wifi 802.11n 协议标准
wifi 802.11n 协议标准Contents2. Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 13. Definitions ...........................................................................................................EEE Std802.11n"-2009(Amendment to ieEE Std 802.11-2007as amended by ieee std 802. 11k-2008EEE Std80211r-2008, EE Std802.11y-2008,and IEEE Std 802. 11w-2009)EEE Standard forInformation technology-Telecommunications and informationexchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirementsPart 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY SpecificationsAmendment 5: Enhancements for HigherThroughputSponsorLANIMAN Standards committeeof theIEEE Computer SocietyApproved 11 September 2009IEEE-SA Standards boardAbstract: This amendment defines modifications to both the IEEE 802 1 1 physical layer(PHY)andthe IEEE 802 11 medium access control (MAC) sublayer so that modes of operation can be enabledthat are capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100 Mb/s, asmeasured at the Mac data service access point (SAP)Keywords: high throughput, MAC, medium access control, MIMO, MIMO-OFDM, multiple inputmultiple output, PHY, physical layer, radio, wireless local area network, WLANThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue New york NY 10016-5997 USACopyright@ 2009 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IncAll rights reserved. Published 30 October 2009. Printed in the United States of AmericaIEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers, IncorporatedPDFSBN978-0-7381-60467STD95961Print:|SBN9780-7381-6047-4STDPD95961No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisherIEEE Standards documents are developed within the ieee Societies and the standards Coordinating Committees ofthe IEee Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The ieee develops its standards through a consensusdevelopment process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteersrepresenting varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of theInstitute and serve without compensation. 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Comments on standards and requests for interpretations shouldbe submitted to the following addressSecretary, IEEE-SA Standards board445 Hoes lanePiscataway, NJ 08854USAAuthorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by The Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance CenterTo arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 RosewoodDrive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1978750 8400 PerImission lo photocopy portions of any individual standard foreducational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance CenterIntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEee Std 802. 11n-2009, IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems--Local and metropolitan networks--Specifirequirements-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) SpecificationsAmendment 5: Enhancements for Higher ThroughputThis amendment specifies enhancements to IEEE 802. 