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数据可视化的基本原理与方法.pdf

第一篇　基础知识第1章　图像/视频基础知识第2章　图像缩放第3章　图像质量增强基本技术第4章　超分辨率复原技术第二篇　基于重建的超分辨率复原第5章　基于重建的图像超分辨率复原技术概述第6章　凸集投影和最大后验概率估计第7章　基于mrf模型的map图像超分辨率复原第8章　基于梯度矢量流约束的图像超分辨率复原第9章　基于对象的监控视频超分辨率复原第10章　基于权值矩阵的超分辨率盲复原第11章　基于小波变换域的超分辨率复原第12章　基于单帧高分辨率图像的视频序列超分辨率复原第三篇　基于学习的超分辨率复原第13章　基于学习的超分辨率复原技术概述第14章　基于示例学习

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文件包含vmware workstation15源安装程序与激活秘钥文件

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RS纠错编码原理及其实现方法。Zhengzhou Oriole Xinda Electronic Information Cc., Ltd前言随着越来越多的系统采用数字技术来实现,纠错编码技术也得到了越来越广泛的应用。RS码既可以纠正随机错误,又可以纠正突发错误,具有很强的纠错能力,在通信系统中应用广泛。近些年来,随着软件无线电技术的发展,RS编码、译码一般都在通用的硬件平台上实现。通常采用基于FPGA的ⅦHDL编码硬件实现,或者在DSP、单片机上用C和汇编编程软件实现。RS纠错编码涉及的领域很广,特别是设计到很多数学知识。这对那些对数学不太感冒的工程技术人员来书是个不小的挑战。尽管讲RS编码的书籍很多但是那些书都是采用循序渐进,逐步引人的方式从汉明码到循环码,从循环码到BCH码,BCH码再引入悶S码。对亍工程技术人员他们需要的是简明扼要的讲解,和详细的实现方法。本人写这篇文章的宗旨就是尽量最简单的语言最简短的篇幅来讲RS纠错编码原理,把重点来放在实现方法上。为了便于读者仿真,本文采样MLAB程序实现,程序尽量符合硬件C语言写法,读者经过简单修改即可应用到工程中去。本文读者对象本文是为那些初识瑙编码的学生、工程技术人员而写,并不适合做理论研究,如果你是纠错编码方面的学者、专家,那么本文并不适合你。由于作者水平有限,错误在所难免,恳请读者批评指正。不得更改陈文礼2008-01于郑州Zhengzhou Oriole Xinda Electronic Information Cc., Ltd必备的一些代数知识1、在纠错编码代数中,把以二进制数字表示的一个数据系列看成一个多项式。例如二进制数字序列1010111,可以表示成:M(x)=ax+a5x0+a5不5+a+4 TasK +ax+a,x+ank式中的x表示代码的位置,或某个二进制数位的位置,X前面的系数表示码的值。若a;是一位二进制代码,则取值是0或1。dM()称为信息代码多项式多项式次数称系数不为0的x的最高次数为多项式/(x)的次数,记为Of(x)2、域域在R编码理论中起着至关重要的作用。简单点说域GF(2)有2设2个符号[0,n,a2…22且具有以下性质域中的每个元素都可以用a",a,a2,om的和来表示。a←la为本原多项式p(x)的根。运算规则有:在纠错编码运算过程中,加减、乘和除的运算是在伽罗华域中进行。现以GF(2)域中运算为例:加法例:a+a=0010+0110101(模2加法相当于0005与011或减法运算与加法相同乘法例:a·a0=a(8+10)modl5除法例:cs/a0=a-2=a-2+5=a不理解没关系,下面的例子也许对你有帮助。例:mF=4,p(x)=x4+x+1求GF(2")的所有元素因为a为p(x)的根得到a4+a+1=0或a4=a+1(根据运算规则)Zhengzhou Oriole Xinda Electronic Information Cc., Ltd由此可以得到域的所有元素元素二进制对应十进制对应码值000000101000a+100l⊥0110a(a+1)=a+a(mod p(a))12a(a+a=a+a(mod p(a)1011a(a+l(modula))+a+1)10C(a+1=a+a(mod p(a )a(a23+a)a+I(mod p(a)1110a(a+a+D=aa+a(modp(a)tatI(mod p(a))11a(a3+a2+a+1)=a34a2+1(modp(a)1001a(a+a+1=a+l(mod p(a)a(a+1=l(mod(a))由此可以看岀本原多项式是求解域的全部元素的关键。读者也许会有这样的疑问我们如何得到p(x)呢?本原多城式p(x)的特性是2+得到的余式等于0O(X由于作者也是工程技术人员,具体怎么得到p(x),也没有深究过。Zhengzhou Oriole Xinda Electronic Information Cc., Ltd作者在设计RS编码时候都是根据 MATLAB指令rsgeηpoly来得到p(x)。其格式为 rsgenpoly(n,k)参数n为码长一般n=2"-1,k为信息码元个数。例如m4,码长n=15,信息码元长度为9GF(2)的本原多项式可以根据指令>>rsgenpoly(15, 9)得到ans= GF(2 4)array. Primitive polynomial =D 4+D+1 (19 decimal)有读者来信问:我要做一个(158的RS编码,在 MATLAB中输入命令 rsgenpoly(158,128),结果MAB报错Error using =- rsgenpolyN must equal 2m-1 for some integer m这里做一下解释我们S编码时普先要根据码长选取mλ选择原则是2若码长为6那么我们可以选择n=8, rsgenpey命令的第少个参数必须为2"-1,第二个参数司以随便选择只要小于2”-1就形了在此给出m∈(2,16)的所有本原多项式(m=2)P[m+1]={1,1,1}/米1+x+x3*/P[m+1]-{1,1,0,1}/米1+x+x4*/P[m11]={1,1,0,0,1}/米1+x2+x5*/P|m+1={1,0,1,0,0,1};Zhengzhou Oriole Xinda Electronic Information Cc., Ltd(m=6)/米1+x+x6*/P[m+1]={1,1,0,0,0,0,1}7)/来1+x3+x7*P[m+1]={1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1}(m=8)/米14x2+x31x4+x8*/P[m+1]-{1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1/*1+x4+x9半P[m1]={1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,(m=10)/1+x3+x10*/P|m+1={1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,/*1+x2+x11P[m+1]={1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}(m=12)/*1+x+x4+x6+x12P[m+1]-{1,1,0,0,、1,0,0,(m=13)/*1+x+x^3+x4+x^13*/P[m+1]={1,1,0,1,1,0,0,00,0,1};(m=14)/*1+x+x6+x10+x14来P[m+1]={1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1}(m=15)/米14x+x15*/P[m+1]={1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1};(m=16)/*1+x+x3+x12+x16*/P[m+1]={1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1};Zhengzhou Oriole Xinda Electronic Information Cc., Ltd二、线性分组码的一些基本概念1、线性分组码一般用(n,)或(n,k,d)表示n为码长,k为信息码元的数目,n-k为监督码元的数目。