Buck-Boost充电Matlab仿真模型

用高光（摄像头旁的 LED 闪光灯，或者其他足够亮的光源也可）照亮指尖皮下毛细血管，当心脏将新鲜的血液压入毛细血管时，亮度（红色的深度）会有轻微变化，通过摄像头监测这一有规律变化的间隔，即可算出心跳了

本文档主要定义了汽车故障码，以及汽车故障码的定义。可以帮助大家很快的了解汽车诊断故障码soDs15031-63ContentsForewardIntroduction,…,…,Scope..…n-n-n-……n1Normative references…,2345Terms and definitionsGeneral specifications.…,,,…,,,Format structure5.1 Description256675.2 ISO/SAE controlled codes(core DTCs5.3 Manufacturer controlled codes(non-uniform DTCs)....5.4 Body system groupings85.4.1 B0XXX ISO/SAE controlled542B1 XXX manufacturer contro∥ep∴885. 4.3 B2XXX manufacturer controlled8544B3 XXX reserved by document.…..,,,…,…,…………………85.5Chassis system groupings.85.5.1 COXXX ISO/SAE controlled85.52c1XXXmanufacturercontroled..85.5.3 C2XXX manufacturer controlled8Powertrain system groupings -DTC numbers and descriptions are given in AnnexB. BM,....5.5. 4 C3XXX reserved by document85.65.6.1 POXXX ISO/SAE controlled85.6.2 P1XXX manufacturer control85.63P2XXX|SOSAEcontoed…85.6.4 P3XXX manufacturer controlled and iso/sae reserved5.7Network groupings- dtc numbers and descriptions are given in Annex c5.7.1 UOXXX ISO/SAE controlled5.7.2 U1XXX manufacturer controlled5.7.3 U2XXX manufacturer controlled5.7.4 3XXX reserved88888896Diagnostic trouble code descriptions.……Change requests,.,,,,,,,,,…,…,10Annex a (normative)Diagnostic trouble code naming guidelines11A1 DiscussionAnnex B(normative) Powertrain system diagnostic trouble code...14B. 1 PooXX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls.14B2P01 XX Fuel and air metering-….…17B.3P02XX Fuel and air metering20B.4P03 XX Ignition system or misfire……………,……,.,…………………………………23B5P04 XX Auxiliary emission controls.……,…,………,……,,……………,………………27B6P05 XX Vehicle speed, idle control, and auxiliary inputs,,,,,,…,…,…,…,…30o Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3B7 P06XX Computer and auxiliary outputs3B.8P07XX Transmission画画画画国面面国面面画画面B国画面画国36B 9P08 XX Transmission…………39B.10P09XXTransmissSion.42B11 P0AXX Hybrid Propulsion..l量amB12 POBXX Reservedn47B13 PoCXX Reserved by Document画B47B14 PODXX Reserved by Document………47B15 POEXX Reserved by documentB16P0 FXX Reserved by d。 cument…,,,,,…,,…47B 17 P10XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls....... ....47B 18 P11XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering....47B19P12 XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering……….…....….…..….…….…….47B20P13 XX Manufacturer controlled ignition system or misfire…………47B21 P14XX Manufacturer controlled auxiliary emission controls.................47B22 P15XX Manufacturer controlled vehicle speed, idle control,B23 P16XX Manufacturer controlled computer and auxiliary outputs......47B24 P17XX Manufacturer controlled transmission47B.25P18XXManufacturercontro|ledtransmission∴…47B26 P19XX Manufacturer controlled transmission47B27 P20XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls48B28 P21XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls..m..8…………51B 29 P22XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls54B 30 P23XX Ignition system or58B31 P24XX Auxiliary Emission Controls59B32 P25XX Auxiliary Inputs61B33P26 XX Computer& Auxiliary outputs.