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张文修的一本比较经典的粗糙集理论的教材，感兴趣的可以参考下00140230西安交通大学数学研究生教学丛书粗糙集理论与方法张文修吴伟志梁吉业李德玉编著2001内容简介本书系统地介绍了粗糙集理论的基本内容与方法,力图概括回内外最新成果主要内容有粗糙集的基本概念,粗糙计算方法,粗糙集的代数性质与粗糙逻辑,粗幡集的各种推广模型,粗糙集与其他处理不确定或不精确问邀理论的联系以不完备信息系统下的粗糙集方法本书可作为计算机科学应用数学、自动控制、信息科学和管理工程等专业的高年级学生及研究生的教材,也可作为研究粗橢集理论与方法的科技人员的参考书书在版编目CI据粗糙集理论与方法/文修等编著.北京:科学出版社,2001酉安交道大学数学研究生教学丛书)1sBN70307984.租…山.张…Ⅲ.粗糙集Ⅳ.Ol44中图娅本图书馆CIP数据校字(2000第69236号科學当腹越出版北京东监域根北]6号鄙蝙;117斯音刮厂郾刷科学出版社发行各她新华书店经销200H年月第版开本:F5(72×1020年7月第一次印剧印张:1434型数:1-3000字数:25100定价:22.00元(如有印质量间题,我社负资调换〈新欣当今,社会巳经齿入了恻络信息时代,计算机与网络信息技术的飞速发展使得各个领域的数据和信息急剧增加(信息爆炸),并且由于入类的参与使数据与信息系统中的不确定性更加显著(复杂系统)如何从大量的、杂乱无章的、强一扰的数据(海量效据)中挖掘潜在的、有利用价值的信息(有用知识这给人类的智能信息处理能大提出了所未有的挑战.由此产生了人工智能併究的一个崭新领城——数据挖掘(ⅠM和数据库知识发现(KDD在IM和KD诸多方法中,粗糙集理论与方法对于处理复杂系统不失为一种较为有效的方法,因为它与概率方法模糊集方法和证据理论方法等其他处理不确定性问题理论的最显著约区别是它无需提供问题所需处理的数据集合之外的任何先验信息当然,由于该理论未能包含处理不精确或不确定原始数据的机制,所以与其他处理不确定性问题的理论有很强的互补性相糙集理论是波兰数学家 Z Pawiak于1982年提出的一种数据分析理论由于最初关于粗糙集理论的研究主要集中在波兰,因此当时并没有引起国际计算机界和数学界的重视,研究地域仅局限于东欧一些国家.直到1990年前后,由于该理论在数据的决策与分析、模式识别、机器学习与知识发现等方面的成功应用,才逐渐引起了世界各国学者的广泛关注.1991年 Z Pawlak的专著《料糙集—关于数据推理的理论》 Rough: Sets-- -Thearetical/etsof Reasoning about Data)的问世,标志着粗糙集理论及其应用的研究进人丁活跃时期.1992年在波兰召开了关于粗糙集理论的第一屈国际学术会议.1995年A(M(απ munication将粗糙集列为新浮现的计算机科学的研究课题.目前粗糙集理论已成为信息科学最为活跃的研究领域之一,同时,该理论还在医学、化学、材料学地理学管理科学和金融等其他学科得到∫成功的应用本书的目的是介绍粗糙集射基本理论与方法以及这理论的研究发展状况.为了闯读方倜,本书对国内外已发表的文章进行了系统化处理,规范了数学概念与符号,在统一的框架下叙述了粗糙集理论的最新研究成果,同时也包含了作者的某些新成果,期望为从事粗糙集理论研究入员和研究生进人这新领域提供捷径鉴于我们从事该领域的研究工作时间较短,加之身知识的局限性,错误与不妥之处在所难免,热忧欢迎广大同仁批评、指止作者2000年8月录第-章粗糙集理论的基本概念§【.1知识与知识库§【.2不精确范嗨,近似与粗糙集…■■■■■■■■§.3知识约简……§1.4知识的依赖性………………………………………16§1.5知识表达系统17§.6决策表『·「TT·■冒■音T曾■鲁?1音曾■上……………19§1.7区分矩阵与区分函数笫二章粗糙集模型的算法262.1信总系统和决策表TT1T1冒量26§22简单分类27氵2.3支持子集………s24决策属性的支持度………kd■p电■山白山§2.5交的计算……………33s26多个条件的支持度■『■冒■■■卩甲■罩卩『■■■b■■d■b山I凸晶d■■34氵2.7函数依赖…………………35§2.8恒等依赖甲干·!■■■冒■1■dh十■m§2.9重要性和核§2.10属性依颊性T甲“■·T曾冒會會十個ql早4■■■個會3§2.11约简T■■第三章般关系下的粗糙集模型…§3.1二元关系与邻城算子……………41§3.2二元关系与粗糙近似算子…43§3,3近似算子的其地定义形式与比较……………4§34近似算子的表示…自■■■■■■4■郾LI卜郾4■■b▲■■■■■■■·甲聊a■b■着郾山晶d§3.5程度粗榧集模型…■■會會■■‘自自自■聊即聊■b■■当dh_画第四章粗糙集代数的公理化方法…*574.1粗糙集理论的构造性方法…rr…"w…5784.2粗糙集理论的公理化方法§4.3构造性方法与公理化方法的关系…………■·■幽日··■■口■甲■【山■中中…6284.4特殊类型的粗糙集代数第五章粗糙集系统的代数结构·「丬■"■·白幽■日■『■早■卜P画■着■昌白晶画聊甲嵋目录§5.1粗糙集的Se代数§5.2粗糙近似宰间血d幽唱幽日日4:bq1即4日日B:甲44日b·甲日甲4:·甲4§5.3粗集和 Nelson代数…■_L啁↓■■■■■b§5.4粗糙概念的代数刻画■■■■■■■■■■■d口口……………85§5.5半群中的粗理想……,……………■■■■93第六章粗糙逻辑与决策■■■■■■■歌■↓■■罩↓卩■l■■罩d■b■■鄢↓■k↓db■■■■b■kd看■郾■■b矗■司■山山d■b古■■98§6,1基于完备信息系统的粗逻辑986.2决策逻辑与决策………………1"""…!…"……s…100§6.3基于不光备信息系统的模态逻辑………………115第七章变榇度粗糙集模型■【■■冒■■甲卓■■■■山d血血個■备量§7.多燃包含关系…123§72咄精度粗槌集模型中的近似集……………………………………124§73集合钓相对可辨别性…………………………-:126§74B近似的性质…128属性钓近似依赖性129§7.6近似约简…甲甲■■■郾通4阝………",130第八章概率粗糙集模型132§8有限论域上概率测度的基本知识……13§8,2信息熵…L唱■LLa133§8.3概卒粗糙集模型∵……T■■■■■■…135§8.4概率粗糙集模型的其他形式1398.5Rys决策与粗糙近似142路呂.6粗糙隶属函数与概念的联合rr1148§8.7知识的不确定性度量§B8概率粗糧集模翘和确定性粗糙集模型的比较………,155第九章模糊粗糙集模型P■s…1589.1模糊集的基本慨念158§9,2糢糊关系………………441·日·日q甲日■_日面如a甲qrpa4P自……·160§93模糊粗糙集………161§9.4甚于三角模的模糊粗欖集模型…:16889.5基于包含度的粗牲集模型……………■■和冒省●·■口■即甲看看D品J§9.6絛正型模糊粗糙集模型……■;;■■山晶;aq41即■血mm■甲甲唱1酥晶日H甲■182§9.7粗糙集与模糊集的比较■■185第十章基于随机集的粗糙集模型187§0,1随机集容度泛函t87§10.2信任函数与似然函数…d幽··『看■备如▲■p甲甲4即申日■鲁自中■暴即l88§10.3基于随机集的粗糙集模型…T·「·■■『■■■■■■Lpd■b10.4近似算子与可能性测度………"…201第十一章不完备信息系统的粗糙集方法……*………………20811.]