电力系统电磁暂态计算理论
很好的电力系统电磁暂态计算方面的理论书籍，详细讲解了电力系统元件等值的方法，梯形积分、向前欧拉法、向后欧拉法都有介绍内容提要本祸结合国际上广泛使射的电砖街森计算程芹MTP,誊重舟绍电力和电气网终磁针态过程的计算机被的实用算法和援术,世括交直洸电力紧蛻和电气网络绽申机、变区器、鞫且线賡、电s、开关,可控硭、电抗器、避带器、电容器等各种线性贩非线性的集中參数与分布卖数元件,以及电力系统中赏的控剜系统的數竽型刷求溶方法。书中对坦磁暂薇模拟然說展势也提启了一些建设性的意见本书可件为电力、电气、电⊥制查、电气化铁路.通信等部门7工程技术人员扣科妍人的摻考书,也可作为大学高午学生和研究生汹H w DommelEMTP theory book内部出版物1986年电力统电磁暂态计算理论加拿大, w Dommel孪永庄林枭明曾喀华晖水刊电力出版社出版、发行〔北有三里惘路母各池新型书店经水利电力扑版社印刷厂印刷78?×19毫米1开本22,5张5千宁1991年8月第一版9年8月北京第一次即刷邛歎000L—2620朋rSBN了-2(-01337-8/TM37￡价14元译序电力系统的规划,设计、运行,电机、电器设备的研都必须对电力网络进行研究,电网研究的内容通常有短跸分析瀏流分析;稳定分析;电磁背态分析。其中电磁智态分析是最新的也是最为复杂的课题。饼究电磁暂态问灯朋物理模型和效字程序。电磁晳态分析程序LM山}便是日前网际通用的一种数程序。它规模大,功能强,最初加拿大不列類哥伦比平大学(UBC)的H,W, DOmmel教授创立,又经过很多专家的共同努力而月橥完美。美国邦纳维尔电力局(BPA)对程序的开发作出了很大的贡献近年来成立的包括美国、加拿大、日本及欧洲一些国家在内的EMTP联合发展中心(DCG)和在欧洲成立的另一个EMTP用户协会(LEC),都还在为该程序的改进提和推广普及进行着量工作,本书中提到的UBC版本,BPA版本和DCG版本系指以上述机构各自为主开发的不同版本我国于1981年引进FMTP程序,很快受到有关部门的重视,从1984年以来各地举办过多次研讨班,水利电力部还成立了EMP工作组(设在能源部电力科学研兖陇系统所日前我函MTP程序的拥有单位已避及高等院校、科斫、设计,运行和制造部门。在一些国家级重点项目的研究中都已使用了EMTP程序。尽箐如此,由于BMTP程序理论较新难度较大,国内的使用者普遍感到不易掌握,凼而使程序的多种功能没有得到充分利用。以到MH莫基人且W. ommel教授为主编写的本书,全面地介绍了EMTP中涉及的电力系统中各种元件的数学莫型和数值计算方法,分析了它们的固有误差和特度,还介绍了积几十年应用线的些有益的经验及进一步改进的方问。它的出版无疑会对程序消化吸收奠定坚实的基础,不仅有助于大专院校帐师生、电丿部门和制造部门的技术人虽掌握程序,而且有勁于提高他们的电磁暂态理论水平及編程能力,此外,太书肪讨论的间题对通信、电气化铁路、自动控制等部门也有重要的参考价值。本书笫四、五章和6~6.11由曾跗华翮译,第6.1~6,5节、第12,2~12.4节、第八、九章和附录ⅴI由林集明翻译,其余部分由李永庄翻译。译者对清华大学吴维韩、黄炜纲、郝逢年为本书所作的校对工作深表感谢,并炊迎读者对译文中的不矩和错误时提出批评和意见,符号说明下标符号说明下标念义下标意义actual实际ITsy绝缘addy涡流ir.t内部的dIr值近似的Ink逆变上IE(u铝装铁E VE平基均k转cage础limit极折限3卫ch支路left边break闪络负载char特的o环:ont合常芯伴临数了ow低master主合界机路耗的城间中Indie模current电流nedi修的delay延迟互正相earth大地8卫铭牌eddy涡等negr值The电气侧neutral序点精确卫ew新性的eXcoffset偏fault故发障电地open分机Dreer接原high的高o振hys磁进OUE输出闸令始游外空部的oved架incr自增加Phasd慰应pipeput输入JOS正于序)的下标意义下标意义prem刺级50uc日电派propa传播apark放地random随机给定了tg额定值Lar乒〗rEC已受端start开始简化结束整流surger的 idual剩余的switc]五开关RMS有效值smr对称turbine汽(水〕轮机SCP屏酰端点elf自Thev戴维南等值ser]e:串联Pca总的整定值totality变压器外皮trape梯形的short短路tuleshunt并联不饱和滑多slave电业部门从属voltage电乐lope斜率without不包括平滑苓(序)的上标符号说明上析意义上标意义b攴鑒预报值闭合三角形连接r化别造厂s短路修正t试算neTT新值old电业部门老值录译序符号说明第一章EMT解法介绍…第二章线性无耦合集中参数元件了2.1电阻R…2,I,1误差分析…■■■p冒■■2,12带有电阻献网络实钢……………"……""¨¨¨=422自电感I…………"……■■山■昏■21误差分析222利用并联电卵阻尼数值振荡223并联电蓝的物理意义182.24营有电感的网络实好↓.■1}●唱.甲司日·d-:;■·Pt-…·20电容C2,3.1误差分析■山Ldk L2,3.2利用串联电阻阻尼数值振荡…2..3串联电阻的物理意义…2.3.4帮有电容的网络实例……1·量···52.4R、L、C串联…2.5单相常规z形电路…P■■■■"甲,胃26第三章线性耦合藻中参教元件3.1耩合电阻[E]…3,1.1误差分析28312耦合支路插入节点方程组…283.1,3朝合电阻:恻……"""……“…¨293.2耦合电感LL…….2.1误姜分析……■■■甲32.2利用荆合并联电阻阻尼数位振荡1r晋+■23.23荆合并电阻的物理意义■萨■司323,4带有精合电感的网绺实例……3.3藕合电容[C1……pm聊聊hdP量看看「·日···「·■n44"…,…-…343.3.1误差分析………是昏■·L甲·■·.