……63B, 34 P27XX Transmission66B,35 P28XX ISO/SAE reserved69B 36 P29XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls69B 37 P30XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls69B38 P31XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls........69B39P32 XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls……………a69B40 P33XX ignition system or misfire69B41 P34XX Cylinder Deactivation...n69B, 42 P35XX ISO/SAE reservedB.43P36XS0SAEeserved.73B.44P37XXSOSAEreserVved173B, 45 P38XX ISO/SAE reserved∴73B, 46 P39XX ISO/SAE reserved73Annex C(normative)Network communication groupings74C,1 U00XX Network electricala74C2 U01XX Network Communication77C,3 U02XX Network Communication80C, 4 U03X Network Software81C 5 U04XX Network Data83o ISo 2002- All rights reservedsoDs15031-6.3ForewardISo(the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(Isomember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISo technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with Iso, also take part in the work. Iso collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission(EC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardizationInternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the iSo/EC Directives, Part 3Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votingPublication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 of the member bodies casting a voteAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of iso 15031 may be the subject of patentrights. ISo shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rightsInternational Standard ISo 15031-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISo/C 22, Road vehiclesSubcommittee SC3, Electric and electronic eguipmentThis second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1.DIs) dated June 2000 of which has been technicallyrevisedISo 15031 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles-Communication between vehicleand external test equipment for emissions-related diagnosticsPart 1: Genera/ informationPart 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsPart 3: Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits: specification and usePart 4: EXternal test equipment- Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic servicesPart 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitionso Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3IntroductionIso 15031 consists of a number of parts which taken together provides a coherent self consistent set ofspecifications to facilitate emissions-related diagnostics. Parts 2 through 7 are based on SAE recommendedracticesThis part is based on SAE J2012: MAR99(Recommended Practice for Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions)ISo 15031-1 General information, provides an introduction to the standardMost automobile manufacturers are equipping at least a portion of their product line with some on-board diagnostic(OBD) capability. These systems provide an indication as to the general location of the diagnosed malfunction. Thisinformation is provided through an alphanumeric codeo ISo 2002- All rights reservedDRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDlso/D|s150316.3Road vehicles -Communication between vehicle and externaltest equipment for emissions-related diagnostics- Part 6Diagnostic trouble code definitions1 ScopeThis part of iso 15031 provides some recommended uniformity for alphanumeric trouble codes. It further providesguidance for uniform messages associated with these codesIt specifies several sections addressing format, structure, messages, and a few examples, and is applicable toelectricallelectronic systems diagnostics of motor vehiclesAnnex A specifies the diagnostic trouble code naming guidelines for signals from componentsAnnex B specifies the actual code assignments and description for Powertrain system diagnostic trouble codesAnnex C specifies the actual code assignments and description for network communicationAdditional annexes for body systems and chassis systems are under preparation2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of iso 15031. