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不错的汽车动力学教材，是参与汽车底盘电子开发的动力学基础。Reza n. jazarVehicle DynamicsTheory and ApplicationsSpringerReza n. jazarDept of Mechanical EngineeringManhattan collegeRiverdale. NY 10471ISBN:978-0-387-74243-4e-ISBN:978-0-387-74244-1Library of Congress Control Number: 200794219c 2008 Springer Science+ Business Media, LLCAll rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without thewritten permission of the publisher(Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 SpringStreet, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews orscholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrievalelectronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now knownor hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarksservice marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as anexpression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rightsPrinted on acid-free paper987654321springer. comKavoshmy daughter, Vazan,and my wife, MojganHappiness is when you win a race against yourselfPrefaceThis text is for engineering students. It introduces the fundamental knowledge used in vehicle dymamics. This knowledge can be utilized to developcomputer programs for analyzing the ride, handling, and optimization ofroad vehiclesVehicle dynamics has been in the engineering curriculum for more thana hundred years. Books on the subject are available, but most of themare written for specialists and are not suitable for a classroom applicationA new student, engineer, or researcher would not know where and howto start learning vehicle dynamics. So, there is a need for a textbook forbeginners. This textbook presents the fundamentals with a perspective onfuture trendsThe study of classical vehicle dynamics has its roots in the work ofgreat scientists of the past four centuries and creative engineers in thepast century who established the methodology of dynamic systems. Thedevelopment of vehicle dynamics has moved toward modeling, analysisand optimization of multi-body dynamics supported by some compliantmembers. Therefore, merging dynamics with optimization theory was anexpected development. The fast-growing capability of accurate positioninsensing, and calculations, along with intelligent computer programming arethe other important developments in vehicle dynamics. So, a textbook helpthe reader to make a computer model of vehicles, which this book doesLevel of the bookThis book has evolved from nearly a decade of research in nonlineardynamic systems and teaching courses in vehicle dynamics. It is addressedprimarily to the last year of undergraduate study and the first year graduatestudent in engineering. Hence, it is an intermediate textbook. It providesboth fundamental and advanced topics. The whole book can be coveredin two successive courses, however, it is possible to jump over some sections and cover the book in one course. Students are required to know thefundamentals of kinematics and dynamics, as well as a basic knowledge ofnumerical methodsThe contents of the book have been kept at a fairly theoretical-practicallevel. Many concepts are deeply explained and their application empha-sized, and most of the related theories and formal proofs have been explained. The book places a strong emphasis on the physical meaning andapplications of the concepts. Topics that have been selected are of highinterest in the field. An attempt has been made to expose students to aPrefacebroad range of topics and approachese There are four special chapters that are indirectly related to vehicle dy-amics: Applied Kinematics, Applied Mechanisms, Applied