11 physical layer(PHY)and medium access control(MAC) sublayer to provide modes of operation with useful data rates substantially higher than thosepreviously available. Significantly higher IEEE 802. 11 wireless local area network(WLAN) throughput isexpected to improve user experiences for current applications and to enable new applications and marketsegmentsNotice to usersLaws and requlationsUsers of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with theprovisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirementsImplementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatoryrequirements. iEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not incompliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so on that is not inCopyrightsThis document is copyrighted by the Ieee. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and privateuses.These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulationstandardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this documentavailable for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the ieee does not waive any rights incopyright to this documentUpdating of IEEE documentsUsers of ieFF standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by theissuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments,corrigenda, or errata. An official ieee document at any point in time consists of the current edition of thedocument together with any amendments corrigenda or errata then in effect In order to determine whethera given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance ofamendmentscorrigendaorcrrata,visittheIeeEStandardsAssociationwebsiteathttp://ieeexplore. ieee. org/xpl/standards. jsp or contact the iEee at the address listed previously.For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the Ieee standards development process,visittheIeeE-sawebsiteathttp://standards.ieeeorgErrataErrata,ifanyforthisandallotherstandardscanbeaccessedatthefollowingUrl:http://standards. ieee. org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index. html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forta periodicallyInterpretationsCurrentinterpretationscanbeaccessedatthefollowingUrl:http://standards.ieeeorg/reading/ieee/interp/index htmlCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedPatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this amendment may require use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. a patent holder or patent applicant hasfiled a statement of assurance that it will grant licenses under these rights without compensation or underreasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfairdiscrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Other Essential Patent Claims may exist forwhich a statement of assurance has not been received. The Ieee is not responsible for identifying EssentialPatent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scopeof Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or nondiscriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patentrights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further informationmay be obtained from the ieee Standards associationParticipantsWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, the IEEe 802. 