不完备信息系统忄·■曾■■■·◆I會■■P■冒■鲁會◆4l■§112近似集2078113决策表,决策规则和知识约简……208A11.4区分函数与约简的计算司甲甲■鲁甲甲■■■p211参考文献十個■■1幽"b■213记号表………………….223第一章粗糙集理论的基本概念粗糙集理论是一·种新的处理模糊和不确定性知识的数学工具,其主要思想就是在保持分类能力不变的前提下,通过知识约简,导出问题的决策或分类规则.目前,粗集理论已被成功地应用于机器学习、决策分析、过程控制、模式识別与数据挖掘等领域.夲章介绍标准粗糙集理论( Pawlak粗糙集模型}的基本概念,作为后面各章节的基础§1.1知识与知识库投U≠是找们感兴趣的对象成的有限集合,称为论域任何子集X匚U称为U中的个概念或范畴.为规范化起见,我们认为空集也是一个概念,U中的任何概念族称关于U的抽象知识,简称知识本书上要是对在U上能形成划分的那些知识感兴趣.一个划分定义为:价=X1,X2,…,Xn1;XCU,X;≠x,X∩X=,对于i≠j,,1,2U上的族划分称为X于U的个知认库( knowledge base设R是U上的一个等价关系,U/R表示R的所有等价类(或者U上的分类构成的集合,x]R表示包含元素∈I的R等价类…个知识库就是个关系系统K=(UR),其中U为非空有限集,称为论域R是U上的一族等价关系若PCR,且P≠分,则∩P(P中所有等价关系的交集)也是一个等价关系,称为P上的不可区分〔 ndis nihility)关系,记为ind(P),且有n(P)REP这样,Und(P)(即等价关系ind(P)的所有等价美)表示与等价关系族P相关的知识,称为K中关于U的P基本知识(P基本集)为单起鬼,我们用U代替Und(P),ind(P)的等价类称为知识P的基本概念或基本范畴特别地,如果Q∈R,则称Q为K中关于U的Q初等知识,Q的等价类为知识R的Q初等概念或Q初等范畴事实上,P基本范畴是拥有知识P的论域的基本特性换句话说它们是知识的堪本模块同样,我们也可定义:当K=(,R)为一个知识库,ind(K)定义为K中第一章粗糙集埋论的基本概怠所有等价关系的族,记作ind(K)“ind(P)≠PR例1.1绘定一玩具积木的集合U={x1,x2,…,xg},并假设这些积木有不同的颜色(红、黄、蓝),形状(方,圆、三角},体积(小,大).因此,这些积木都可以用颜色形状体积这些知识来描述例如一块积木可以是红色、小而圆的,或黄色、人而方的等如果我们根据某属性描述这些积木的情况,就可以按颜色、形状、体积分类按颜色分类:17337蓝了5;6"一黄按形状分类圆方℃34丁·8角按体积分类大I5,2a换言之,我们定义三个等价关系(即属性):颜色R1,形状R2和体积R3,通过这些等价关系,可以得到下而三个等价类UR1=1{x1,x3,xy},{x25;吧U/R2=1x1,xs,x2,x6},x3,x4,x,!},夏/R3={x2,x7,x81,{x1,x3,x4,x,6这些等价类是由知识库K=(U,R1,R2,R3})中的初等概念(初等范畴)构成的基本范畴是初等范畴的交集构成的,例如下列集合3,x7}∩:x3,x4,3+74{∩{x256783y丁4;了它们分别为R1,R2}的基本范畴,即:红色三角形,蓝色方形,黄色三角形下列集合x3,x?C「x3,x4,x5,xs∩2,7x8={72,x1∩x,x;6∩2,x7,x8}={x2},5x69E845778f它们分别为{R12R2,R3的基本范畴,即红色大三角形,蓝色大方形,黄色大

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目前能找到的cpci express总线的标准ContentsIntroduction1.1 Statement of Compliance131.2 Terminology131.3 Applicable Documents181.4 Objectives…191.5 Name and Logo Usage....翻1E,B面201.5.1 Logo Use201.5.2 Trademark polic201.6 Intellectual Property211.7 Special Word Usage221.8 Connectors1.8.1 Legacy CompactPCI Connectors221.8.2 High -Speed Advanced differential Fabric Connectors1.83 UPM Power Connectors∴…251.8.3.1 System Slot/Board and Type 1 Peripheral Slot/Board.251.8.3.2 Switch Slot/ Board261.8.4 eHM C271.8.5 CompactPCI Pluggable Power Supply Connector271.9 Slot and board descriptions281.9.1 Connector Reference Designators...............311.9.2 System Slot and Board1.9.3 Type 1 Peripheral Slot and Board321.9.4 Type 2 Peripheral Slot and Board331.9.5 Hybrid Peripheral slot351.9.6 Legacy Slot1.9.7 Switch Slot and board.36197.13uSwitchSlotandboard.wwwwwww.361.9.7.2 6U Switch Slot and board371.10 EXample Configurations402 Mechanical Requirements452.1 Mechanical Overview452.2 DrayStandard452.3 Units452.4 Keepout Zones452.5 Connector Requirements.452.5.1 ADF Connectors452.5.1.1 Board connectors452.5.1.3 Backplane Connectors with Hot-Plug Suppor o2.5.1.2 Backplane Connectors without Hot-Plug Support46462.5.2 eHM Connectors462.5.2.1 Board Connector Type Designation.462.5.2.2 Backplane Connectors without Hot-Plug Support .........462.5.2.3 Backplane Connectors with Hot-Plug Support..... 