dynamics, andApplied vibrations. These chapters provide the related background to understand vehicle dynamics and its subsystemsOrganization of the bookThe text is organized so it can be used for teaching or for self-studyChapter 1"Fundamentals, "contains general preliminaries about tire andrim with a brief review of road vehicle classificationsPart I"One Dimensional Vehicle Dynamics, " presents forward vehicledynamics, tire dynamics, and driveline dynamics. Forward dynamics refersto weight transfer, accelerating braking, engine performance, and gear ratiodesignPart II"Vehicle Kinematics, presents a detailed discussion of vehiclemechanical subsystems such as steering and suspensionsPart IIT"Vehicle Dynamics, employs Newton and Lagrange methodsto develop the maneuvering dynamics of vehiclesPart Iv "Vehicle Vibrations, presents a detailed discussion of vehi-cle vibrations. An attempt is made to review the basic approaches anddemonstrate how a vehicle can be modeled as a vibrating multiple degreeof-freedom system. The concepts of the Newton-Euler dynamics and La-grangian method are used equally for derivation of equations of motionThe RMS optimization technique for suspension design of vehicles is intro-duced and applied to vehicle suspensions. The outcome of the optimizationtechnique is the optimal stiffness and damping for a car or suspended equipmentMethod of presentationThis book uses a fact-reason-application"structure. The "fact"is themain subject we introduce in each section. Then the reason is given as a" proof. The application of the fact is examined in some examples. Theexamplesare a very important part of the book because they show howto implement the facts. They also cover some other facts that are neededto expand the subjectPrerequisitesSince the book is written for senior undergraduate and first-year graduatelevel students of engineering, the assumption is that users are familiar withmatrix algebra as well as basic dynamics. Prerequisites are the fundamentals of kinematics, dynamics, vector analysis, and matrix theory. Thesebasics are usually taught in the first three undergraduate yearsPrefaceUnit SystemThe system of units adopted in this book is, unless otherwise stated, theinternational system of units(SI). The units of degree(deg)or radian(rad)are utilized for variables representing angular quantitiesSymbolse Lowercase bold letters indicate a vector. Vectors may be expressed inan n dimensional Euclidian space. ExamplerCUppercase bold letters indicate a dynamic vector or a dynamic matrix, such as force and moment. ExampleFo Lowercase letters with a hat indicate a unit vector. Unit vectors arenot bolded. ExampleLowercase letters with a tilde indicate a 3 x 3 skew symmetric matrixassociated to a vector. Examplea3211An arrow above two uppercase letters indicates the start and endpoints of a position vector. ExampleON = a position vector from point o to point Ne The length of a vector is indicated by a non-bold lowercase letterExampleCapital letter B is utilized to denote a body coordinate frame. ExampleB(ocgB(Oxyz)B1(o1x19121)ⅹ11PrefaceCapital letter G is utilized to denote a global, inertial, or fixed coordinate frame. ExampleG(XYZG(OXYZRight subscript on a transformation matrix indicates the departureframes. ExampleRB= transformation matrix from frame B(oxyz)Left superscript on a transformation matrix indicates the destinationframe. ExampleRBtransformation matrix from frame B(o cgz)to frame G(OxYZ)Capital letter R indicates rotation or a transformation matrix, if itshows the beginning and destination coordinate frames. Example0BSIn a0Whenever there is no sub or