●■35332利用串联电阻阻尼效值振满333稠合串联电阻的物理意义3.3.4背有耦合电容的网络实例…*……………-……………33.4M相常规匹形电路……………咖■自·d血■画3.4.I[配]与[L]申联………………342[配]与LL]1串联……………薯四章架空物电线路……41线路参数………………41单根导线的线蔚参数A i4.1.1.1串联阻抗矩库41,12并电容矩阵2等值相导线的线路念数|■?■■■自m画日q卩q即1412,1消去地线4.32,构成零级麻4.1.2,3等值打哥线的化矩阵4124等值相异线的常规忑形电路4125连续地线和分段地统4.1,3平衡线路的序和零序参数■■。■■PTPT·平P■■rr■■〓584lt单回三相线路的正序和零芹拿效4.132平衡的相线路的正序和零序参4.1.33仅有零序舞合的两条同的三相线路4.14对称分量……………,,……,…暴甲甲A.15模量参数-……一一·,1、5,1模域中的线路屴程4.1,5,2充與高频近4.1.5,3求習态解的近似转换矩阵4,2EMTP的线路模型421交流稳态觚…∷…7742.⊥1M榍常规x形电路2单相线路的等值x形电路M想等值形电路4.22眢态解4,221常规军形电路4222L和C恒定的单相无损线42,2.3D’和C恒疤的M群无封线2,4具有恒定多数的单相和M相元畸变浅4.2.25带集竹电图的单相和M相线略从有频率租关参藪的单相和M相线盛第五章地下电缆995.1单芯电缆…串联阻抗·512并联导纳……:"+∴:0352平行单芯电缆……1045.3大地返回阻抗…………r-…:106,3.1半无限大坦中的埋设导缋10753,2无限大地屮的埋设导线l4953.3架空导线……I】0.5,3,4架空导线与埋设导线间的互阻抗1i05.4管形电缆1195,L管壁厚度无限(无大地返旧)……11蠢2管撥厚度有限(有大地返回)…·I135.5戒束导线和消丢地线……………1146埋设的管道11p57部分导体和有限元法…1f857.I側分为部分导体…I185.7、2有限元法…*11958模量参数…………12059EM①P的电缆模型…12I5,9.I交流稳态解………⊥25.92皙态解………………………1225921短电须5922单相电5.9.23多相电抛算六章变压器4b■136.!戴维南等值电路中的变压器…………………………………………………1308.2单相双绕組和三绕组变压器的感矩阵模型…1…*:n……#1326.2双绕組变压器…………………………F吾P■r.3622荆态电感矩阵………336.23三绕组变居器………13463单相双绕组和三绕组变压器的逆电感矩阵模型…卩··PPP中血會■身P會↓4『『P』』■4』4卩134831双娆组变压器…”…t…134632三骁组变压器……“…4…,………,“………,t……3564单相N线圈变压器的矩阵棋型…13765三相N线圈变压器的矩阵模型如聊电4唱b血口血善t■■自44》备■晶↓14065.1许算[R]和[L]2方法……………………■·日中1平6,52簪正三角形连绕组的零序歡据…14266励磁电流……………436B.1线性(不饱和励磁电流■■贔PP■昏4■●●p■命;h…………………]4381,1单相变压器6,6,t,2三相变压器6.3.2饱和影啊……■■晶晶■昌■…4……………】47662,1单柑变压器6,6,2,2二桕变压器663磁°和涡流损粔…………………I506,B,4剩磁………1……15367朝变压器……d血■■db晶·■白d■■■■4p…15468理蕉变压器4斗P■由1鲁4■『■司司pP即"最最具4l5569电位浮动的三角接法………l56610支持子程序和饱和变压器元件6.【0.1支持子程序 XFORMER…………………,………………l575.102支持子程序 BCTRAN………+…1576.103支持子程炸 TRELEG唱1·甲严■冒14_l576.10,5支持子程序 CONVERTI58E105饱和变压器元件·.早日和·甲·1·如即自·冒P4晶4日h晶h晶qL■L■IBD611频率相关的变压器模型……183算七章简蝉电压源和电清漂…1個由:67L电源与节点相连卜日p卩●甲◆中卩申■■■自日………L637.2两节点问的电流源∵…………L6373两节太间的电压源…………………日加甲■唱·LpP■■■曲即啁,4同一节点上多个电源…L657.5内部简单电源巫数……………■1?b■■7.6受电流控制的直流电压源………………………1687,6,上狼态解…1697,6,2暂态解…h1口170第八章三相同步电机.血4甲即會■dt■tI…………17281电气部分基本方程式……",…"…"*…4……………17382确定电气参数r17783机椃部分基本方程式…I828.4稳态模和初始条件…………血11自幽冒bPIr■858.41利用序疯进行初始化M"……"……“*……l883.42利用负序值进行初始化………:+190843利零序值进行初始化193844机被部分的初始化…甲1日3,5皙态解………………+b幽…49485.1解法概述…鲁■「↓·■■甲司唱昏■4▲止l95852电气部分暂态解197启53机被部分暂态解2u185,4预报和校正方怯………………22B54预报和月8.54.24,q轴伴雅电阻的平均值85,43E和的预报8.5.4.4旋转势的预报8.5,1,5选代方法8.6饱和298,61基本股定……209862稳态运行中的饱和……………■■……:…21186.3态条件下的饱和21286,4在EMTP中的实现方法r214B6,4.1毪态初始化8642誓态解8.65采旧Cnay特征抗时饱和影响…■■■d■前九章通用电机………………"…"""42791电气部分基本方程式…!·■↓q昏【hdl●pp■■■暴27B2确定电气参数……甲·D·■自昏■面■备聊22B9.3转换到相量-………2229.4机械部分……………血自··■■着■P量1am山m+++··22495稳态模型和树始条件………·■P1『『1甲a●42259.1三相同步电机952两相同步电机…53单相同步电机中·!bd如h■,4甲唱啁中
- 2020-12-07下载
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使用CC2591作为CC2530的功放