462.5.3 UPM Connectors462.5.3.1 Backplane Connectors…………462.5.3.2 Board Connectors without Hot-Plug Support47PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification2.5.3.3 Board Connectors with Hot-Plug Support2.5.4 HM Connectors472.5.5 47-Position Pluggable Power Supply Connector472.6 Chassis Subrack Requirements472.7 Backplane Requirements472.7.1 3U Backplane Dimensions and Connector Locations....... 472.7.2 6U Backplane Dimensions and Connector Locations2.8 Slot Numbering and Glyphs512.9 Board Requirements2.9.1 3U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations512.9.2 6U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations2.9.3 3U Switch board dimensions and connector locations wwm. 5429.4 6U Switch board dimensions and connector locations.552.9.5 Board pcb thickness562.9.6 ESD Discharge Strip562.9.7 ESD Clip562.9.8 Front Panels562.9.9 CompactPcI Express logo572.9.10 PMC/XMC Support….5729.11 Cross sectional vi582.9.12 Component Outline and Warpage582.9.13 Solder Side Cover(Optional)582. 9.14 Component Heights2.9. 15 System Slot Identification592.10 Rear-Panel 1/0 Board Requirements592.10.1 3U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions592.10.2 6U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions3 Electrical Requirements623. 1 Signal Definitions623.1.1 PCI Express Signals.623.1.1.1 PCI EXpress Transmit SigInaIs3.1.1.2 PCI Express Receive Signals623.1.1.3 Interconnect Definition633.1.1.3.1 Link definit633.1.1.3.2 Link Grouping.633.1.1.4 Electrical B643. 1.1.4.1 AC Coupling653.1.1.4.2 Insertion loss653.1.1.4.3 Crosstab‖k3.1.1.4,4 Lane-to-Lane skew3.1.1. 4.5 Equalization673.1.1.4.6 Skew within the Differential Pair(Intra-PairSkew)3.1.1.5 Jitter Budget Allocation683.1.1.5.1 Random Jitter(Rj)683.1.1.5.2 System Level Jitter Distribution693.1.1.5.3 Interconnect Jitter Budget693.1.1.5.4 Eye Patterns703. 1.1.5.5 Type 2 Peripheral Transmitter Eye4PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specification3.1.1.5.6 Controller Transmitter Eye3.1.1.5.7 Type 2 Peripheral Receiver Eye3.1.1.5. 8 Controller Receiver eye743.1.1.5. 9 Backplane Compliance Testing3.1.1.5. 10 Alternative Controller tX measurement.wm.773.1.1.6 Reference Clock783.1.1.6.1Hot-Pug…...….783.1.1.6.2 Clock Fan-Out..793. 1.1.6.3 Clocking dependencies3. 1.1.6.4 AC-Coupling and Biasing793.1.1.6.5 Routing length803. 