cpu设计实例-verilog
cpu设计实例-verilog,通过这个文档 你可以很快的入手如何设计一份8位的cpu,其中的指令码位16位什么是CPU?CPU即中央处理单元的英文缩写,它是计算机的核心部计算机进行信息处理可分为两个步骤1)将数据和程序(即指令序列)输入到计算机的存储器中2)从第一条指令的地址起开始执行该程序,得到所需结果,结束运行。CPU的作用是协调并控制计算机的各个部件执行程序的指令序列,使其有条不紊地进行。因此它必须具有以下基本功能a)取指令:当程序已在存储器中时,首先根据程序入口地址取出一条程序,为此要发出指令地址及控制信号b)分析指令:即指令译码。是对当前取得的指令进行分析,指出它要求什么操作,并产生相应的操作控制命令c)执行指令:根据分析指令时产生的操作命令形成相应的操作控制信号序列,通过运算器,存储器及输入/输出设备的执行,实现每条指令的功能,其中包括对运算结果的处理以及下条指令地址的形成将其功能进一步细化,可概括如下1)能对指令进行译码并执行规定的动作;2)可以进行算术和逻辑运算;3)能与存储器,外设交换数据4)提供整个系统所需要的控制尽管各种CPU的性能指标和结构细节各同出功能分析,可知任何一种内目部结构至少应包含下面这些部件:1)算术逻辑运算部件(ALU)2)累加器;3)程序计数器;4)指令寄存器,译码器;5)时序和控制部件RISC即精筲指令集计算机( Reduced instruction seComputer)的缩写。它是一种八十年代才出现的CPU,与一般的CPU相比不仅只是筒化了指令系统,而且是通过筒化指令系统使计算机的结构更加筒单合理,从而提高了运算速度。从实现的途径看, RISC-CPU与一般的CPU的不同处在于:它的时序控制信号形成部件是用硬布线逻辑实现的而不是采用微程序控制的方式。所谓硬布线逻辑也就是用触发器和逻辑门直接连线所构成的状态机和组合逻辑,故产生控制序列的速度比用微程序控制方式快得多,因为这样做省去了读取微指令的时间RISC_CPU也包括上述这些部件,下面就详细介绍一个筒化的用于教学目的的 RISC-CPU的可综合 Veriloghdl模型的设计和伤真过程RISC CPU结构RISC_CPI是一个复杂的数字逻辑电路,但是它的基本部件的逻辑并不复杂。可把它分成八个基本部件:1)时钟发生器2)指令寄存器3)累加器4) RISC CPU算术逻辑运算单元5)数据控制器6)状态控制罨D7)程序计数器8)地址多路器中各部件的相互连接关系1时钟发生器时钟发生器时钟发生器利用外来时钟信号米生成一系列时钟信号送往的其他部件。其中是外来时钟的八分频信号。利用的上升沿来触发控制器开始执行一条指令,同时信号还将控制地址多路器输出指令地址和数据地址。信号用作指令寄存器、累加器、状态控制器的时钟信号则用于触发算术逻辑运算单元。时钟发生器c1kgen的波形
- 2020-11-30下载
- 积分:1
MSC.Marc 2013.1理论手册
MSC.MARC是功能齐全的高级非线性有限元软件,具有极强的结构分析能力。可以处理各种线性和非线性结构分析包括:线性/非线性静力分析、模态分析、简谐响应分析、频谱分析、随机振动分析、动力响应分析、自动的静/动力接触、屈曲/失稳、失效和破坏分析等ContentsMarc Volume A: Theory and User InformationrefaceAbout this manual■■■■20Purpose of volume A20Contents of volume a20How to Use this manual211 The Marc SystemMarc Programs............■■23Marc for Analysis23Mentat or patran for gul24Structure of marc24Procedure Library24Material Library24Element Library25Program Function Library25Features and benefits of marc252 Program InitiationMarc Host Systems27Workspace Requirements27Marc Workspace Requirements27File Units30Program Initiation.........32Examples of running marc Jobs■■■■■344 Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information3 Data EntryInput Conventions38Input of List of Items39Examples of lists41Table Driven Input■■41Table Input42Parameters46Model Definition Options46History Definition Options46REZONE Option474 Introduction to mesh definitionDirect Input49Element Connectivity Data49Nodal coordinate data53Activate/Deactivate54User Subroutine Input54MESH2D54Block definition54Merging of Nodes54Block Types55Symmetry, Weighting, and Constraints57Additional Options58Mentat58FXORD Option59Major classes of the fXoRD Option59Recommendations on Use of the FXORD Option63Incremental mesh generators■■■■■63Bandwidth Optimization64Rezoning.....64Substructure65Technical Background66Scaling Element Stiffness67Contents 5BEAM SECT Parameter■■■68Orientation of the Section in Space68Definition of the section68Error Analysis74ocal AdaptivityNumber of Elements Created7474Boundary Conditions75Location of new nodes76Adaptive Criteria77Automatic Global remeshing80Remeshing criteria84Remeshing TechniquesPatran Tetrahedral mesher885 Structural Procedure LibraryLinear Analysis99Accuracy100Error estimates100Adaptive meshing101Fourier Analysis101Nonlinear Analysis104Geometric nonlinearities108Eulerian FormulationArbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian(AEL) Formulation118Nonlinear Boundary Conditions118Buckling Analysis120Perturbation Analysis121Computational Procedures for Elastic-Plastic Analysis126Creep138Viscoelasticity142Viscoplasticity143Fracture Mechanics144Linear fracture mechanics144Nonlinear fracture mechanics147Numerical Evaluation of the J-integral148Numerical Evaluation of the Energy Release Rate with the VCCT Method150Automatic Crack PropagationDynamic Fracture Methodology1626 Marc Volume A: Theory and User InformationDynamic crack Propagation..162Crack Initiation163Mesh Splitting165Mesh Splitting Along Edges or Faces165Mesh Cutting167Dynamics...168Modal(Eigenvalue) Analysis.168Harmonic Response172Spectrum Response75Transient Analysis179Inertia relief191Rigid Body Mode Evaluation.191Rigid-Plastic Flow195Steady State Analysis95Transient Analysis196Technical background..196Superplasticity197Soil Analysis199Technical formulation200Mechanical Wear.,,,,,,,,203Design Sensitivity Analysis........