d表示码元距离。定义:两个码组上对应位置上数字不同的个数称为码组的距离。发送的码字C=(1,C2C3,…C接收的矢量r=(,2,信道错误图样:e=c+r例如c=(1,1,0,0,0)(1,0,001)e=(1+1,1+0,0+0,0+0,0+1)(0,1,0,0,1)从而可以看出从左端起第2位和第5位是错误的2、校验矩阵概念码长为n,信息数为k,监督数为r。这样的一组码形式为:m:m2,P,P2Pm表示第个信息码,P表示第j个校验码各个校验码可从下列线性方程组求得hm+h2m2+…+n+1B1+012+0h2m1+2m2+…+h2m+0p1p20hmn+h,2m2+…+hm+O+0+…+1p,=0式中h;是常数校验方程组可写成校验矩阵100h21h2…,h2k010h000该矩阵具有r行和n列故式(1-1)可以写成c=0或c=08Zhengzhou Oriole Xinda Electronic Information Cc., LtdH矩阵称为[n,k,r码的校验矩阵。发送矢量为C接收矢量为F若rH≠0则说明接收到的码有错误。设错误图样为e则可写成以下关系式r=c+e为了纠错必须知道那些位上存在错误。这可由校正子(又称伴随式)s来确定s=rH=cH +eh=eh译码器的主要任务就是如何从中得到最像e的错误图样e从而译出c=r-e设第讠个是错误的因此e=(00..0第个有错误s=rH=(00…0、100000)00计算出的矢量示出i是出错误的位置。3、生成矩阵概念生成矩阵G,它是一个k行,n列的矩阵若已知信息组m,通过生存矩阵可求得相应的码字。c=mxG(m是k个信息元组成的信息组)这个应该比较容易理解,在此就不做过多解释。、RS码的一些重要性质1、RS码生成多项式:码长n=2”-1,监督元数目r=n-k=2t,能纠正t个错误。Zhengzhou Oriole Xinda Electronic Information Cc., Ltd定义:在(n,k,d)的RS码中,存在唯一的n-k次多项式g(x),使得每一个码多项式c(x)都是g(x)的倍式。g(x)称为n,k,d]RS码的生成多项式一般情况下g(x)=(x-a)(x-a2)…(x-a2)2、定理:在GF(2m)中,每个非0元素(1,a,a2…a22)均满足x2=1,反之x21-1=0的根必在GF(2")中。所以x-1=(x-a)(x-a)x3、RS码的校验多项式由于生成多项式g(x)是x-1的因式g(rh(g(x)为n-k次多项式,则h(x)为k次多项式,k3x+g)hx+…+x+4)由右式可以看出x"1,x2,x的系数均等于0即gg0010h1+g1bo=0g0h+g1h11+…+8nkh2(2k)=0∴.+n-kk-10n-kk式中g0+81h1+…+8nkh1(n=k)(表示X的系数10

目前能找到的cpci express总线的标准ContentsIntroduction1.1 Statement of Compliance131.2 Terminology131.3 Applicable Documents181.4 Objectives…191.5 Name and Logo Usage....翻1E,B面201.5.1 Logo Use201.5.2 Trademark polic201.6 Intellectual Property211.7 Special Word Usage221.8 Connectors1.8.1 Legacy CompactPCI Connectors221.8.2 High -Speed Advanced differential Fabric Connectors1.83 UPM Power Connectors∴…251.8.3.1 System Slot/Board and Type 1 Peripheral Slot/Board.251.8.3.2 Switch Slot/ Board261.8.4 eHM C271.8.5 CompactPCI Pluggable Power Supply Connector271.9 Slot and board descriptions281.9.1 Connector Reference Designators...............311.9.2 System Slot and Board1.9.3 Type 1 Peripheral Slot and Board321.9.4 Type 2 Peripheral Slot and Board331.9.5 Hybrid Peripheral slot351.9.6 Legacy Slot1.9.7 Switch Slot and board.36197.13uSwitchSlotandboard.wwwwwww.361.9.7.2 6U Switch Slot and board371.10 EXample Configurations402 Mechanical Requirements452.1 Mechanical Overview452.2 DrayStandard452.3 Units452.4 Keepout Zones452.5 Connector Requirements.452.5.1 ADF Connectors452.5.1.1 Board connectors452.5.1.3 Backplane Connectors with Hot-Plug Suppor o2.5.1.2 Backplane Connectors without Hot-Plug Support46462.5.2 eHM Connectors462.5.2.1 Board Connector Type Designation.462.5.2.2 Backplane Connectors without Hot-Plug Support .........462.5.2.3 Backplane Connectors with Hot-Plug Support..... 462.5.3 UPM Connectors462.5.3.1 Backplane Connectors…………462.5.3.2 Board Connectors without Hot-Plug Support47PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification2.5.3.3 Board Connectors with Hot-Plug Support2.5.4 HM Connectors472.5.5 47-Position Pluggable Power Supply Connector472.6 Chassis Subrack Requirements472.7 Backplane Requirements472.7.1 3U Backplane Dimensions and Connector Locations....... 