1.1.6.6 Reference Clock Specification813.1.1.6.7 REFCLK Phase Jitter Specification3.1.2ESD853.1.35VauX.853.1.4 SMBI3.1.4.1 SMBus " Back Powering Considerations883.1.4.2 Backplane Identification and Capability Using SMBus. 883.1.5 PWRBTN# Signal943.1.6 PS ON# Signal.943.1.7 PWR OK Signal.......953.1.8 WAKE# Signal3.1.8. 1 Implementation Note983.1. 9 PERST# Signal993.1.9.1 nitial Power-Up(G3toL0)……………………1003.1.9.2 Power Management States(so to S3/S4 to so)1013.1.9.3 Power down1023.1.10 SYSEN# Signal…1033.1.11 Geographical Addressing1033. 1. 12 LINKCAP Signal1043.1.13/OPin1043.1.14 Reserved pins1043.2 Hot-Plug Support.1043.2.1 Hot-Plug sub-System Architecture1043.2.2 Power enable1073.2.3 Wake#1083.2.4 Module Power good1083.2.5 Present detection1083.2.6 System Management Bus1083.2.7 System Management Bus alert1083.2.8 Attention LED1093.2.9 Attention Switch1093.2.10 DC Specifications1093.3 Backplane Connector Pin Assignments1093.3.1 System SI3.3.1.1 4-Link Configuration1103.3.1.2 2-Link Combination Configuration3.3.2 Peripheral Slot I ype 11133.3. 3 Peripheral Slot Type 2.1153.3.4 Hybrid Peripheral slot.1153.3.5 Legacy slot117PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification3.3.6 Switch Slot1173.3.6.1 3U Switch Slot3.3.6.2 6U Switch Slot x4 Link width1183.3.6.3 6U Switch Slot--X8 Link Width.1213.4 Power Supply Requirements…1233.4.1 Current Available1233.4.2 Regulation and Ripple and noise1243.4.3 Backplane Power Decoupling1243. 4.4 Power Supply Timing1243.4.5 Additional Power Requirements for Boards SupportingHot-Ppluc1254 Keying Requirements4Legacy Slots and Legacy boards12642 eHM Ke126A CompactPCI Express Advanced Differential Fabric Connector......129A 1 General data129A 1.1 Objective of this document.129A.1.2Scope129A.1.3 Intended Method of mounting129A 1. 4 Ratings and characteristics130A.1.5 Normative references130A.1.6 Markings……131A 1.7 Type Designation国131A.1.8 Ordering Information132A 1. 9 Special Connector LoadingsA2 Technical InformationA.2.1 Contacts and terminations133A 3 Dimensional Information134A.3.1 Isometric view and common features.134A 3.2 Engagement Information134A.3. 2.1 Electrical Engagement Length134A.3.2.2 First Contact point135A 3.2.3 Perpendicular to Engagement direction135A.3.2.4 Inclination135A 3.3 Backplane Connectors136A 3.3.1 Dimensions1136A.3.3.2 Contacts136A.3.3.3 Contact Tip Geometry…………137A.3.3,4 Terminations137A. 3. 4 Front board connectors wwwwwwwwwww138A,3. 4. Dimensions.138A 3.4.2 Terminations138A 3.5 Mounting Information for Backplane Connectors138A. 3.5. 1 Hole Pattern on Backplanes139A 3.5.2 Backplane Contact Positional Requirements139A.3.5.3 True position of male contacts.139A.3.6 Mounting Information for Front Board Connectors.140A 3.6.1 Hole Pattern on Printed boards140A 4 Characteristics1416PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specificationA.4.1 Climatic Category141A 4.1.1 Climatic Category Test batch P: Initial EXamination .....141A 4.1.2 Climatic Category Test Batch A: Mechanical Tests.. 