■■205Theoretical considerations207Design Optimization208Approximation of Response Functions Over the Design Space..209Improvement of the Approximation211The Optimization algorithmMarc User Interface for Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization212Define Initial State with Results from a Previous Analysis215Pre state215Model sections217Steady State Rolling Analysis219Kinematics219lnetⅰaE仟fect...221Rolling Contact221Steady state rolling with marc221ContentsStructural Zooming Analysis.222Element Types Supported223Uncoupled Thermal Stress Analysis223Cure-Thermal-Mechanically Coupled Analysis224Cure Kinetics225Cure Shrinkage Strain228References,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2296 Nonstructural Procedure LibraryHeat Transfer234Thermal Contact235Convergence Controls235Steady state Analysis236Transient Analysisemperature Effects238Initial Conditions239Boundary Conditions239Surface Energy243Thermochemical Ablation and Surface Energy Balance244Mathematical Presentation244Mechanical Erosion251Mechanical Erosion by Other Actions251pyrolySis251Coking255Monitoring Thermal Degradation258Presentation of the Energy Equation260Ablation262Welding27Radiation278Conrad Gap292Channel293Output294Diffusion295Technical Background296Hydrodynamic Bearing300Technical Background3028 Marc Volume A: Theory and User InformationElectrostatic Analysis304Technical Background305Magnetostatic Analysis308Technical background..309Magnetodynamic Analysis∴∴320Technical Background322Piezoelectric Analysis325Technical Background326Strain Based Piezoelectric Coupling..328Acoustic Analysis328Rigid Cavity Acoustic Analysis328Technical Background329Fluid mechanics330Finite element formulation333Penalty Method335Steady State Analysis336Transient Analysis336Solid Analysis336Solution of Coupled Problems in Fluids..336Degrees of Freedom337Element Types.337Coupled Analyses∴..■量■画■■■,,,,,,,,339Thermal Mechanically Coupled Analysis341Coupled Acoustic-Structural AnalysisFluid/Solid Interaction- Added Mass Approach342346Coupled Electrostatic-Structural Analysis348Coupled Magnetostatic-Structural Analysis350Coupled Thermal-Electrical Analysis (Joule Heating)352Coupled Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Analysis355Coupled Magnetostatic-Thermal Analysis357Coupled Magnetodynamic-Thermal Analysis358Coupled Magnetodynamic-Thermal-Structural Analysis..359References∴,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,362Contents 97 Material LibraryLinear Elastic Material365Composite Material ......367Layered Materials368Classical Lamination Theory for Multi-Layered Shells371Material Preferred direction372Material Dependent Failure Criteria376Interlaminar Shear for Thick Shell, Beam, Solid shell, and 3-d Composite brick elements394Interlaminar Stresses for continuum composite elements397Progressive Composite Failure397Mixture model399Gasket403Constitutive model403Nonlinear Hypoelastic Material407Thermo-Mechanical Shape Memory Model422Transformation Induced deformation424Constitutive Theory425Phase Transformation strains425Experimental Data Fitting for Thermo-mechanical Shape Memory Alloy427Mechanical Shape Memory Model431Conversion from Thermo-Mechanical to Mechanical SMA oyExperimental Data Fitting for Mechanical Shape Memory alle434435Elastomer436Updated Lagrange formulation for nonlinear elasticity455Time-independent Inelastic Behavior456Yield Conditions458Mohr-Coulomb Material(Hydrostatic Stress Dependence)464Buyukozturk Criterion(Hydrostatic Stress Dependence)465Powder material465Obtaining Crush Curve and Shear Failure Parameters by Curve Fitting in Marc475Work or strain hardening.....,,,479Flow rule485Constitutive Relations486Time-independent Cyclic Plasticity489Time-dependent Inelastic Behavior492Creep(Maxwell Model)翻495Oak Ridge National Laboratory Laws50010 Marc Volume A: Theory and User InformationSwelling.501Viscoplasticity502Time-dependent Cyclic Plasticity502Anand solder model504Viscoelastic Material505Bergstrom-Boyce Model516Narayanaswamy Model518Frequency-dependent Material Behavior522Viscoelastic Material Behavior in the Frequency Domain522Thermo-Rheologically Simple Material Behavior in the Frequency Domain538Deformation Dependent Relaxation in the Frequency Domain539Harmonic Equations of motion541Performing viscoelastic Analysis in the Frequency Domain543Temperature Effects and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,546Piecewise Linear Representation547Temperature-Dependent Creep548Coefficient of Thermal Expansion549Time-Temperature-Transformation549Low Tension Material552Uniaxial Cracking Data552LoW Tension Cracking552Tension Softening552Crack Closure553Crushing553Analysis554Soil model554Elastic Models554Cam-Clay Model555Evaluation of soil parameters for the critical state soil model557Damage Models565Ductile metals565Elastomers568Cohesive Zone Modeling570Nonstructural materials578Heat transfer analysis579Piezoelectric Analysis579Thermo-Electrical Analysis579Coupled Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Analysis579Hydrodynamic Bearing AnalysisFluid/ Solid Interaction Analysis- Added Mass approach579.579
- 2020-12-04下载
- 积分:1