11 Working Group had the followingofficersBruce P. Kraemer, ChairJon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair; Treasurer; and Chair, Task Group mbAdrian P. Stephens Vice chairStephen McCann, Secretary and Chair, Publicity standing Committee and Task group uTerry L. Cole, Technical Editor and Assigned Number AuthorityTeik-Kheong Tan, Chair, Wireless Next Generation Standing CommitteeDavid Bagby, Chair, Architecture Standing CommitteeBruce p. kraemer Co-Chair IMT-Advanced ad hoc commiteeLee armstrong, Chair, Task Group pDonald E Eastlake Ill, Chair;, Task Group sNeeraj Sharna, Chair, Task group lDorothy V. Stanley, Chair, Task Group v and IETF Ad hoc CommitteeJesse Walker, Chair. cTl Ad hoc committeePeter Ecclesine, Chair, Task group yMenzo Wentink, Chair, Task group zGancsh Venkatesan, Chair, Task Group aaEldad Perahia, Chair, Very High Throughput Study groupDarwin Enger, Co-Chair. IMT-Advanced ad hoc committeeWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, Task Group n had the following officersBruce P Kraemer. chairSILi. vice chairGarth Hillman and Jon Walter Rosdahl, SecretaryAdrian P. Stephens, Technical editorWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, the IEeE 802. 1l Working Group had the followingmembershiOsama S. aboulmagdMalik audchAmit bansalTomoko adachiCcrt A, awatoJohn. barrAlok aggarwalDavid bagbGal bassonCarlAldanaMichael bahrussa BavafaThomas AlexanderFan baiTuncer BaykasLee r. ArmstrongGabor BaikoJohn L. BenkoAlex ashleyDennis j. bakerMathilde benvenisteCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedBiorn A. berkeRobert Y huangChiu ngoDaniel borgesDavid hunterEero nikulaAnthony braskichYasuhiko inoueRichardH. noensJoseph brennanAkio isoHideaki odagiriDavid britzJunghoon JeeJisung OhG. BumillerHongseok JeonChandra s. olsonNancy Cam-WingetYeonkwon JeongYouko omorNecati CanpolatJorjeta G JetchevaSatoshi oyamaJavier cardonaLusheng jiRichard H. PaineDouglas s ChanDaniel JiangAuld. palaniveluClint F. ChaplinPadam AflChangmin ParkCarl W. KainJungsoo parkMinho CheongNaveen K KakanMinyoung ParkMasato katoⅤ ijaykumar PatelNakjungDouglas KanBcminih. peirisLiwen chuRichard H. KennedyEldad perahiaTerry L. ColeJohn KenneJames e. petranovichRyon K. ColemanStuart 3. KerryAl PetrickCharles IJoonsuk kinFahd pirzadaTodor CooklevKyeongpyo KimJames d. portaroXavier p CostaSeong S. kimHenry s. PtasinskiDavid E CypherYongsan KimRene purnadiMarc de courvilleJarkko kneckChang w. PyoRolf J de vegtMark m. kobayashiEmily H QiTheodorus denteneerFumihide KojimaLuke QianJeremy de vriesTom KolzeHuyu QuSusan DickeyBruccp KJim e raabZhiming DingJohannes P KruysⅤ nuth raiYoshiharu doThomas KuehnelAli RaissiniaJohn dorseyThomas m. KuriharaHarish ramamurthyRoger P durandStephen G raymentSrinivasa duvvuriEdwin kwonLeonid razoumovDonald e. eastlakeZhou lanIvan reePeter Ecclesiaejeremy A landtEdward reussMichael ellisJoseph P. lauerAlex reznikStephen P. EmeottTae H. LeeRandal roebuckMarc emmelmannWooyoung leeJon walter rosdahlDarwin EngwerJoseph levyRichard royJoseph epsteinSheung liAlexander safonovⅤ inko ercegPaul linKazuyuki