141A 4.1.3 Climatic Category Test Batch B: Harsh Environments. 144A.4.1.4 Climatic Category Test Batch C: Damp Heat146A 4.1.5 Climatic Category Test Batch D: ExtendedEnvironmental Tests147A 4.1.6 Climatic Categary Test Batch E: ExtendedEnvironmental Tests148A.4.2 Electrical characteristics148A.4.2.1 Impedance148A 4.2.2 Crosstalk149A.4.2.3 Propagation Delay149A42.4 Differential skew..149A 4.25 Insertion Loss149BEnriched hard-Metric ConnectorB. 1 General data国面国B150B. 1. 1 Objective of this document150B.1.2 Description of the Connector,s Approach150B.1.3 Descriptive Partitions Found Further This document150B 1.4 Normative References15B 1.4.1 Primary references describing the generic Part ofthe co151B.1.42Additionalreferenceswwwwwww.15B.1.5 Intended Method of Mounting151B 1.6 Markings.152B.1.7 Type Designation(General)152B2 Technical Information∴152B 2.1 Definitions152B 2.2 Contacts152B 2.3 Contact Performance Level154B 2.4 Keying154B.2.4.1 Mating rules155B.2.4.2 Examples for mating and nonmating configurations . 156B.2.5 Type Designation156B 2.6 Applicational Information157B 2.6.1 Alignment and Gathering157B26.2 Polarization翻面面∴158B3 Dimensional InformationQB.3.1 General158B.3.2 View and common features158B3.3 Remarks on Mating Properties of eHM Connector…………159B 3. 4 Fixed Board connector160B 3.4.1 Dimensions160B 3.4.2 TerminationsB.3.4.3 Mounting Information for Fixed Board Connectors..161B 3. 4.4 Hole pattern on fixed board161B.3.4 5 Position of connectors on fixed board∴161B 3.5 Free board connectors162B 3.5.1 Dimensions162B 3.5.2 Termination163PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design TO/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specificationB.3.5.3 Mounting Information for Free Board Connectors. .......163B 3.5.4 Hole pattern on free board163B 3.5.5 Position of connectors on front board163B4 Characteristics81.163B.4.1 Climatic Category∴163B 4.2 Electrical Characteristics163B.4.2. 1 Creepage and clearance Distances163B 4.2.2 Voltage Proof164B.4.2. 3 Current-Carrying Capacity.164B.4.2.4 Contact resistance.……164B 4.2.5 Insulation Resistance.164B 4.3 Mechanica164B.4.3.1 Mechanical Operation.164B.4.3.2 Engaging and Separating Forces164B 4.3.3 Contact retesert164B 4.3.4 Static Load. Transverse.164B 4.3.5 Gauge Retention Force.164B 4.3.6 Vibration(Sinusoidal.164B 4.3.7 Shock164B 4.3.8 Polarization method165B.4.3.9 Robustness and effectiveness of coding device .........165B.4.3.9.1 Conditions According to IEC60512-7,Test 13e....B165B 5 Test schedule165B.6 Quality Assessment Procedures…………….…..….…......