Two Dimensional Phase Unwrapping Theory Algorithms and Software
Two Dimensional Phase Unwrapping Theory Algorithms and Software，扫描文档，清晰度一般。GTWO-DIMENSIONALPHASE UNWRAPPINGTHEORY ALGORITHMSAND SOFTWAREDennis C. ghigliaSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerque, New MexMark D. PrittLockheed Martin CorporationGaithersburg, Maryland藏A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATIONJOHN WILEY SONS, INCNew York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore / Toronto2005060radar interferogram generated byDeathon each pass, The terrain elevations can be computed from thebut the phase differences must fig problem In regions of steeprrupted where there are radar shadow and "layover"effects. Surfaceoccurred between the two passes, which were 24 days apar alsopThis image was acquired as part of a program for the Terrain Modeling Project Officended byEngineering Center. The SAR data was provided by Radarsat Intenational THinterferogram was generated and provided by Vexcel Corporation, Boulder, Coloradop00This text is printed on acid-free paper.Copyright o 1998 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reservedNo part of this publicationreproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem or transmitted in any form or by any means, elechanical photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise,xcept as permitted under Sections 107 or 1O% of the 1976of the Publisher or authorization through payment of theontates Copyright Act, without cither theppropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission show(978)ood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978)750-8400, faxnc.. 605 Third A venue. New York, NY 10158-0012(212)850-6011fax(212)850-6008,E-Mail:PERMREQ@WILEY.COMTwo-dimensional phase unwrapping: theory, algorithms, andsoftware/Dennis C Ghiglia and Mark D Pritt.SBN0-471-24935-1(cloth: alk. paper)1. Synthetic aperture radar. 2. Signal processing--Mathematics3. Interferometry. I Pritt. Mark D. [L. Title621.367-dc2l97-3803410987654321;4TWO-DIMENSIONALPHASE UNWRAPPINGFOREWORDTwo-dimensional phase unwrapping is the type of problem that is typically thedomain of the mathematician. It is both complex and abstract However, phaseunwrapping is also the core technology that enables radar interferometryOver the past decade interferometry has changed the way that we use radardata. Radar data are now used for precise measurement of surface topography inclouded regions. Additionally, spaceborne radar systems have proved effectivefor measuring surface changes from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Theseapplications have created a new class of radar data users primarily involved inmapping and remote sensing applicationIn Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping: Theory, Algorithms, and Softwarethe authors unlock the mystery of phase unwrapping in interferometric datarocessing. This text provides a clear, concise treatment of phase unwrappingthat cannot be found in any other source. It presents for the first time therelationship between theory and application. Its uniform treatment of thevarious phase unwrapping techniques makes it a valuable resource for anyengineer or scientist involved in processing or