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsdo not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of iso 15031 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of iso and IEC maintainregisters of currently valid International StandardsSo15031-2Road vehicles -Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissionsrelated diagnostics- Part 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsSO15031-5Road vehicles- Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissionsrelated diagnostics- Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic serviceso Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.33 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this part of Iso 15031, the following definitions apply. terms and definitions of iso 15031 -1 maybe used to hold definitions of terms used within more than one part of iso 15031. It is not intended to be used forterms and definitions of vehicle component terminology: these may appear in ISo 15031-23.1circuit/openfixed value or no response from the system where specific high or low detection is not feasible or can be used inconjunction with circuit low and high codes where all three circuit conditions can be detectedNOTEThe term"malfunction"has, in most cases, been deleted from the dtC description3.2range/performancecircuit is in the normal operating range, but not correct for current operating conditions, it may be used to indicatestuck or skewed values indicating poor performance of a circuit, component, or system3.3low inputcircuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or pin that is belowthe normal operating range3.4high inputcircuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or pin that is abovethe normal operating range3.5bankspecific group of cylinders sharing a common control sensor, bank 1 always contains cylinder number 1, bank 2 isthe opposite bankNOTE If there is only one bank, use bank #1 DTCs and the word bank may be omitted. With a single"bank"system usingmultiple sensors, use bank #13.6sensor locationlocation of a sensor in relation the engine air flow, starting from the fresh air intake through to the vehicle tailpipe orfuel flow from the fuel tank to the engine in order numbering 1, 2, 3 and so onNOTEsee figures 1-42o ISo 2002- All rights reservedso/Ds15031-63B1 S3B1 S1B1S2(wide range)(heated)CatalystCatalystTail PipeCyl.1 Cylinder Bank 1V6/8/V12 CylinderEngingCylinder Bank 2Exhaust Bank 2analystCatalystTail PipeB2 S12S2(Bank 2- Sensor 1) Bank 2-Sensor 2B2 S3(Bank 2-Sensor 3)Figure 1-V6/v8/12 Cylinder Engine with 2 exhaust banks and 4 Catalysts example1s1(Bank 1- Sensor 1)(Banκ1- Sensor2)CaiystExhaust bankB1 S3yC ylinder bank 1(heatedV6/V8/V12 CylinderCatalystTail PipeEngineC ylinder bank 2Exhaust Bank 2B2 S2(Bank 2- sensor 2)32S1heated(Bank2· sensor1)Figure 2-V6/8/V12 Cylinder Engine with 2 exhaust banks and 3 Catalysts exampleo Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3B1 S3B1 S1B1 S2(Bank 1-Sensor 1)(Bank 1-Sensor 2)(Bank 1-Sensor 3(heated(wide range)(heated)兰∞Sx山CatalystCatalystTail PipeFigure 3-L4/L5/L6 Cylinder Engine with 1 exhaust bank and 2 Catalysts exampleB1 S1B1 S2(Bank 1- Sensor 1)(Bank 1-Sensor 2(wide range)(heated)=2CatalystTail Pipe834Figure 4-L4/L5/L6 Cylinder Engine with 1 exhaust bank and 1 Catalyst example3.7eft/right and front/rearcomponent identified by its position as if it can be viewed from the drivers seating position3.8ABwhere components are indicated by a letter (i.e., A,B, C, etc. this would be manufacturer defined, starting withcomponent A3.9intermittent/erraticthe signal is temporarily discontinuous, the duration of the fault is not sufficient to be considered an open or shortor the rate of change is excessiveo ISo 2002- All rights reserved