使用CC2591作为CC2530的功放, CC2591 PAThe absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions listed in the CC2530 datasheet [1]and the CC2591 datasheet [4] must be followed at all times. Stress exceeding one or more ofthese limiting values may cause permanent damage to any of the devicesNote that these characteristics are only valid when using the recommended register settingspresented in Section 4.6 and in Chapter 8, and the CC2530 - EM reference designOperating Frequency240524835MHzOperating Supply Voltage2036VOperating Temperature-40CTC=25C, VDD=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated. All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-Cc2591EM reference design [11] with a 50 Q2 loadReceive CurrentWait for sync, -90 dBm input levelWait for sync, -50 dBm input level24mATXPOWER OXE5166mATXPOWER OXD5149mATXPOWER OXC5138mATXPOWER OXB5127mATransmit currentTXPOWER OXA5115ATXPOWER = 0X95100mATXPOWER = 0X8594ATXPOWE=0×75mATXPOWE=0×6579APower Down Current PM2UAISTRUMENTSPage 3 of 19SWRA308ATC=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f= 2440 MHz if nothing else is stated. All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591 EM reference design with a 50 Q2 loadReceive Sensitivity HGM 1 %PER, IEEE 802. 15.4[6] requires -85 dBm-988dBmReceive Sensitivity LGM1 PER, IEEE 802. 15.4 [6] requires -85 dBm-90.4dBmSaturationlEEE 802.15. 4 [6] requires-20 dBm10dBmWanted signal 3 db above the sensitivity levelIEEE 802.15.4 modulated interferer at ieee 802.15.4 channelsInterferer Rejection+5 MHz from wanted signal, IEEE 802. 15. 4 [6] requires 0 dBdB+10 MHz from wanted signal, IEEE 802. 15. 4 [6] requires 30 dB49dB+20 MHz from wanted signal wanted signal at- 82d BmdBdue to in the external lna and the offset in cc2530 the rssi readouts from cc2530CC2591 is different from rssi offset values for a standalone cc2530 design the offsetvalues are shown in table 4.4High Gain Mode79LoW Gain mode67Real rssi Register value-Rssl offsetISTRUMENTSPage 4 of 19SWRA308ATc=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591 EM reference design with a 50 Q2 load Radiated measurements aredone with the kit antennaRadiated Emissionwith TXPOWer Oxe5Conducted 2. RF (FCC restricted band)-462|dBmConducted 3. RF(FCC restricted band46.5 dBmComplies withFCC 15.247. SeeChapter 7 for moredetails about regulatoryRadiated 2.RF(FCC restricted band)42.2dBmrequirements andcomplianceIEEE 802.15.4[6]requires max.35%%Measured as defined by IEEE 802.15. 4 6TXPOWER OxE5. f= EEE 802.15. 