…...165c Universal Power Connector(UPM)166C 1 General data.I....8.4.4面面面..166C.1.1 Objective of this document166C2 Dimensions167C 3 Perpendicular to Engagement Direction169C4 Inclination169C 5 Mounting Information169C 6 Climatic Category.171Figuresg1-1 HM Connectors231-2 Advanced Differential Fabric(ADF) Connector241-3 UPM Power Connector for System and Type 1 Peripheral Slots/Boards..251-4PowerConnectorforswitchslots/boardswwwwww.26-5 eHM Connector1-647- Position CompactS| Pluggable Power Supply Connector……….281-7 CompactPCI Express 3U Slot Examples29-8 Compact PCI Express 6u Slot Examples301-9 System Board311-10 System Slot321-11 Type 1 Peripheral Board321-12 Type 1 Peripheral Slot.331-13 Type 2 Peripheral Board-14 Type 2 Peripheral Slot34PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specification1-15 Hybrid Peripheral slot351-16 Boards Supported By Hybrid Peripheral Slots361-17 3 Switch Board371-18 3 Switch Slot371-19 6U Switch board38-20 6U Switch Slot391-21 Backplane with Hybrid Peripheral Slots and Legacy Slots401-22 Backplane with all Hybrid Peripheral Slots411-23 Backplane with Type 2 and Hybrid Peripheral Slots421-24 3U Backplane with Switch, System, Type 1, and Type 2 Slots1-256 U Backplane with Switch, System,Type1, and type2S∴………43442-1 Backplane Overall Dimensions482-2 30 Backplane connector Locations492-3 6U Backplane Connector Locations502-4 board compatibility glyphs2-5 Glyph for Boards that Operate in Either System or Peripheral Slots512-6 Slot Compatibility Glyphs……512-7 3U System, Type 1, and Type 2 Board Dimensions and ConnectorLocations522-8 6U System/Type 1/Type 2 Board Dimensions and Connector Locations...532-9 3 Switch board Dimensions and connector locations542-106uswItchboarddimensionsandconnectorlocations..w.wwwwww.552-11 Modification to PCB to Support Thicker Boards562-12 CompactPCI Express Logo572-13 Alternate CompactPC| Express Logo....….….…572-14 Approximate Clearance Between the PMC/XMC PCB and the aDFConnector………………..572-15 Board cross-Sectional view82-16 3U Rear-Panel l/o board dimensions,602-17 6U Rear-Panel l/o Board Dimensions613-1 2-Link and Loss definition643-2 Backplane Connector Footprint683-3 Interconnect jitter allocation703-4 Peripheral TX Eye Mask723-5 Controller TX eye Mask733-6 Peripheral RX Eye Mask743-7 Controller RX Eye Mask753-8 Backplane TX Compliance signal763-9 Backplane RX Eye…763-10 Alternative Controller measurement783-11 Biasing for HCSL Clock Input3-12 Biasing Simulation Results.803-13 Single-Ended Measurement for swing.833-14 Single-Ended Measurement Points for delta cross point833-15 Single-Ended Measurement Points for Rise and Fall Time Matching ..........833-16 Differential Measurement Points for Duty Cycle and Period833-17 Differential measurement points for rise and fall time843-18 Differential Measurement Points for Ringback843-19 Eight-Slot Backplane Example913-20 Power Supply Timing95PICMG EXPO CompactPCI Express Specification, Draft R. 93, March 11, 2005Do Not design To/Do Not claim compliance To/do Not distribute This specification3-21 WAKE Rise and fall time measurement points983-22 WAKE# Circuit