472.7.2 6U Backplane Dimensions and Connector Locations2.8 Slot Numbering and Glyphs512.9 Board Requirements2.9.1 3U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations512.9.2 6U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations2.9.3 3U Switch board dimensions and connector locations wwm. 5429.4 6U Switch board dimensions and connector locations.552.9.5 Board pcb thickness562.9.6 ESD Discharge Strip562.9.7 ESD Clip562.9.8 Front Panels562.9.9 CompactPcI Express logo572.9.10 PMC/XMC Support….5729.11 Cross sectional vi582.9.12 Component Outline and Warpage582.9.13 Solder Side Cover(Optional)582. 9.14 Component Heights2.9. 15 System Slot Identification592.10 Rear-Panel 1/0 Board Requirements592.10.1 3U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions592.10.2 6U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions3 Electrical Requirements623. 1 Signal Definitions623.1.1 PCI Express Signals.623.1.1.1 PCI EXpress Transmit SigInaIs3.1.1.2 PCI Express Receive Signals623.1.1.3 Interconnect Definition633.1.1.3.1 Link definit633.1.1.3.2 Link Grouping.633.1.1.4 Electrical B643. 1.1.4.1 AC Coupling653.1.1.4.2 Insertion loss653.1.1.4.3 Crosstab‖k3.1.1.4,4 Lane-to-Lane skew3.1.1. 4.5 Equalization673.1.1.4.6 Skew within the Differential Pair(Intra-PairSkew)3.1.1.5 Jitter Budget Allocation683.1.1.5.1 Random Jitter(Rj)683.1.1.5.2 System Level Jitter Distribution693.1.1.5.3 Interconnect Jitter Budget693.1.1.5.4 Eye Patterns703. 1.1.5.5 Type 2 Peripheral Transmitter Eye4PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specification3.1.1.5.6 Controller Transmitter Eye3.1.1.5.7 Type 2 Peripheral Receiver Eye3.1.1.5. 8 Controller Receiver eye743.1.1.5. 9 Backplane Compliance Testing3.1.1.5. 10 Alternative Controller tX measurement.wm.773.1.1.6 Reference Clock783.1.1.6.1Hot-Pug…...….783.1.1.6.2 Clock Fan-Out..793. 1.1.6.3 Clocking dependencies3. 1.1.6.4 AC-Coupling and Biasing793.1.1.6.5 Routing length803. 1.1.6.6 Reference Clock Specification813.1.1.6.7 REFCLK Phase Jitter Specification3.1.2ESD853.1.35VauX.853.1.4 SMBI3.1.4.1 SMBus " Back Powering Considerations883.1.4.2 Backplane Identification and Capability Using SMBus. 883.1.5 PWRBTN# Signal943.1.6 PS ON# Signal.943.1.7 PWR OK Signal.......953.1.8 WAKE# Signal3.1.8. 1 Implementation Note983.1. 9 PERST# Signal993.1.9.1 nitial Power-Up(G3toL0)……………………1003.1.9.2 Power Management States(so to S3/S4 to so)1013.1.9.3 Power down1023.1.10 SYSEN# Signal…1033.1.11 Geographical Addressing1033. 1. 12 LINKCAP Signal1043.1.13/OPin1043.1.14 Reserved pins1043.2 Hot-Plug Support.1043.2.1 Hot-Plug sub-System Architecture1043.2.2 Power enable1073.2.3 Wake#1083.2.4 Module Power good1083.2.5 Present detection1083.2.6 System Management Bus1083.2.7 System Management Bus alert1083.2.8 Attention LED1093.2.9 Attention Switch1093.2.10 DC Specifications1093.3 Backplane Connector Pin Assignments1093.3.1 System SI3.3.1.1 4-Link Configuration1103.3.1.2 2-Link Combination Configuration3.3.2 Peripheral Slot I ype 11133.3. 