《数字信号处理C语言程序集》 殷福亮 宋爱军
一本非常有用的书：数字信号处理C语言程序集,作者 殷福亮，宋爱军。清晰、完整。网上提供的有些版本残缺不全，存在漏页的情况，我上传的这个经仔细检查，不存在类似问题。本书内容十分丰富，紧贴工程应用实际，非常实用。提供了大量的函数及其源代码，利于读者参考。实在是不可多大的一本好书，你值得拥有！本书的具体内容不在此赘述，大家很容易百度得到的。图书在版编目(CIP)数据数字信号处理C语程序集/殷福亮、宋爱乍主编,-沈阳:辽宁科学学技术出版社,1997.7ISBN7-5381-25213数殷…Ⅲ.C语言-数学信号-信号处理应用程序Ⅳ.TN没1.72中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(97)第03286号辽宁科学技术出版社出版沈阳市和平区北马路1(8号邮政编码110001)地方国营新民印刷总厂印刷新华书店北京发行所发开本:787×10921/16印张:28字数:710.0001997年7月第1版1997年7月第1次印刷责任编辑:马旭东版式设计:于浪封面设计;邹君文责任校对:东戈印数:15,0(0定价:30.00元目录第一篇常用数字信号的产生第一章数字信号的产生§1.1均匀分布的随机数baaa‘·aa·a··‘s4···‘44‘4··44·····4··-···§1.2正态分布的随机数…§1.3指数分布的随机数…………·······◆÷·············:§1.4拉普拉斯( Laplace)分布的随机数单·鲁。非号。非●着鲁鲁导●·。香§1.5瑞利( Rayleigh)分布的随机数……………………………………9§1.6对数正态分布的随机数………:11§L.7柯西( Cauchy)分布的随机数………·…·.13§1.8韦伯( Weibul)分布的随机数……15§1.9爱尔朗( Erlang)分布的随机数………………17§1.10贝努里( Bernoulli1)分布的随机数………●看鲁ψ鲁曹●自●喜鲁。由看看自命曲D自看19§1.11贝努里高斯分布的随机数·●中·······甲§1.12二项式分布的随机数……§1.13泊松( Poisson)分布的随机数§1·14ARMA(pq)模型数据的产生命●·p·看D●·看·。普。··●曲也。b§1.15含有高斯白噪声的正弦组合信号的产生…………§1.16解析信号的产生………35第二篇数字信号处理第一章快速傅立叶变换…"39§1.1离散傅立叶变换……§1.2快速傅立叶变换鲁鲁··音····着·D。·协。中·咖4卡4●音备·由画口省画曲命··44§1.3基4快速傅立叶变换………●4bb●■·即·●··。···鄂甲,银●看§1.4分裂基快速傅立叶变换………………………………57§1·5实序列快速傅立叶变换(-)….°°··.·····“···。61§1.6实序列快速傅立叶变换(二)……§1.7用一个N点复序州的FFT同时计算两个N点实序列离散傅立叶变换…。b自4血者b自晶。aa·70§I.8共轭对称序列的快速傅立叶反变换73§1.9紊因子快速傅立叶变换…………………………………………80§1.10 Chirp乙-变换算法…………………………………96第二章快速离散正交变换…§2.1快速哈特莱( Hartley)变换…………………………§2.2基4快速哈待莱( Hartley)变换§2.3分裂基快速哈特莱( Hartley)变换…§2.4快速离散余弦变换……15§2.5快速离散余弦反变换…………····自··非·中中····曹...·.118§2.6N=8点快速高散余弦变换·······…··…·121§27N=8点快速离散余弦反变换●鲁鲁·香垂香●鲁§28快速离散正弦变换…………………………129§2.9快速沃尔什( Walsh)变换…133§2.10快速希尔伯特变换(一)………………鲁·鲁音辛章·看·争●·●自章·自··137§2.11快速希尔伯特变换(二)…141第三章快速卷积与相关§3.1快速卷积………………………144§3.2长序列的快速卷积……………………147§33特别长序列的快速卷积…中4·鼻●………………∵"……152§3.4快速相关…………………………………………………158第四章数字滤波器的时城和频域响应…………16341数字滤波器的频率响应b●4,4看香·……163§4.2级联型数字滤波器的频率响应………………………166s4.3数字滤波器的时域响应171§4.4直接型IR数字滤波(一)………………………………174§4.5直接型IR数字滤波(二)…………177§4.6级联型IR数字滤波§4.7并联型IR数字滤波…………………………………………185第五章IR数宇滤波器的设计………………………………189§5.1巴持沃兹和切比雪夫数字滤波器的设计……◆香音非杳D,看看§5.2任意幅庋IR数字滤波器的优化设计……………………………2082第六章FIR数字滤波器的设计……………………………227§6.1窗函数方法………………………………………227§6.2频域最小误差平方设计………238§6.3切比雪夫通近方法…………………………………242第三篇随机数字信号处理第一章经典谱佔计···:·a4a命a4264§1.1功率谱估计的周期图方法264§1.2功率谱估计的相关方法………………………………………271第二章现代谱佔计隐自·音鲁章自●·●4鲁自费●●看§2.1求解一般托布利兹方程组的莱文森算法……………………280§2.2求解对称正定方程组的乔里斯基算法…83§2.3求解尤利沃克方程的莱文森德宾算法§2.4计算ARMA模型的功率谱密度……………………………….289§2.5尤利沃克谱估计算法…………292§2.6协方差谱估计算法.·…·…297§2.7Burg谱估计算法30§2.8最大似然谱估计算法鲁t···章·。看e308第三章时频分析………….314§3.1维格纳( wigner)分布……………◆鲁毋■章鲁·●●·●非b曲。島曲…314§3.2离散小波变换…318第四章随机信号的数字滤波330§41维纳( Wiener)数字滤波…唱·喜非最330§42卡尔曼( Kalman)数字滤波…·。··●··命···◆··命·335§4.3最小均方(LMS)自适应数字滤波………341§44归一化LMS自适应数字滤波344§4.5递推最小二乘(RLS)自适应数字滤波……………………348第四篇数字图像处理第一章图像基本运算………………ss"sss352§1·1图像读取、存储与显示…§1.2图像旋转….·····鲁具··。366§1.3图像灰度级直方图的计算…………368§1.4图像二值化的固定阀值法…1.5图像二值化的自适应阀值法…·中··看辛中·鲁音·甲●·372第二章图像增强-………376§2.1图像直方图均衡…………………………376§2.2中值滤波香看春·鲁自。看●··….·········色·.···B···378§2.3图像锐化······.···········世·D“·中·中···中·;··容e·咱要382§2.4图像平滑………………………………………………………………383第三章图像边缘检测辛b鲁卡鲁中●●·§31 Roberts算子边缘检测“····.…·386§3.2拉普拉斯算子边缘检测…………………………………388§3.3 Sobel算子边缘检测………§3.4 Robinson算子边缘检测………………………392§3.5 Kirsch算子边缘检测…鲁鲁·看§3.6 Prewitt算子边缘检测第四章图像细化……………………………………………139§4.1 Hilditch细化算法看●看非。●命D看鲁●●;·着●画399§4.2 Pavlidis细化算法qq··中····.404§4.3 Rosenfeld细化算法………第五篇人工神经网络第一章神经网络模型……·…·…"·416§1.1多层感知器神经网络………………………………………………416§1.2离散 Hopfield神经网络……………………………………425§1.3连续 Hopfield神经网络……。辛b4··吾。自司b命°…·434§1.4Tank- Hopfield线性规划神经网络参考文献…●●●电·单·4是p中······鲁s自····4·●……………”442第一篇常用数字信号的产生第一章数字信号的产生§1.1均匀分布的随机数功能产生(a,b)区间上均匀分布的随机数、方法简介均匀分布的概率密度函数为,a≤x≤b0,其它通常用U(2)表示,均匀分布的均值为+2,方差为(b2产生均匀分布随机数的方法如下:首先,由给定的初值x,用混合同余法ai=(ai-1+ c)(mod M)产生(0,1)区间上的随机数y。其中a=2045,c=1,M=20;然后,通过变换x;=a(b-a)y产生(ab)区间上的随机数z三、使用说明1.子函数语句double uniform (a.b. seed)2.形参说明a—双精度实型变量。给定区间的下限。b—双精度实型变量。给定区间的上限seed—长整型指针变量。*seed为随机数的种子。四、子函数程序(文件名: uniform.c)double uniform (a, b, seed)ouble ai doubled=2045兴(兴seed)+1Seed=关seed一(兴seed/1048576)为1048576;t=(兴seed)/1048576.0;t=a-(beturn (t)五、例题产生50个0到1之间均匀分布的随机数。主函数程序(文件名: uniform.m):#include " stdio. h# includi double a, bngdouble uniform(double, double, long int *a=0.0;b-1.0;s=13579for(i=0;
