频谱仪——安捷伦N9010A操作手册
频谱仪的介绍、操作及性能指标,硬件工程师必须学会的测量器件之一。Definitions and conditionsSpecifications describe the performance of parameters covered by the productwarranty and apply to the full temperature of 0 to 55C, unless otherwisenotedGet more Information95th percentile values indicate the breadth of the population (approx. 2 o) of perfor-This EXA signalanalyzer datamance tolerances expected to be met in 95 percent of the cases with a 95 percentsheet is a summary of theconfidence, for any ambient temperature in the range of 20 to 30C. In addition tothe statistical observations of a sample of instruments, these values include thespecifications and conditionseffects of the uncertainties of external calibration references these values are notfor N9010A EXA and N9010AEPwarranted. These values are updated occasionally if a significant change in theExpress EXA signal analyzers.statistically observed behavior of production instruments is observedwhich are available in the EXASignalAnalyzer SpecificationTypical describes additional product performance information that is not covered byGuide(N9010-90025)the product warranty It is performance beyond specifications that 80 percent of theunits exhibit with a 95 percent confidence level over the temperature range 20 toFor ordering informationkrefer30C. Typical performance does not include measurement uncertaintyto the EXA Signal AnalyzerConfiguration GuideNominal values indicate expected performance, or describe product performance59896531Nthat is useful in the application of the product, but are not covered by the productwarrantyThe analyzer will meet its specifications whenIt is within its calibration cycleUnder auto couple control, except when Auto Sweep Time rules= AccySignal frequencies 10 MHZ, with DC coupling appliedThe analyzer has been stored at an ambient temperature within the allowedoperating range for at least two hours before being turned on; if it had previouslybeen stored at a temperature range inside the allowed storage range, but outsidethe allowed operating rangeThe analyzer has been turned on at least 30 minutes with auto align set tonormal, or, if Auto align is set to off or partial, alignments must have been runrecently enough to prevent an Alert message; if the Alert condition is changedfrom Time and Temperature to one of the disabled duration choices, the analyzermay fail to meet specifications without informing the userFor the complete specifications guide, visitwww.agilent.com/find/exaspecifications1. For earlier instruments/Serial number prefix MY/SG/US5052), the full temperature rangesfrom5t50°CFrequency and Time specificationsFrequency rangeDC coupledAC coupledOption 50310 Hz to 3.6 Gh10 MHz to 3. 6 GHzOption 50710 Hz to 7 GH10 MHz to 7 GHzOption 51310 Hz to 13.6 GHz10 MHz to 13.6 ghzOption 52610 Hz to 26.5 GH10 MHz to 26.5 GhzOption 53210 Hz to 32 gHzNAOption 54410 Hz to 44 gHzNABandLO multiple(N)10 Hz to 3. 6 GHz3.5to7.0GH3.5to8.4GH28.4 to 13.6 GHz3135to17.1GH17 to 26.5 GHz5426.4 to 34.5 ghz344t044GHzFrequency referenceAccuracy+l time since last adjustment x aging rate)+ temperature stability t calibrationaccuracyAging rateOption pFrStandardy±1×106/year±15X107/2 yearsTemperature stabilityOption PFrStandard20to30°c±15×108±2×106Full temperature range±5x1±2×10Achievable initial calibration accuracyOption PFrStandard±4x108±1410Example trequency reterence accuracy=±(1×107+5×103+4×10-)(with Option PFR1 year after last adjustment±19x10Residual fmOption pFr
- 2021-05-06下载
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Two Dimensional Phase Unwrapping Theory Algorithms and Software
Two Dimensional Phase Unwrapping Theory Algorithms and Software,扫描文档,清晰度一般。GTWO-DIMENSIONALPHASE UNWRAPPINGTHEORY ALGORITHMSAND SOFTWAREDennis C. ghigliaSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerque, New MexMark D. PrittLockheed Martin CorporationGaithersburg, Maryland藏A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATIONJOHN WILEY SONS, INCNew York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore / Toronto2005060radar interferogram generated byDeathon each pass, The terrain elevations can be computed from thebut the phase differences must fig problem In regions of steeprrupted where there are radar shadow and "layover"effects. Surfaceoccurred between the two passes, which were 24 days apar alsopThis image was acquired as part of a program for the Terrain Modeling Project Officended byEngineering Center. The SAR data was provided by Radarsat Intenational THinterferogram was generated and provided by Vexcel Corporation, Boulder, Coloradop00This text is printed on acid-free paper.Copyright o 1998 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reservedNo part of this publicationreproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem or transmitted in any form or by any means, elechanical photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise,xcept as permitted under Sections 107 or 1O% of the 1976of the Publisher or authorization through payment of theontates Copyright Act, without cither theppropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission show(978)ood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978)750-8400, faxnc.. 