3 Peripheral Slot Type 2.1153.3.4 Hybrid Peripheral slot.1153.3.5 Legacy slot117PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification3.3.6 Switch Slot1173.3.6.1 3U Switch Slot3.3.6.2 6U Switch Slot x4 Link width1183.3.6.3 6U Switch Slot--X8 Link Width.1213.4 Power Supply Requirements…1233.4.1 Current Available1233.4.2 Regulation and Ripple and noise1243.4.3 Backplane Power Decoupling1243. 4.4 Power Supply Timing1243.4.5 Additional Power Requirements for Boards SupportingHot-Ppluc1254 Keying Requirements4Legacy Slots and Legacy boards12642 eHM Ke126A CompactPCI Express Advanced Differential Fabric Connector......129A 1 General data129A 1.1 Objective of this document.129A.1.2Scope129A.1.3 Intended Method of mounting129A 1. 4 Ratings and characteristics130A.1.5 Normative references130A.1.6 Markings……131A 1.7 Type Designation国131A.1.8 Ordering Information132A 1. 9 Special Connector LoadingsA2 Technical InformationA.2.1 Contacts and terminations133A 3 Dimensional Information134A.3.1 Isometric view and common features.134A 3.2 Engagement Information134A.3. 2.1 Electrical Engagement Length134A.3.2.2 First Contact point135A 3.2.3 Perpendicular to Engagement direction135A.3.2.4 Inclination135A 3.3 Backplane Connectors136A 3.3.1 Dimensions1136A.3.3.2 Contacts136A.3.3.3 Contact Tip Geometry…………137A.3.3,4 Terminations137A. 3. 4 Front board connectors wwwwwwwwwww138A,3. 4. Dimensions.138A 3.4.2 Terminations138A 3.5 Mounting Information for Backplane Connectors138A. 3.5. 1 Hole Pattern on Backplanes139A 3.5.2 Backplane Contact Positional Requirements139A.3.5.3 True position of male contacts.139A.3.6 Mounting Information for Front Board Connectors.140A 3.6.1 Hole Pattern on Printed boards140A 4 Characteristics1416PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specificationA.4.1 Climatic Category141A 4.1.1 Climatic Category Test batch P: Initial EXamination .....141A 4.1.2 Climatic Category Test Batch A: Mechanical Tests.. 141A 4.1.3 Climatic Category Test Batch B: Harsh Environments. 144A.4.1.4 Climatic Category Test Batch C: Damp Heat146A 4.1.5 Climatic Category Test Batch D: ExtendedEnvironmental Tests147A 4.1.6 Climatic Categary Test Batch E: ExtendedEnvironmental Tests148A.4.2 Electrical characteristics148A.4.2.1 Impedance148A 4.2.2 Crosstalk149A.4.2.3 Propagation Delay149A42.4 Differential skew..149A 4.25 Insertion Loss149BEnriched hard-Metric ConnectorB. 1 General data国面国B150B. 1. 1 Objective of this document150B.1.2 Description of the Connector,s Approach150B.1.3 Descriptive Partitions Found Further This document150B 1.4 Normative References15B 1.4.1 Primary references describing the generic Part ofthe co151B.1.42Additionalreferenceswwwwwww.15B.1.5 Intended Method of Mounting151B 1.6 Markings.152B.1.7 Type Designation(General)152B2 Technical Information∴152B 2.1 Definitions152B 2.2 Contacts152B 2.3 Contact Performance Level154B 2.4 Keying154B.2.4.1 Mating rules155B.2.4.2 Examples for mating and nonmating configurations . 156B.2.5 Type Designation156B 2.6 Applicational Information157B 2.6.1 Alignment and Gathering157B26.2 Polarization翻面面∴158B3 Dimensional InformationQB.3.1 General158B.3.2 View and common features158B3.3 Remarks on Mating Properties of eHM Connector…………159B 3. 4 Fixed Board connector160B 3.4.1 Dimensions160B 3.4.2 TerminationsB.3.4.3 Mounting Information for Fixed Board Connectors..161B 3. 