exploitation of interferometricexpect that radar interferometry will increase in importance over the comingdecade with the development of airborne and spaceborne sensor systemsdesigned to optimally exploit this tcchnology. Two- Dimensionsping: Theory, Algorithms, and Software is an important contribution to ourinderstanding of radar interferometry that will bencfit both research intoadvanced techniques and the design of these future sensor systemsJOHN C. CURLANDEPresident and CEOVexcel CorporationPREFACETwo-dimensional phase unwrapping arises most naturally in, but is notrestricted to, interferometric applications. Measured or calculated phasevalues from two or more mutually coherent multidimensional signals are relatedn a nonlinear manner to a desired physical quantity of interest. The nonlinearityis in the form of"wraps"or cycle discontinuities where an underlying two-dimensional phase is wrapped into the interval (T, r. The wrapped phasemust somehow be unwrapped in order to provide an estimate of the underlyingphysical quantity. Estimation of surface topography from interferometricsynthetic aperture radar(SAR)or extremely accurate profiling of mechanicaparts by optical interferometers are two such examplesOriginally developed for military reconnaissance, SAR is now experiencingnew life in civil applications. In fact civilian and commercial interests are rapidlbecoming the drivers of technology. Clever utilization of the coherent SArimagery in interferometric configurations makes possible the measurement ofsurface topography to accuracies much better than the spatial resolution( 0.3meters to several meters)of the SaR images themselves. Indeed, as is commonplace with interferometers, measurement sensitivities are on the order of theoperating wavelength, which is typically a few centimeters for SAR. Imaginggeometries, noise, and other operational factors degrade performance some-what from centimeter-scale accuracies, but nevertheless SAR interferometrymakes possible global topographic mapping in a timely fashion, in daylight or atnight, in all weather conditions, and with unprecedented accuracyinterferometry also can detect deformations of the earths crust on the orderof millimeters, a capability that shows promise for the timely detection ofearthquakes or volcanic eruptionsThese exciting possibilities have led to an explosive growth in the field of phaseunwrapping as indicated by the increasing number of journal publicationsNewcomers to SAR interferometry and related disciplines will eventuallyonfront the phase unwrapping problem and, undoubtedly, will encounter arather bewildering variety of ideas and algorithms, including those based onneural networks, simulated annealing, cellular automata, genetic algorithms,and other unusual constructs. Which of these are good? Which are not? We doThroughout this book we use the notation(-丌,丌 to represent the interval-丌
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数据中心场地基础设施运维管理标准.pdf