sakodaLars p. falkIlang liuHemanth sampathRobert fanfcllMichael livshitzKatsuyoshi SatoStefan fechterPeter LocHirokazu sawadaPaul h. feinberDaniel lubarDon schultzMatthew FischerAnthony f. maidaYongho SeokWayne k. FisherJakub majkowskiHuairong shaoRoberta fracchiAlastair MalarkyNeeraj sharmaRyuhei FundaJouni K. malinenStephen J ShellhammerMatthew gastAlexander maltsevlan SherlockJames p gilbBill marshallKai shiJeffrey gilbertRoman m. maslennikovShusaku shimadaReinhard GlogerSudheer mattaFrancois simonDavid goodallStephen Mc cannHarkirat SinghTugrul guenerJustin p mcnewGraham K. SmithJianlin gven meseckeMatt smithMark hamiltonRobert r. millerYoo-Seung SongC.J. HanseMichael monteKapil seBrian d. hartRajendra T. moortiVinay SridharaAmer A haHitoshi moriokaDorothy stanleⅤ egard hasselPeter MurrayAdrian P. StephensRobert f heileAndrew milesDavid S Stephenson〔 undo r. HertzRohit nabarCarl R. StevensonJunling hiJohn stineWendong huKengo nagataGuenaelt strutCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedChin s SumGanesh VenkateHarry R. worstellEiji TakagiDalton t.Ⅴ ictorPengfei xiaMineo takaiGeorge A. vlantisAkira yamadaTcik-Khcong TanCssc r. walkerTakeshi yamamotoAllan thomsonunlWangmoya yamauraJerry thrasherngEric okuboCraig d. WarrenSu K. YongAlexander TolpinFujio WatanabeSeiji YoshioJason trachewskyPatrick WayeChristopher YoungSolomon b. traininMenzo m. wentinkArtur zaksRichard D. Van NeeFrank whettenHongyuan zhangAllert van zelstKyle williamsHuimin zhangMathieuⅤ arlet-AndmJames worshamJing zhiPrabodh varshneyJuan ZunigaContributions to this amendment was received from the following individualsBill ablⅵ inko ErcegPatrick labbeSantosh abrahamMustafa rozJoseph lauerTomoko adachiStefan fechterDongjun leeDmitry akhmetovPaul feinbergLin-Nan leeCarlos aldanaMatthew fischereeDave andrusGuido frederiksSok-kyu LeeMicha anholtTakashi FukagawaZhongding leiTsuguhide AokiPatrick FungJoseph levyYusuke asarEdoardo gallizioScott leyonhjelGeert awaterJames gardnerPen liDavid BaDevis gattSheung LiRaja banerjeaDavid HedbergYuan liKaberi banerieeGarth hillmanKevin liaoAmit bansalJin-Meng hoIsaac limGal bassonDale hocevarAlfred linAnui batraLouise hooAlbert liuJohn benkoMuhammad akramDer-Zheng liuMathilde benvenisteYasuhiko inoueMichael livshitzBjorn BjerkeKaz ishidaYufei BlakenshipTakashi ishidoshiroPeter LojkoDaniel borgesLakshmi lyerHui-Ling LouDouglas chanEric JacobsonAdina matacheJerry ChangYuh-Ren jauhLaurent mazetJohn ChangTaehyun JeonWilliam mcfarlandJeng-Hong ChenJari JokelaDarren mcnamaraStephen ChenVKJonesIrina medvedevYi-Ming ChenPadam AflArnaud meylanPei-ju ChiangNaveen KakaniMorgan mikFrancois chinSriniavs kandalaSeungwook minWoon Hau ChinAteet KapurPatrick mo上 mily chouAssaf KasherAndy molischLiwen chuMasato katoR. Tushar moortiKeith ChuggJohn KetchumMike moretonBrian ClassonJoonsuk KYuichi moriokaSean CoffeyPansop KimMarkus muckGabriella convertinoYoungsoo KimSyed Aon mujtabaMarc de courvilleGuenter KleindlAndrew mylesRolf de vegtKiyotaka KobayashiRohit nabarFranz dielacherCenk Koselhasa NagaiYoshiharu doiBruce p KraemerKengo NagataJohn deThomas KuehnelSeigo NakaodouglasTakushi KunihiroSanjiv