4.4 Hole pattern on fixed board161B.3.4 5 Position of connectors on fixed board∴161B 3.5 Free board connectors162B 3.5.1 Dimensions162B 3.5.2 Termination163PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design TO/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specificationB.3.5.3 Mounting Information for Free Board Connectors. .......163B 3.5.4 Hole pattern on free board163B 3.5.5 Position of connectors on front board163B4 Characteristics81.163B.4.1 Climatic Category∴163B 4.2 Electrical Characteristics163B.4.2. 1 Creepage and clearance Distances163B 4.2.2 Voltage Proof164B.4.2. 3 Current-Carrying Capacity.164B.4.2.4 Contact resistance.……164B 4.2.5 Insulation Resistance.164B 4.3 Mechanica164B.4.3.1 Mechanical Operation.164B.4.3.2 Engaging and Separating Forces164B 4.3.3 Contact retesert164B 4.3.4 Static Load. Transverse.164B 4.3.5 Gauge Retention Force.164B 4.3.6 Vibration(Sinusoidal.164B 4.3.7 Shock164B 4.3.8 Polarization method165B.4.3.9 Robustness and effectiveness of coding device .........165B.4.3.9.1 Conditions According to IEC60512-7,Test 13e....B165B 5 Test schedule165B.6 Quality Assessment Procedures…………….…..….…......…...165c Universal Power Connector(UPM)166C 1 General data.I....8.4.4面面面..166C.1.1 Objective of this document166C2 Dimensions167C 3 Perpendicular to Engagement Direction169C4 Inclination169C 5 Mounting Information169C 6 Climatic Category.171Figuresg1-1 HM Connectors231-2 Advanced Differential Fabric(ADF) Connector241-3 UPM Power Connector for System and Type 1 Peripheral Slots/Boards..251-4PowerConnectorforswitchslots/boardswwwwww.26-5 eHM Connector1-647- Position CompactS| Pluggable Power Supply Connector……….281-7 CompactPCI Express 3U Slot Examples29-8 Compact PCI Express 6u Slot Examples301-9 System Board311-10 System Slot321-11 Type 1 Peripheral Board321-12 Type 1 Peripheral Slot.331-13 Type 2 Peripheral Board-14 Type 2 Peripheral Slot34PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specification1-15 Hybrid Peripheral slot351-16 Boards Supported By Hybrid Peripheral Slots361-17 3 Switch Board371-18 3 Switch Slot371-19 6U Switch board38-20 6U Switch Slot391-21 Backplane with Hybrid Peripheral Slots and Legacy Slots401-22 Backplane with all Hybrid Peripheral Slots411-23 Backplane with Type 2 and Hybrid Peripheral Slots421-24 3U Backplane with Switch, System, Type 1, and Type 2 Slots1-256 U Backplane with Switch, System,Type1, and type2S∴………43442-1 Backplane Overall Dimensions482-2 30 Backplane connector Locations492-3 6U Backplane Connector Locations502-4 board compatibility glyphs2-5 Glyph for Boards that Operate in Either System or Peripheral Slots512-6 Slot Compatibility Glyphs……512-7 3U System, Type 1, and Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations522-8 6U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and Connector Locations...532-9 3 Switch board Dimensions and connector locations542-106uswItchboarddimensionsandconnectorlocations..w.wwwwww.552-11 Modification to PCB to Support Thicker Boards562-12 CompactPCI Express Logo572-13 Alternate CompactPC| Express Logo....….….