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ISO16750-3-2012
ISO16750-3-2012Road vehicles — Environmentalconditions and testing for electricaland electronic equipment —Part 3:Mechanical loadsContents PageForeword.............................................................................................................................................Iso16750-3:2012[EContentsPageForewordScope12Normative references1Terms and definitions4Tests and requirements4.1ibration4.2 Mechanical shock274.3 Free fall…294.4 Surface strength/ scratch and abrasion resistance294.5 Gravel bombardmentCode letters for mechanical loads29Documentation…,…………111111130Annex A (informative) Guideline for the development of test profiles for vibration tests.32Annex B (informative) Recommended mechanical requirements for equipment depending on themounting location44Bibliography46C ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012EForewordISo (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standardsbodies (Iso member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried outthrough iso technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technicalcommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internationaorganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the workIso collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters ofelectrotechnical standardizationInternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISo/IEC Directives, Part 2The main task of technical committees is to prepare lnternational standards. draft InternationalStandards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votingublication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 of the member bodiescasting a voteAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rightsIso 16750-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicle, Subcommittee SC 3,Electrical and electronical equipment.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (Iso 16750-3: 2007), which has beentechnically revisedISo 16750 consists of the following parts, under the general title road vehicles-Environmental conditionsand testing for electrical and electronic equipment:Part 1: GeneralPart 2: electrical loadsPart 3: Mechanical loadsPart 4: Climatic loadsPart 5: chemical loadso ISO 2012-All rights reservedINTERNATIONAL STANDARDIso16750-3:2012(E)Road vehicles- Environmental conditions and testing forelectrical and electronic equipmentPart 3Mechanical loads1 ScopeThis part of IS0 16750 applies to electric and electronic systems/components for road vehicles. Itdescribes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended forthe specific mounting location on/in the vehicleThis part of iso 16750 describes mechanical loads2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments applies.Iso16750-1, Road vehicles- Environmental conditions and testing forelectrical andelectronicequipment-Part 1: GeneralIEC 60068-2, 6, Environmental testing- Part 2-6: Testing, Test Fc: Vibration SinusoidalIEC60068-2, 14, Basicenvironmental testing procedures- Part 2-14: Tests-Test Nb: Change oftemperatureTEC 60068-2, 64, Environmental testing Part 2-64: Test methods -Test Fh -Vibration, broad-bandrandom(digital control)and guidanceIEC 60068-2, 80, Environmental testing- Part 2-80: Tests- Test Fi: Vibration - Mixed mode testingIEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing procedures- Part 2: Tests; Test Ec: Free fall, Clause 5.23 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in Iso 16750-1 app4 Tests and requirements4.1 Vibration41.1 GeneralThe vibration test metho ds specified consider various levels of vibration severities applicable to on-board electrical and electronic equipment. It is recommended that the vehicle manufacturer andsupplier choose the test method, the environmental temperature