superscript, the matrices are shown in abracket. ExampleCOS asin a osIn aCOs O0e Left superscript on a vector denotes the frame in which the vectoris expressed. That superscript indicates the frame that the vectorbelongs to; so the vector is expressed using the unit vectors of thatEr= position vector expressed in frame G(OXYZ)Right subscript on a vector denotes the tip point that the vector isreferred to. ExamplePsition vector ofexpressed in coordinate frame G(OXYZ)Right subscript on an angular velocity vector indicates the frame thatthe angular vector is referred to. ExampleB= angularof the body coordinate frame B(oxyz)

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Axure是一个可以快速制作网页原型并转换成HTML代码的软件，本教程详细的介绍了Axure的操作指导，推荐致力于网页制作的同学和工作人员使用！配置HTIL原型常规常规注注交分目的文件夹d:40011桌面M002选择一个生成Hm原型的输出目录匚生成一关闭3.生成完成后,会自动弹出一个浏览器窗口,打开生成的原型。9) Hone- mozilla Firefox食可节=国m1,∥/0/a0A面00无标题t可关闭框架B DHomePage 2D Page 3enter text左侧是所有页面的列表enter tex右侧是页面内容4.如果是正E浏览器为默认浏览器,选择”允许阻止内容”。a Untitled Document- microsoft Internet Explorer文件吧)编辑①查看0收藏④5)工具〔)帮助Q⊙团心户数☆收的,品园q自地址))D1201桌面0无标题 Start. html①为希助保护您的安全, Internet Explorer尸经阳时件能问绍的计算机的活动内容,单击允许阻止的内容()Close Frames有何风险)?信息栏帮助QomeB Page 1L Page 2B Page 3浏览器,选择“允许阻止内容。r0o3关闭用IE打开 Axure原型时的安全警告由于用 Axure生成的Htm原型带有 JavaScript脚本,用正在本地直接打开的话会出现安全警告。Untitled Document- microsoft Internet Explorer文件①)编辑①查看0收藏④)工具①)w助00⊙后⊙国团搜☆收的·品园变日地址):101桌面102无标题 Start. html①为帮助保护您的安全, Internet Explorer尸经阳性黑可的记你的计算机的活动内容,单击许阻止的内容④)Close Frames有何风险)?信息栏帮助Q回HomeBPageL Page 2正浏览器,选择“允许阻止内容。为了方便在高级设置里可以关闭这项安全警告。在IE选项一一高级一一安全区,找到允许活动内容在我的计算机上的文件中运行”,打上对勾点击应用”即可。详细设置位置可以见下图Internet选项常规1安全隐私内容连接程序高级设置()口启用集成 indows身份验证要重启动)使用ss2.0使用ssL3.0回活动内容在的计机的攻件中元一的活动内告在耸口允许运行或安装软件,即使签名无效口在安全和非安全模式之间转换时发出警告区重定向提交的表单时发出警告从地址栏中搜索搜时o不从地址栏中搜索显示结果,然后转到最柚近的站点只在主窗口中显示结果击还原默认设置0gL确定取消」应用如果使用的是谷歌浏览器,有一些交互效果可能体现不出来。需要安装一个 Axure RP For chrome演示扩展http://www.webppd.com/thread-2294-1-1.htmlr004把网格调整成5pX更有利于自动对齐axure的主编辑区有网格显示,可以辅助一些自动对齐的作用。把网络的间隔调整成5pX,更有利于内容的自动对齐。注意5px要手写输入,下拉选择里最小是10px。ce RP Pro5.6:授权予 IloveyouAxure查看①涯图①对象)来格()生成⑨共享(帮助(B自定义注解字段和视图(A)…管理页面注释①D管理变量(D活除所有注解重分配脚注号码(B重排所有连接线D网格对话框管理模块中增加的事件(5)式单位:像索网格问际标记模峡思显示屏幕网格标记图片映射区域(B用手写输入0x标记动态面板①D对齐到网格t1+t松G)关闭框图Ctrl+y祥式○直⊙交叉点入框DI设置⊙目○其它列表确定[取消:计::意框把编辑区的冈络调整成5px间隔,更有利于内容的自动对齐。L区r005认识一下 Axure的软件界面打开 Axure软件,照图先简单认识下 Axure的软件界面,无标是ApF56数权子1ym交件①①图对家粉①生惠(3共15帮动D工具栏L口e添加交互动作区正在编稱的页面,点这儿可关闭。自定义Descrption页面导航区添加页面上注度图·A如设置注样选项页面内容编阵区Target Rolea元件面板区和认带模块存放区事件事件晝整頁的文字注榉区真面入加、1自动保完虑r006页面导航区操作1.基本操作一试便知。站点地图中中段日HmePage 1Page 2Page 3基本操作一试便知2.重命名,直接按F2也可以重命名。合4中中应添加(A移动(M应删除①重命名(B动设计页面(E创建副本(cC图表类型(T生成流程图将路径放到脚贴板线框图给页面重命名技巧:选中页面直接按F2也可以重命名,F2是 Windows默认的重命名键。3.创建当前页或分支的副本。回deo- Axure RP Pro5.6:授权予 Iloveyou文件(P)编辑(E查看(y鱿框图()对象(表格〔T)生成站点地图Home区曾分9中中添加(A移动(M删除(D可以复制一份当前页内容重命名(B设计页面(E)创建副本〔c页面(P图表类型(T分支(E生成流程图将UR路径放到剪贴板可以复制一份当前整个分支页内容4.修改图表类型。de0- Axure RP Pro5.6:授权予 Iloveyou.xu文件①)编辑()查看(y)线框图()对象()表格(T生成(站点地图Home中中添加(A:移动(删除①D重命名(B设计页面(E∷:∷创建副本(c图表类型(T线框图生成流程图流程图(P将U路径放刭剪贴板修改类型之后,页面前的图标会有变化。一般在用于画流程图的页面中才修改页面的类型。5.把页面结构生成流程图。园Ao- Axure RPPr56:教权子Il9ym文件①E)线①D查看①)线相图①Y对象()表格生成G)共享①)帮助(D國气圆结点地图4中中之1g,poo ks加(6段班除①重命名(BHome设计贝面(g创本)agePage 2Page 1生成流程Page 2线相目Page 3可以把页面的结构生成流程图图片文本超接6.生成某个页面的URI地址。包de- Axure Pro5.6:授权千1 loveyouAxu文件(D)编辑①E)查看0D就框图(Y对象(Q)表格(T)生成()共享)帮期B四气呐世分移动nH: axure D idemo rp?pid=9336b0ae-1db6-481a-9a42-cf539949a37d像删除⑨重命名(B过设计页面(生成的以上地址可以在本机地址栏里打开,执行后是用 Axure打开对应页面进入编辑代态创津本g图表类型(T注意:整个地址中,任何位置出现中文,打开时将不能找到对应的页面。将师路径放到剪贴板就图此功能基本上没什么用,实际使用中极少用到。r0o7控件面板区一一组件库1. axure提供的默认组件,线框图和流程图。组件线框图所有库线框图流程图超链接Axure默认提供了最常的Web载入库控件,有线框图、流程图包建库(c)编辑库将按钮刷新库(R卸载库(DA表格输入框输入域还可以自己创建或载入库一些人制作和分享的组件库。2.组件库的扩展名为rpb,可以从网上下载获http://www.axure.com/widgetlibraries.aspx可以为你提供更多样式效果的组件。