…572-14 Approximate Clearance Between the PMC/XMC PCB and the aDFConnector………………..572-15 Board cross-Sectional view82-16 3U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions,602-17 6U Rear-Panel l/o Board Dimensions613-1 2-Link and Loss definition643-2 Backplane Connector Footprint683-3 Interconnect jitter allocation703-4 Peripheral TX Eye Mask723-5 Controller TX eye Mask733-6 Peripheral RX Eye Mask743-7 Controller RX Eye Mask753-8 Backplane TX Compliance signal763-9 Backplane RX Eye…763-10 Alternative Controller measurement783-11 Biasing for HCSL Clock Input3-12 Biasing Simulation Results.803-13 Single-Ended Measurement for swing.833-14 Single-Ended Measurement Points for delta cross point833-15 Single-Ended Measurement Points for Rise and Fall Time Matching ..........833-16 Differential Measurement Points for Duty Cycle and Period833-17 Differential measurement points for rise and fall time843-18 Differential Measurement Points for Ringback843-19 Eight-Slot Backplane Example913-20 Power Supply Timing95PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification3-21 WAKE Rise and fall time measurement points983-22 WAKE# Circuit Example93-23 Power Up…1013-24 Power Management states1023-25 Power down1033-26 Typical Hot-Plug Interface Implementation1063-27 4-Link Configuration Backplane Example1103-28 2-Link Combination Configuration backplane example112A-1 Sample Part Number with Explanation132A-2 Special Connector Loading 01001面着国面国B面面国33A-3 View of connectors with common features134A-4 Connector Mating Sequence35A-5 Dimensional Drawing of Backplane Connector.136A-6 Contact Geometry for Zone 2 Backplane Connector137A-7 Dimensional Drawing of Front Board Connectors138A-8 Hole Requirements for backplane Connector139A-9 Backplane Pin Contact Positional Tolerance ................................................140A-10 Hole Requirements for the Front Board Connector140B-1 View of Fixed and Free Board Keying Design(Left Perspective, RightDetailed).……155B-2 View of a Mating and a Non-Mating Keying Combination156B-3 View of fixed and free Board connectors..158B-4 View of Fixed Board connector Including polarization Feature.......159B-5 Dimensional drawing of Fixed board eHM connector160B-6 Hole Requirements for eHM on Fixed Board161B-7 Dimensional drawing of eHM Free Board connector…162B-8 Hole Requirements for eHM Free Board Connector............163C-1 UPM-F-7 Female 7-Position power connector dimensional information 167C-2 UPM-F-5 Female 5-Position Power Connector Dimensional Information ....168C-3 Male 7-Position power connector dimensional information168C-4 UPM-M-5 Male 5-Position Power connector dimensional Information169C-5 Hole pattern for 7-Row male uPm Power connector169C-6 Hole pattern for 5-Row male UPM Power connector170C-7 Hole pattern for female 7-Row uPm Power connector..170C-8Holepatternforfemale5-rowuPmpowerconnectorwwww.171Tables3-1 Interconnect Loss Budget Type 1 Peripheral3-2 Interconnect Loss Budget Type 2 Peripheral653-3 Allowable Interconnect Lane-to-Lane skew673-5 Interconnect Jitter buaget on3-4 Total System Jitter Distribution......69703-6 Type 2 Peripheral Transmitter Eye............713-7 Controller TX Compliance Eye Requirements723-8 Type 2 Peripheral RX Compliance Eye Requirements..733-9 Controller RX compliance Eye Requirements743-10 Backplane TX Compliance Signal (Signal Generator)753-11 Backplane RX compliance eye7610PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specification