and vibration parameters dependingon the specific mounting locationFollowing the expressions in MIL-STD please noticeC ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012EWhen applied properly, the environmental management and engineering processes described in this partof Iso 16750 can be of enormous value in generating confidence in the environmental worthiness andoverall durability. However, it is important to recognize that there are limitations inherent in laboratorytesting that make itimperative to use proper caution and engineering judgement when extrapolating theselaboratory results to results that may be obtained under actual service conditions. In many cases, realworld environmental stresses (singularly orin combination cannot be duplicated practically or reliably intestlaboratories. Therefore, users of this part of Iso 16750 should not assume that a system or componentthat passes laboratory tests of this part of Iso 16750 would also pass field/ fleet verification trialsThe specified values are the best estimation one can get up to the moment when results frommeasurements in the car are received - but they do not replace a car measurement!The specified values apply to direct mounting in defined mounting locations. Using a bracket formounting can resultin higher or lower loads. If the device under test ( DUT)is used in the vehicle with abracket then all vibration and mechanical shock test shall be done with this bracketCarry out the vibration with the dut suitably mounted on a vibration table. The mounting method (sused shall be noted in the test report. Carry out the frequency variation by logarithmic sweeping of 0,5octave/minute for sinusoidal tests and the sinusoidal part of sine on random tests. The scope of therecommended vibration tests is to avoid malfunctions and breakage mainly due to fatigue in the fieldTesting for wear has special requirements and is not covered in this part of ISo 16750Loads outside of the designated test frequency ranges are to be considered separatelNOTE Deviations from the load on the DUT can result, should vibration testing be carried out according tothis part of Iso 16750 on a heavy and bulky dut, as mounting rigidity and dynamic reaction on the vibrator tableexcitation are different compared to the situation in the vehicle. This deviation can be minimized by applying theaverage control method(see Annex A)Application of the weighted average control method according to IEC 60068-2, 64 is to be agreed uponSubject the dut during the vibration test to the temperature cycle according to iEC 60068-2, 14, withelectric operation according to diagram 1. Alternatively, a test at constant temperature may be agreed onOperate the dutelectrically as indicatedin Figure l at Tmin(Short functional testafterthe dUT completelyreached Tmin). This functional test shall be as short as possible- only long enough to check the properperformance of the dUt. This minimizes self-heating of the dUT. Additional electrical operation of theDUT between 210 min and 410 min of the cycle (see Figure 1)Additional drying of test chamber air is not permittedIn the vehicle, vibration stress can occur together with extremely low or high temperatures; for thisreason, this interaction between mechanical and temperature stress is simulated in the test, too. afailure mechanism is, for example, a plastic part of a system/component, which mellows due to the hightemperature and cannot withstand the acceleration under this condition2o ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012[EYmax20aburditt0100200300400500600yY temperature[°C]x time [ minIa Operating mode 3.2 according to ISo 16750-1.b Operating mode 2. 