nandaPeter ecclesiaeJoe KwakChiu nDarwin EngwerJoseph kwakAjit NimbalkerLeonid epsteinEdwin kwonGunnar NitscheCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedHuaning NiuErik SchylanderRichard van neeIvan oakesMichael sealsNico van waesYoshihiro ohtanilual-Rong ShaoAllert van zelstEric OjardSuman sharmaAndres vila casadoTakeshi onizawaSteve shellhammerGeorgeⅵ lantisJob oostveenIan SherlockTimothy WakeleyFabio osnatoMasaaki shidaJesse walkerKafle padamTakashi shonoBrad wallacePratima paiSebastien SimoensMark wallaceArul palaniveluMassimiliano sitiRod waltonSubra parameswaraDoug SmithQi WThomas pareMatt smithXiaowen WangJean-Noel PatillonAmjadDeric WatersWei-Chung PengRobert staceyMark WebsterEldad perahiaAdrian P. StephensMenzo WentinkJim petranovichRichard WeseKrishna madhavan pillaiVictor StolpmanMike WilhoyteMadhavan pillaiSumei sunTimothy WongAngelo PoloniXiantao sunJames WoodyattNeeraj poojaryShravan surineniHenry ptasinskiIlan sutskoverAriton XhafaAleksandar PurkovicEiji Takagio xiaLuke oianMasahiro takasTomoya YamauraAli RaissiniaSeiichiro TakahashiEric YangSthanunathan ramakrishnanDaisuke takedaWen-Chang YehHarish RamamurthyTeik-Kheong TanChristopher YoungSridhar rameshYasuhiro TanakaHeejung YuRaffaele rivaStephan ten brinkArtur ZaksJon walter rosdahlGanesan ThiagarajanEldad zeiraStephanie Rouquette-LeveilEric OkuboHongyuan zhaMike rudeTim TowellJin ZhangJohn sadowskiJason trachewskyNing ZhangAtul salhotraSolomon traininQuan ZhouVincenzo scarpaDavid tungJohnny ZweigDonald schultzStefano valleJim syrenThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this amendment. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstentionOsama aboulmagdBill cannonSouray duttaTomoko adachiJing CaoRichard eckardAlok AggarwalEdward CarlesCarl EklundThomas alexandeJames CarloStephen emeottRichard AlvinJuan CarreonMarc emmelmannEdward ChalfDarwin EngwcButch AntonDouglas s ChanJoseph epsteinDanilo antonelliKuor-Hsin ChangRobert fanfelleClint ChaplinShahin FarahaniDavid BagbyWei-Peng ChenShulan FengGabor BaikoYung-Mu ChenOddgeir FikstvedtMatthew ballHong ChengMatthew fischerRaja banerjeaAik ChindapoPrince francisVered BKeith ChowAvraham FreedmanJohn barrLiwen ChuDevon gaylePhilip beecherRyon ColemanMichael GeipelMathilde benvenisteCharles cookTheodore Georgantasharry bimsTodor CookiePieter -Paul giesbertsBjorn BjerkeHelge CowardJames gilbMonique brownJoseph decuirReinhard glogerRussell dietzMariana goldhamerWilliam byrdThomas dineenScrgiu gomaPctcr. calderonJohn dorseyDavid goodallCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved
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车联网白皮书(2018)
本白皮书从技术、产业和政策措施三个维度对车联网国内外发展现状及趋势进行分析。技术部分包括单车智能化相关汽车电子技术和 V2X 无线通信、多接入边缘计算、车路协同平台等网联化相关技术，以及信息安全等共性关键技术；产业部分从专利布局、产业链协同重点剖析产业发展新趋势，探索新生态和新模式等； 政策措施部分包括顶层设计规划、协同推进机制、法律法规等；最后总结全文，对车联网融合创新发展提出“1+3”举措建议，包括构建一个跨行业协调机制和技术创新、产业融合、安全管理三个发展体系。版权声明本白皮书版权属于中国信息通信研究院,并受法律保护。转载、摘编或利用其它方式使用本白皮书文字或者观点的,应注明“来源:中国信息通信研究院”。违反上述声明者,本院将追究其相关法律责任。前言车联网涉及汽车、电子、信息通信、交通等多个产业,正处于加速发展的关键阶段。我国应以加快推进车联冈新技术产业化和构建“人-车一路一云”协同的智慧交通体系为切入点,促进跨部门协同,加强法规标准建设、共性技术突破、基础设施改造等重点工作,打造产业新生态,实现新的产业集聚。本白皮书从技术、产业和政策措施三个维度对车联网国内外发展现状及趋势进行分析。