Concepts in Programming Languages by John Mitchell.一本国外经典教材，看了之后对编程语言更加理解。费了很多劲才找到的。Concepts in Programming LanguagesThis textbook for undergraduate and beginning graduate students explains and examines the central concepts used in modern programminglanguages, such as functions, types, memory management, and controlThe book is unique in its comprehensive presentation and comparisonof major object-oriented programming languages. Separate chapters ex-amine the history of objects, Simula and Smalltalk, and the prominentanguages c++ and JavaThe author presents foundational topics, such as lambda calculus anddenotational semantics, in an easy-to-read, informal style, focusing on themain insights provided by these theories. Advanced topics include concurrency and concurrent object-oriented programming. A chapter on logicprogramming illustrates the importance of specialized programming meth-ods for certain kinds of problemsThis book will give the reader a better understanding of the issuesand trade-offs that arise in programming language design and a betterappreciation of the advantages and pitfalls of the programming languagesthey useJohn C. mitchell is Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University,where he has been a popular teacher for more than a decade. Many of hisformer students are successful in research and private industry. He received his ph D. from mit in 1984 and was a member of technical staff atat&T Bell Laboratories before joining the faculty at Stanford. Over thepast twenty years, Mitchell has been a featured speaker at internationalconferences; has led research projects on a variety of topics, includingprogramming language design and analysis, computer security, and applications of mathematical logic to computer science; and has written morethan 100 research articles. His previous textbook, Foundations for Pro-gramming Languages(MIT Press, 1996), covers lambda calculus, typesystems, logic for program verification, and mathematical semantics ofprogramming languages. Professor Mitchell was a member of the programming language subcommittee of the ACM/ieEE Curriculum 2001standardization effort and the 2002 Program Chair of the aCm principlesof programming languages conferenceCONCEPTS NPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESJohn c. mitchellStanford UniversityCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESSPUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGEThe Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United KingdomCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211 USA477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne vic 3207, AustraliaRuiz de alarcon 13, 28014 Madrid, spainDock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africahttp://www.cambridge.orgo Cambridge university press 2004First published in printed format 2002isBN 0-511-03492-X eBook(adobe readerISBN 0-521-78098-5 hardbackContentsPrefacepage IxPart 1 functions and foundations1 Introduction1.1 Programming Languages1.2 Goals1.3 Programming Language History3561.4 Organization: Concepts and Languages2 Computability2. 1 Partial Functions and computability102.2 Chapter SummaryExercises163 Lisp: Functions, Recursion, and Lists3.1 Lisp History183.2 Good Language design203. 