Example93-23 Power Up…1013-24 Power Management states1023-25 Power down1033-26 Typical Hot-Plug Interface Implementation1063-27 4-Link Configuration Backplane Example1103-28 2-Link Combination Configuration backplane example112A-1 Sample Part Number with Explanation132A-2 Special Connector Loading 01001面着国面国B面面国33A-3 View of connectors with common features134A-4 Connector Mating Sequence35A-5 Dimensional Drawing of Backplane Connector.136A-6 Contact Geometry for Zone 2 Backplane Connector137A-7 Dimensional Drawing of Front Board Connectors138A-8 Hole Requirements for backplane Connector139A-9 Backplane Pin Contact Positional Tolerance ................................................140A-10 Hole Requirements for the Front Board Connector140B-1 View of Fixed and Free Board Keying Design(Left Perspective, RightDetailed).……155B-2 View of a Mating and a Non-Mating Keying Combination156B-3 View of fixed and free Board connectors..158B-4 View of Fixed Board connector Including polarization Feature.......159B-5 Dimensional drawing of Fixed board eHM connector160B-6 Hole Requirements for eHM on Fixed Board161B-7 Dimensional drawing of eHM Free Board connector…162B-8 Hole Requirements for eHM Free Board Connector............163C-1 UPM-F-7 Female 7-Position power connector dimensional information 167C-2 UPM-F-5 Female 5-Position Power Connector Dimensional Information ....168C-3 Male 7-Position power connector dimensional information168C-4 UPM-M-5 Male 5-Position Power connector dimensional Information169C-5 Hole pattern for 7-Row male uPm Power connector169C-6 Hole pattern for 5-Row male UPM Power connector170C-7 Hole pattern for female 7-Row uPm Power connector..170C-8Holepatternforfemale5-rowuPmpowerconnectorwwww.171Tables3-1 Interconnect Loss Budget Type 1 Peripheral3-2 Interconnect Loss Budget Type 2 Peripheral653-3 Allowable Interconnect Lane-to-Lane skew673-5 Interconnect Jitter buaget on3-4 Total System Jitter Distribution......69703-6 Type 2 Peripheral Transmitter Eye............713-7 Controller TX Compliance Eye Requirements723-8 Type 2 Peripheral RX Compliance Eye Requirements..733-9 Controller RX compliance Eye Requirements743-10 Backplane TX Compliance Signal (Signal Generator)753-11 Backplane RX compliance eye7610PICMG EXPO CompactPCI EXpress Specification, Draft R.93, March 11, 2005Do Not Design To/Do Not Claim Compliance To/Do Not Distribute This specification

Computer Graphics + Geometric modeling

关于移动机器人路径规划的ppt，参考了大量文献，涵盖了几乎可以看到的所有成熟路径规划算法并且加入了很多作者本人的理解。希望对需要的朋友有所帮助。-on mobile robot path planning ppt reference to the vast body of literature, cover almost all can see the maturity path planning algorithm and to the many authors I understand. Hope to a friend in need of help.

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MATLAB 读取mp3，写入信息的函数代码

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