技术部分包括单车智能化相关汽车电子技术和V2X无线通信、多接入边缘计算、车路协同平台等网联化相关技术,以及信息安全等共性关键技术;产业部分从专利布局、产业链协同重点剖析产业发展新趋势,探索新生态和新模式等;政策措施部分包括顶层设计规划、协同推进机制、法律法规等;最后总结全文,对车联网融合创新发展提出“1-3”举拮建议,包括构建一个跨行业协调机制和技术创新、产业融合、安全管理三个发展体系目录第一章车联网应用发展需求(一)以用户体验为核心的信息服务类应用(二)以车辆驾驶为核心的汽车智能类应用.(三)以协同为核心的智慧交通类应用第二章车联网技术发展研判(一)汽车电子成为新的战略竞争高地(二)V2X无线通信技术发展进入快车道(三)多接入边缘计算助力车联网全面发展(四)“端-管-云”协同的发展模式初现雏形...(五)车联网安全技术亟待完善第三章车联网产业发展趋势14(一)车联网产业融合发展新趋势........14(二)车联网商业模式发展现状及趋势20第四章政策措施及发展建议...........,...........23(一)美欧日等发达国家普遍重视车联网发展(二)我国支持车联网产业发展的政策措施基础............,,,,24(三)我国车联网产业创新融合发展建议..26图表目录图1车联网专利布局变化趋势.16图2专利企业数量变化趋势图16图3汽车智能化、自动驾驶专利申请企业活跃排名图4谷歌自动驾驶专利布局图5车联网的基本价值链.20图6智慧交通类应用商业模式屮国信息通信研究院车联网白皮书(2018年)第一章车联网应用发展需求当前,车联网技术发展和服务能力不断提升,借助于人、车、路云平台之间的全方位连接和信息交互,催生了大量新的产品应用。狭义的车联网应用通常指车载信息服务类应用,即通过车辆把车主与各种服务资源整合在一起;广义的车联网应用还包括面向交通的安全效率类应用以及以自动驾驶为基础的协同服务类应用。新应月也对汽车交通的智能化与网联化水平提出了新的发展需求,引领车联网技术与产业发展,促进城市数字化与智能化发展。车联网应用从不同的视角有不同的分类方式。根据联网技术不同,可以分为车内网、车际网和车云网应用;根据车联网应用对象不同,可以分为单用户应用以及行业应用两大类,行业应用又进一步分为企业应用和政府应用等;根据需求对象不同,可以分为自动驾驶、安全出行、效率出行、交通管理、商业营运、涉车服务等应用。无论哪种应用分类方式,都基本涉及到以用户体验为核心的信息服务类应用、以车辆驾驶为核心的汽车智能化类应用和以协同为核心的智慧交通类应用。(一)以用户体验为核心的信息服务类应用此类应用既包括提高驾乘体验、实现欢乐出行的基础性车载信息类应用,也包括与车辆上路驾驶、车辆出行前或岀行后的涉车服务后市场服务、车家服务等应用。该类应用需要车辆具备基本的联网通信能力和必要的车辆基础状态感知能力。基础性车载信息类应用仍是当前车联网主要应用形态,主要涉及车联网白皮书(2018年)屮国信息通信研究院车主的前台式互动体验,包含导航、娱乐、通信、远程诊断和救援、资讯等。目前很多车辆三加装车载模块,用户可以通过车载网联化获得信息服务,包括在线导航、娱乐等多媒体服务。随着语音识别、人眼动作识别等技术的逐步发展,车载信息类应用将更加丰富。涉车服务主要与定位、支付相结合,包括共享汽车、网约车、网租车等应用。汽车后市场服务主要有汽车保险、车辆维护延保、车辆美容、二手车交易等应用,随着汽车保有量增速的放缓,后市场服务应用价值将获得更多关注。车家服务主要通过基于位置、时间、日期等信息来智能化判定车主行为习惯,创建相应规则为车主提供智能家居系统服务应用,包括家用电器远程遥控等(二)以车辆驾驶为核心的汽车智能类应用此类应用主要与车辆行驶过程中的智能化相关,利用车上传感器,随时感知衎驶中的周围环境,收集数据、动静态辨识、侦测与追踪,并结合导航地图数据,进行系统运算与分析,主要有安全类和效率类等各种应用。安全类应用与车辆行驶安全及道路通行效率息息相关,有助于避免交通事故的发生。目前,依靠单车感知的安全驾驶辅助系统等传统应用处于快速成长期,在中低端车型渗透率将会逐步提升。同时,随着网联技术的不断成熟和推广,出现了更多安全预警类应用。例如,通过网联技术,行驶在高速公路等快速路段的前车,在感知到事故后可提早通知后面车辆事詼信息,避免连环追尾事故。效翠类应用主要是通过车车、车路信息交互,实现车辆和道路基屮国信息通信研究院车联网白皮书(2018年)础设施智能协同,有助于缓解交通拥堵、降低车辆排放等。典型应用有交叉路口智能信号灯、自适应巡航增强、智能停车管理等。例如,交叉路口智能信号灯应用通过网联技术来收集周边车辆速度、位置等信息,对信号灯参数进行动态优化,提高交叉路口车辆通行效率。(三)以协同为核心的智慧交通类应用此类应用是在自动驾驶的基础上,与多车管理调度及交通环境等智慧交通相关,最终支持实现城市大脑智能处置城市运行和治理协同。智慧交通主要是基于无线通信、传感探测等技术,实现车、路、环境之间的大协同,以缓解交通环境拥堵、提高道路环境安全、达到优系统资源为目的。在实现高等级自动驾驶之后,应用场景将由限定区域向公共交通体系拓展。在相对封闭的环境或危险地带场景中,因物理空间有限,行驶路况、线路、行驶条件等因素相对稳定,重复性高,通过独立云端平台协同度管理,采用固定路线、低速运行、重复性操作的应用更容易成熟落地。典犁应用有对园区、景区、机场、校园等限定区域内的自动驾驶巴士进行调度、港口专用集装箱智能运输等。在公共交通系统场景下,车辆的路径规划和行为预测能力对车辆的智能化和网联化水平提出了更高要求,需要更完善的自动驾驶控制策略、行驶过程全覆盖的5GV2X网联技术以及云平台的高效衔接调度。该类应用除依赖技术突破,还涉及到伦理、法规等,距实际成熟应用尚需时日,如自动驾驶出租车、自动驾驶公交车、智能配送等。车联网白皮书(2018年)屮国信息通信研究院第二章车联网技术发展研判车联网发展的热点聚焦网联化和智能化,并由单车智能逐步转向多车办同、以及“智慧的车”与“智慧的路”协同发展,这对车联网技术创新和产品研发提出了新的发展需求。汽车电子、2X无线通信、多接入边缘计算、云平台以及安全等为车联网网联化、智能化、协同化发展提供了坚实的技术基础。近年来,全球汽车产业快速增长,汽车电子成为产业增长的重要引擎,通过人机交互、汽车功能提升等方式提升驾驶体验。此外,自动驾驶等协同应用成为汽车巳子发展的重要方向。V2X无线通信技术旨在将“人-车-路-云”等交通参与要素有机地联系在一起,不仅可以为交通安全和效率类应用提供通信基础,还可以将车辆与其他车辆、行人、路侧设施等交通元素有机结合,弥补了单车智能的不足,推动了协巨式应用服务发展。多接入边缘计算可以有效解决未来网络高带宽、低时延、高可靠需求以及大规模终端连接等要,支持多种终端接入方式,有效提升道路的智能化水平云平台能够为未来的协同交通体系提供统一的数据采集、智能决策及控制执行等基础支撑,继而将整个车联网要素连接成一个整体。车联网安全形势紧迫,需要在车载终端安全、数据交互安全、平台信息安全和隐私保护等方面开展关键技术攻关及产品研制,形成贯穿于车联风“端-管-云”全链条的综合安全体系。(一)汽车电子成为新的战略竞争高地全球汽车产业增速放缓,汽车电子成为产业增长的重要引擎。据
- 2020-12-09下载
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