3 Brief Language overview223.4 Innovations in the Design of Lisp253.5 Chapter Summary: Contributions of LispExercises404 Fundamentals484.1 Compilers and syntax484.2 Lambda calculus4.3 Denotational semantics4.4 Functional and Imperative Languages4.5 Chapter SummaryExercisesContentsPart 2 Procedures, Types, Memory Management, and Control5 The algol Family and ML5.1 The Algol Family of Programming Languages5.2 The Development of C5.3 The LCF System and ml5.4 The Ml Programming Language1035.5 Chapter summary121Exercises1226 Type Systems and Type Inference1296.1 Types in Programming1296.2 Type Safety and Type Checking1326.3 Type Inference1356.4 Polymorphism and Overloadin1456.5 Type Declarations and Type Equality1516.6 Chapter Summary155Exercises1567 Scope, Functions, and storage Management1627.1 Block-Structured Languages1627.2 In-Line blocks1657.3 Functions and procedures1707.4 Higher-Order functions1827.5 Chapter summary190Exercises1918 Control in Sequential Languages2048.1 Structured control2048.2 Exceptions2078.3 Continuations2188.4 Functions and evaluation order2238.5 Chapter summary227Exercises8Part 3 Modularity, Abstraction, and object-Oriented Programming9 Data Abstraction and Modularity2359.1 Structured Programming2359.2 Language Support for Abstraction2429.3 Modules9.4 Generic Abstractions2599.5 Chapter Summary269Exercises27110 Concepts in Object-Oriented Languages27710.1 Object-Oriented design27710.2 Four Basic concepts in object-Oriented languages278Contents10.3 Program Structure28810.4 Design Patterns29010.5 Chapter summary29210.6 Looking Forward: Simula, SmalltalkC++Java293Exercises29411 History of objects: Simula and smalltalk30011.1 Origin of Objects in Simula30011.2 Objects in Simula30311.3 Subclasses and Subtypes in Simula30811.4 Development of smalltalk31011.5 Smalltalk Language features31211.6 Smalltalk flexibilit31811.7 Relationship between Subtyping andInheritance2211.8 Chapter SummaryExercises32712 objects and Run-Time Efficiency: C++33712.1 Design goals and Constraints33712.2 Overview of c++34012.3 Classes. Inheritance and Virtual functions34612.4 Subtyping35512.5 Multiple inheritance12.6 Chapter summary366Exercises36713 Portability and Safety: Java38413.1 Java language overview38613.2 Java Classes and Inheritance38913.3 Java Types and Subtyping39613.4 Java System architecture40413.5 Security Features41213.6 Java summary417Exercises420Part 4 Concurrency and Logic Programming14 Concurrent and Distributed Programming43114.1 Basic Concepts in Concurrency43314.2 The actor model44114.3 Concurrent ML14.4 Java concurrency45414.5 Chapter Summary466Exercises469Contents15 The Logic Programming Paradigm and Prolog47515. 1 History of logic Programming15.2 Brief Overview of the logic Programming Paradigm4715. 3 Equations solved by Unification as Atomic Actions15.4 Clauses as Parts of procedure declarations48215.5 Prologs Approach to Programming48615.6 Arithmetic in Prolog49215.7 Control, Ambivalent Syntax, and Meta-Variables49615.8 Assessment of Prolog50515.9 Bibliographic remarks50715.10 Chapter Summary507Appendix a Additional Program Examples509A 1 Procedural and Object-Oriented organization509Glossary521Index525

java 柱形图 饼图 折线图 JFreeChart,里面包含与JFreeChart有关的所有jar包，还有我自己写的例子，通俗易懂！

当解压文件后,请使用MATLAB打开其中的interface.m文件,然后点击运行,就能看到双摆的模拟运动.程序在m文件中..