随着大数据、云计算、智慧城市、移动互联网和物联网等应用的快速发展，各行各业对于数据中心场地基础设施的需求也越来越大。数据中心单体规模越大、系统越复杂，其脆弱性也越高，对于数据中心运行维护管理水平的要求也就越高。中国数据中心产业发展联盟为了提升整个数据中心行业在数据中心场地基础设施的运维管理水平，特发起了本标准的制定。本标准适用于：政府及企业信息化管理负责人、数据中心负责人、数据中心场地基础设施的运维管理人员。本标准可为以上人群进行数据中心场地基础设施的运维管理提供系统性的建议，也可作为用户评价数据中心场地基础设施运维服务水平的参考。本标准专注于数据中心场地基础设施层面。本标 现代数据中心网www.DCJChina.com.cn世纪互联数据中心有限公司曙光云计算技术有限公司招商银行股份有限公司中国电信股份有限公司云计算分公司中国移动通信集团公司政企客户分公司支持单位:北京企商在线数据通信科技有限公司蓝汛首鸣数据中心南京诚嬴软件科技有限公司润泽科技发展有限公司山东银澎百盛云计算技术有限公司上海迪佑拂科技咨询服务有限公司上海数讯信息技术有限公司苏州国科综合数据中心有限公司太极计算机股份有限公司万国数据服务有限公司中铁程科技有限责任公司广州宽带主干网络有限公司中金数据系统有限公司本标准将定期更新,以适应数据中心技术及管理最佳实践发展的新趋势。相关单位及个人对于本标准有仼何改进建议或意见,请发邮件至秘书处,联系邮箱:mishuchu@chinabda org现代数据中心网w.DCJChina.com.cn目录数据中心场地基础设施运维管理标准、规范性引用文件6二、术语和缩略语62.1术语62.2缩略语8、管理范畴3.1管理目标3.2参与数据中心建设过程93.3测试验证.103.4技术文档3.5管理边界四、安全管理和质量管理124.1人员安全124.2物理环境安全124.3质量管理13五、人员管理145.1组织及人员145.2培训及认证155.3运维外包服务商16六、设施管理176.1资产数据库176.2预防性维护176.3操作流程..186.4工具及备件管理196.5供应商管理19现代数据中心网w.DCJChina.com.cn6.6生命周期管理206.7运维管理系统.20七、运行管理217.1运行管理制度217.2设施监控、巡检、及交接班管理227.3机房清洁管理227.4标签标识管理227.5变更管理227.6事件管理27.7应急响应27.8容量管理247.9能效管理247.10预算管理25数据中心场地基础设施运维管理等级评估指南、运维管理等级的界定....271.1运维分级的目的1.2各等级典型的行为特征271.3设定运维管理等级目标27评估体系282.1评估框架2.2评估原则2.3评估细则28数据中心场地基础设施运维人员资格认证体系、认证体系概述及主要范围37二、认证内容382.1认证标准38现代数据中心网w.DCJChina.com.cn2.2基础知382.3技能要求.392.4认证矩阵图44现代数据中心网w.DCJChina.com.cn数据中心场地基础设施运维管理标准现代数据中心网www.DCJChina.com.cn、规范性引用文件下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡凡是注明日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注明日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。GB50174电子信息系统机房设计规范GB26860电力安全工作规程发电厂和变电站电气部分DL408电业安全工作规程、术语和缩略语2.1术语2.1.1数据中心( Data center)主要功能为容纳一个计算机房和该计算机房的各个支持区的一栋建筑或者一栋建筑的一部分。包括容纳信息技术系统的主机房、支持信息技术系统运行的辅助区和行政管理区。2.1.2场地基础设施( Site Infrastructure)数据中心内为信息技术系统提供运行保障和运行环境的场地设施。包括容纳系统的主机房,支持「系统运行的供电系统、制冷系统、消防系统、安防系统、监控系统及其路由等配套设施及维护杄系统的辅助设施2.1.3运维管理( Operation and Maintenance Management对数据中心场地基础设施进行日常运行和维护,确保各项基础设施系统安全稳定地运行。运维管理包括制定运维制度和计划、执行运维计划响应场地基础设施故障、突发事件等紧急情况。2.1.4生命周期( Life cycle)通常指数据中心从投产到经济寿命结束的全过程。但也有将投产前的规划期、设计期、建设期、测试验证期作为生命周期一部分(孕育期)的说法。2.1.5测试验证( Commissioning)验证并记录数据中心设施作为一个整体及其所有的设备、子系统满足用户的设计目标和运行要求2.1.6健康评估( Health assessment)全面系统性地对机房现有使用状态、设备运行情况、运维管理制度及流程等进行全方位的检查。现代数据中心网w.DCJChina.com.cn2.1.7预防性维护( Preventive Maintenance)为降低产品发生失效或功能退化的概率,按预定的时间间隔或按既定的准则实施的维护。2.1.8风险评估( Risk assessment)针对运行的设备所面临的威胁、存在的弱点、造成的影响,以及三者综合作用所带来风险的可能性的评估,同时确定风险是否可容许的全过程。2.1.9容量管理( Capacity Management)对于基础设施在空间、电力承载能力、制冷能力等方面的评估,以满足「T数据存储和处理的需要容量。为了实现其目标,容量管理需要与业务及杄战略流程保持密切的联系。2.1.10资产管理( Asset Management)对于数据中心基础设施中每个资产建立独有的标识,并详细进行资产描述、制造商、型号、安装日期、保修期等信息的记录管理2.1.11可用性( Availability)在所有要求的外部资源得到提供的情况下,数据中心在规定的时刻或规定的时间段内处于能执行要求的功能状态的能力。它是衡量数据中心等级、运维水平的重要指标。可用性的计算如下可用性平均无故障时间平均无故障时间 平均故障修复时间2.1.12绿色运行( Green Operation)指数据机房中的制冷、照明和电气等能取得最大化的能源效率和最小化的环境影响。2.1.13负载(Load)指连接在电路中的电源输出的设备。负载是把电能转换成其他形式的能的装置。2.1.14气流组织(Ar- Flow Organization)指在机房內对冷热气流的流向按一定要求进行疏导和组织。现代数据中心网www.DCJChina.com.cn2.2缩略语22.1PUE( Power∪ sage Effectiveness,电力使用效率)PUE是评价数据中心能源效率的指标,是数据中心消耗的所有能源与T负载使用的能源之比。PUE三数据中心总设备能耗川T设备能耗PUE是一个比值,越接近1表明能效水平越好2.2.2SLA( Service Level Agreement,服务等级协议)服务提供商和客户之间签署的、描述服务范围和约定服务级别的协议。2.2.3MOP( Method of Procedure,维护作业程序)M○尸是维护作业程序,用于规范和明确数据中心基础设施运维工作中各项设施的维护保养审批流程、操作步骤。2.2.4SOP( Standard Operating procedure,标准操作流程)S○P即标准操作流程,是将某一项工作的标准操作步骤和要求以统一的格式描述岀来,用来指导和规范日常的运维工作。2.2.5EOP( Emergency Operating procedure,应急操作流程)E○P是应急操作流程,用于规范应急操作过程中的流程及操作步骤。确保运维人员可以迅速启动,确保有序、有效地组织实施各项应对措施。2.2.6 CMMS( Computerized Maintenance Management System计算机化维护管理系统)用以系统性地设置并跟踪运维仼务的执行情况,存储操作流程及相应运维人员的操作权限等维护工作相关信息。
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