1 according to ISo 16750-1One cycleFigure 1-Temperature profile for the vibration testTable 1- Temperature versus time for the vibration testTimeTemperaturemin°C0206040150-4021020300max41048020See Is016750-44.1.2 Tests4.1.2.1 Test I- Passenger car, engine4.1.2.1.1 PurposeThis test checks the dUt for malfunctions and breakage caused by vibrationThe vibrations of a piston engine can be split up into two kinds: Sinusoidal vibration which results from theunbalanced mass forces in the cylinders and random noise due to all other vibration-schemes of an engine,C ISO 2012-All rights reserved3Iso16750-3:2012Ee.g. closing of valves. In the lowest frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 Hz the influence of rough-roadconditions is taken into account. The main failure to be identified by this test is breakage due to fatigueNOTE 1 Road profile usually has negligible impact on engine-mounted components. Shock inputs are effectivelysolated by suspension, and engine-mounting systemsThe test profiles specified in the following clauses apply to loads generated by(four strokereciprocating enginesNotE 2 If the dut is to be tested for a specific resonance effect, then a resonance dwell test according to 8.3.2of IEC 60068-2, 6: 2007 can also be applied4.12.1.2Test4.1.2.1.2.1 GeneralIt is required to perform this test as a mixed mode vibration test according to IEC 60068-2, 80NOTE The test duration is based on A 4. The temperature in the chamher is above room temperature (rt)atthe end of the test (2 3/4 temperature cycles4.1.2.1.2.2 Sinusoidal vibrationPerform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 6, but using a sweep rate of s 0,5 octave/minute. Use a testduration of 22 h for each plane of the dUTUse curve l in Table 2/ Figure 2 for DUT intended for mounting on engines with 5 cylinders or fewerUse curve 2 in Table 2/Figure 2 for dUT test intended for mounting on engines with 6 cylinders or moreBoth curves may be combined to cover all engine types in one test2502001501005050100150200250300350400450500ⅩKeyamplitude of acceleration [m/s2IXfrequency [Hzcurve1(≤5 cylinders)curve 2(5 cylindersFigure 2- Vibration severity curves4o ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012[ETable 2- values for max acceleration versus frequencyCurve 1(see Figure 2FrequencyAmplitude of accelerationHz100100200200240200270100440100Curve 2(see Figure 2)FrequencyAmplitude of accelerationHm/s2100100150150440150CombinationFrequencyAmplitude of accelerationH1001001501502002002402002551504401504,1.21.2.3 Random vibrationPerform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 64. Use a test duration of 22 h for each plane of the DUTThe r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 181 m/s2The psd versus frequency are referred to in Figure 3 and Table 3NoTE The Power Spectral Density(PSD)values (random vibration] are reduced in the frequency range of thesinusoidal vibration testC ISO 2012-All rights reserved5Iso16750-3:2012EY100100,110100100010000KeyY PSD [(m/s2)2/HzX frequency [Hz]Figure 3- PSD of acceleration versus frequencyTable 3- Values for frequency and PsDFrequencyPSDH:(m/s2)2/Hz1010100103000,5150020200024.1.2.1.3 RequirementBreakage shall not occur.Functional status a see iso 16750-1) is required during operating mode 3.2 as defined in ISo 16750-1and functional status C during periods with other operating modes4.1.2.2 Test II-Passenger car, gearbox4.1.2.2.1 PurposeThis test checks the dut for malfunctions and breakage caused by vibrationThe vibrations of a gearbox can be split up into two kinds which result partly from sinusoidal vibrationfrom unbalanced mass forces of the engine(e. g dominating orders) in the frequency range from 100 Hzto 440 Hz and vibration from the friction of the gear wheels and other schemes, which are tested in therandom part. In the lowest frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 Hz the influence of rough-road conditionsis taken into account The main failure to be identified by this test is breakage due to fatigueChanging the gears can create additional mechanical shock and shall be considered separatey brationsThe test profiles specified in the following subclauses apply to loads generated by gearbox vibo ISO 2012-All rights reserved
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