4 channels13TXPOWER= OXD5. f= EEE 802.15.4 channelsTXPOWER= OXC5 f= EEE 802.15.4 channelsMax error∨ ectorTXPOWER OxB5 f= IEEE 802.15. 4 channelsMagnitude(EVM)TXPOWER OxA5. f= IEEE 802.15.4 channelsTXPOWER 0X95. f= IEEE 802. 15.4 channels643333%%%%%%%TXPOWER= 0x85. f= iEEE 802. 15.4 channelsTXPOWER =0x75 f= IEEE 802. 15.4 channels%TXPOWER= 065. f= iEEE 802. 15.4 channelsThe RF output power of the CC2530- CC2591 EM is controlled by the 7-bit value in theCC2530 TXPOWER register. Table 4.6 shows the typical output power and currentconsumption for the recommended power settings The results are given for Tc= 25 C, Vdd3.0V and f= 2440 MHz, and are measured on the cC2530-CC2591 EM reference designwith a 50 Q2 load. For recommendations for the remaining CC2530 registers, see Chapter 8 oruse the settings given by SmartRF StudioOXE520166OxD519149OxC18138OxB517127OxA5161150x95141000x8513940X75860x651079Note that the recommended power settings given in Table 4.6 are a subset of all the possibleTXPOWER register settings. However, using other settings than those recommended mightINSTRUMENTSPage 5 of 19SWRA308Aresult in suboptimal performance in areas like current consumption, EVM, and spuriousemissionTc=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591EM reference design with a 50 32 load2221-2V201918171611121314151617181920212223242526251510OxE5OxC5OxA50X850x65540-30-20-1001020304050607080ISTRUMENTSPage 6 of 19SWRA308A98Avg 3.6VAva 3vAvg 2V110111213141516171819202122232425261023.6V-1062V-110-40-30-20-100102030405060708070604020-Wanted signal at:-82 dBm10ISTRUMENTSPage 7 of 19SWRA308ACC2530-CC2591EM High Gain ModeC C2530-CC2591EM Low Gain Mode- CC2530EM40000-100110100908070-60-50-40-30-20-100The IEEE standard 802.15. 4 [8] requires the transmitted spectral power to be less than thelimits specified in table 4.7If-fc>3.5 MHz-20 dB-30 dBmThe results below are given for Tc=25 C, Vdd=3.0V and f= 2440 MHz, and are measuredon the CC2530-CC259 1EM reference design with a 50 Q loadIEEE absoluteChannel 182432.52435243752442524452447.5ISTRUMENTSPage 8 of 19SWRA308AOnly a few external components are required for the CC2530-CC2591 reference design. Atypical application circuit is shown below in Figure 5.1. Note that the application circuit figuredoes not show how the board layout should be done. The board layout will greatly influencethe RF performance of the CC2530-CC2591EM. TI provides a compact CC2530CC2591 EM reference design that it is highly recommended to follow. The layout, stack-upand schematic for the CC2591 need to be copied exactly to obtain good performance. Notethat the reference design also includes bill of