605 Third A venue. New York, NY 10158-0012(212)850-6011fax(212)850-6008,E-Mail:PERMREQ@WILEY.COMTwo-dimensional phase unwrapping: theory, algorithms, andsoftware/Dennis C Ghiglia and Mark D Pritt.SBN0-471-24935-1(cloth: alk. paper)1. Synthetic aperture radar. 2. Signal processing--Mathematics3. Interferometry. I Pritt. Mark D. [L. Title621.367-dc2l97-3803410987654321;4TWO-DIMENSIONALPHASE UNWRAPPINGFOREWORDTwo-dimensional phase unwrapping is the type of problem that is typically thedomain of the mathematician. It is both complex and abstract However, phaseunwrapping is also the core technology that enables radar interferometryOver the past decade interferometry has changed the way that we use radardata. Radar data are now used for precise measurement of surface topography inclouded regions. Additionally, spaceborne radar systems have proved effectivefor measuring surface changes from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Theseapplications have created a new class of radar data users primarily involved inmapping and remote sensing applicationIn Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping: Theory, Algorithms, and Softwarethe authors unlock the mystery of phase unwrapping in interferometric datarocessing. This text provides a clear, concise treatment of phase unwrappingthat cannot be found in any other source. It presents for the first time therelationship between theory and application. Its uniform treatment of thevarious phase unwrapping techniques makes it a valuable resource for anyengineer or scientist involved in processing or exploitation of interferometricexpect that radar interferometry will increase in importance over the comingdecade with the development of airborne and spaceborne sensor systemsdesigned to optimally exploit this tcchnology. Two- Dimensionsping: Theory, Algorithms, and Software is an important contribution to ourinderstanding of radar interferometry that will bencfit both research intoadvanced techniques and the design of these future sensor systemsJOHN C. CURLANDEPresident and CEOVexcel CorporationPREFACETwo-dimensional phase unwrapping arises most naturally in, but is notrestricted to, interferometric applications. Measured or calculated phasevalues from two or more mutually coherent multidimensional signals are relatedn a nonlinear manner to a desired physical quantity of interest. The nonlinearityis in the form of"wraps"or cycle discontinuities where an underlying two-dimensional phase is wrapped into the interval (T, r. The wrapped phasemust somehow be unwrapped in order to provide an estimate of the underlyingphysical quantity. Estimation of surface topography from interferometricsynthetic aperture radar(SAR)or extremely accurate profiling of mechanicaparts by optical interferometers are two such examplesOriginally developed for military reconnaissance, SAR is now experiencingnew life in civil applications. In fact civilian and commercial interests are rapidlbecoming the drivers of technology. Clever utilization of the coherent SArimagery in interferometric configurations makes possible the measurement ofsurface topography to accuracies much better than the spatial resolution( 0.3meters to several meters)of the SaR images themselves. Indeed, as is commonplace with interferometers, measurement sensitivities are on the order of theoperating wavelength, which is typically a few centimeters for SAR. Imaginggeometries, noise, and other operational factors degrade performance some-what from centimeter-scale accuracies, but nevertheless SAR interferometrymakes possible global topographic mapping in a timely fashion, in daylight or atnight, in all weather conditions, and with unprecedented accuracyinterferometry also can detect deformations of the earths crust on the orderof millimeters, a capability that shows promise for the timely detection ofearthquakes or volcanic eruptionsThese exciting possibilities have led to an explosive growth in the field of phaseunwrapping as indicated by the increasing number of journal publicationsNewcomers to SAR interferometry and related disciplines will eventuallyonfront the phase unwrapping problem and, undoubtedly, will encounter arather bewildering variety of ideas and algorithms, including those based onneural networks, simulated annealing, cellular automata, genetic algorithms,and other unusual constructs. Which of these are good? Which are not? We doThroughout this book we use the notation(-丌,丌 to represent the interval-丌
- 2020-12-12下载
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