materials with manufacturers and part numbersL102 L10=TI INF inductorVDD13cc2530LA 1RF PANTCC2591 RF NFNPA EN(P1 1)i工工I NA FNP:1HGM ENPO 7)T:1Proper power supply decoupling must be used for optimum performance. In Figure 5.1, onlythe decoupling components for the CC2591 are shown. This is because, in addition todecoupling, the parallel capacitors C11, C101, and C131 together with, L101, L102, TL11TL101 and TL131 also work as RF loads. These therefore ensure the optimal performancefrom the CC2591. C161 decouples the AvDD blAs power.The placement and size of the decoupling components, the power supply filtering and thePCB transmission lines are very important to achieve the best performance Details about theimportance of copying the CC2530-CC2591EM reference design exactly and potentialconsequences of changes are explained in chapter 6The RF input/output of CC2530 is high impedance and differential. The CC2591 includes abalun and a matching network in addition to the PA, LNa and RF switches which makes theinterface to the CC2530 seamless. Only a few components between the CC2530 andCC2591 necessary for RF matching For situation with extreme mismatch(VSWR 6: 1 till 12: 1out-of-band as shown in Figure 6.2) it is recommended to include all the components asshown in Figure 5.1ISTRUMENTSPage 9 of 19SWRA308ANote that the PCB transmission lines that connect the two devices also are part of the RFmatching. It is therefore important to copy the distance between the devices, the transmissionlines and the stack-up of the PCB according to the reference design to ensure optimumperformanceThe network between the CC2591 and the antenna(L111, C112, C111 C113 and L112matches the CC2591 to a 50 2 load and provides filtering to pass regulatory demands. C111also works as a dc-blockR151 is a bias resistor the bias resistor is used to set an accurate bias current for internaluse in the cc2591The TI reference design contains two antenna options. As default, the Sma connector isconnected to the output of CC2591 through a 0 Q2 resistor. This resistor can be soldered offand rotated 90 clockwise in order to connect to the PCB antenna, which is a planar invertedF antenna(PIFA). Note that all testing and characterization has been done using the SMAconnector. The PCB antenna has only been functionally tested by establishing a link betweentwo EMs. Please refer to the antenna selection guide [6] and the Inverted F antenna designnote [7 for further details on the antenna solutionsISTRUMENTSPage 10 of 19SWRA308A
- 2020-11-30下载
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