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VC++之MFC类库中文手册（含MFC控件使用手册），很好的一套资料，里边另配一个txt的说明

此为IEEE 14节点潮流计算测试系统，已调试成功，可根据需要进行拓展为其他标准IEEE测试系统

WaSP.Engineering.wasp组件

一般都比较能用的94授权软件 支持Win7 Win8 Win10请管理员运行

maple教程，让你更好的学习maple，教程完整而且全面1.3 Maple的基本功能maillist: mathgroupowolfram comMaple的网络资源:http://www.maplesoft.comhttp://daisy.uwaterloo.caftp//ftp.maplesoft.commaillist: maple-listodaisy uwaterloo caMatlab的网络资源http://www.mathworks.comftp//ftp.mathworks.comnews: //comp. soft-sys matlabREDUCE的网络资源http://www.rrz.uni-koeln.de/reducehttp://www.zib.de/symbolik/reduceftp: //ftp. rand. org/software_and_data/reduce符号计算研究机构及信息中心http://t mcs. kelh七七p://ww.cain.nl/http://www.risc.uni-linz.ac.atnews: //sci. math. symbolic其它符号计算软件的网络地址Derivehttp://www.derive.comMacaulay2http://www.math.uiuc.edu/macaulay2/Macsymahttp://www.macsyma.comMagmahttp://www.maths.usydeduau:8000/u/magma,Mathcadhttp://www.mathsoft.com№uPadhttp://www.mupad.deScilabhttp://www-rocq.inria.fr/scilab/13 Maple的基本功能计算札代数系统与其它计算札语言的木质区别是:计算机代数系统具有符号计算的能力,为用户提供交互式的计算环境,可以进行常规的数学计算,可以根据给定的数学函数画出函数的二维或三维图形.下面我们简要描述 Maple的基本功能数值计算对于普通的数, Maple总是进行精确的计算,这种规则对于有理数和无理数是相冋的.因此对于无珥数 Maple按照有关的数学规则进行计算,只有当用户需要计算浮点数近似值时, Maple才按照用户要求的精度计算>1/5+1/49第一章 Maple系统简介5!/21evalf o%)5.7142857141f(Pi,40)3.14159265589793238462643:383279502884197>2.496745643/2;1.248372822>abs(3+5*I);>(3+4*I)/(1+工);从上面的例子可以看到,对于复薮Mape按照复数的规则进行计算.多项式符号计算系统的最基本功能是处理符号表达式,多项式则是最基本的符号表达式.从下面的例子中可以看到 Maple可以用各种方式处理多项式、三角表达式、指数与对数等许多数学表达式> factor(x^4+2*x^3-12米x^2+40*x-64(x-2)(x3+4x2-4x:+32)expand((x+1)"5)+5x4+10x3+10:2+5x+1lify (exp (x*log(y)))simplify(sin(x)2+cos(x)2)> xpand((x2-a)^3*(x+b-1));x7+x6b-26-3:5a-3x4ab+34a+3x3a2+3x2a2b-3x2a2-a3-a3b+a3expand(cos (4*x)+4*cos(2*x)+3, trig)1.3Mapl的基本功能bine(4*cos(x)"3, trig)cos (3 c)+3 cos(a)解方程用 Maple来解简单的方程是毫无问题的,即使是很复杂的方程 Maple也可以用数值计算的方法来处理.>Slve(x^2-3*x=2,x);31>g1sys:={2*x+31,x-y-z=4,3*x+7*z=3solve(glsys)24974311> fsolve({x2+y2=10,x^y=2},{x,y});{=3.102449071,y=.6122170880}矩阵计算Mapl还有许多命令可以处理矩阵和向量,不过需要调用线性代数软件包1inag.还有一点特别的是,作矩阵的乘法需要一个特殊的算子&*>with (linalg)Warning, new definition for normWarning, new definition for traceatrix([[2,3],[1,4]);2314inverse(a), det(a)([L,x],[y,z]])b:=第一章 Maple系统简介eval(a+b)2+03++y4+eval(a &* b)2w+3y2x+3+4yx+4极限,求和与乘积对于普通的求极限问题,可以接用 Maple来计算,它还可以符号的计算级数的和与积.当符号计算不成功时,还可以作数值计算>1imit((sqrt(1+x)-1)/x,x=0);limit(x!/xx, infinity);y);evalf(product(1+1/x"2, x=1.. infinity ));3.676077910微分与积分用 Maple来求微分是相当容易的,使用diff命令即可以求出数学表达式的微分,不过求出的结果可能是相当复杂,因此運常还要用 simplify命令进行化简.求数学表达式的定积分和不定积分就相对复杂一些,需要某些特定的算法.对于复杂的函数,求出的结果可能是某些特殊函数.对于定积分,还可以用eva1f求出积分的数值.simplify(diff((x-1)/(x"2+1), x));1-2diff(sin(x*y),x);g ) yint(1/(1+x+x^2),x);2cH1.3 Maple的基本功能int(sin(x 2),x=a.b)FresnelS(bint(sin (x)/x, x=o.5)eva1.549931245微分方程对于不太复杂的常微分方程, Maple可以求出它的符号解.如果你没有给初始条件,或者给的初始条什或边界条件不全,在解的公式中会带有积分常量> deq: =diff(y(x), x)*y(x)(1+x 2)=x;n:=(ny(x)y()(1+x2)dsolve(deq},{y(x)});y(a)=vIn(1+ c2), y(a)ln(1+x:2)> dsolve((y(x)2-x)*D(y)(x)+x^2-y(x)=0,{y(x)});1- y().r+oy()C1级数展开当数学问题比较复杂时,求出准确解通常是不可能的,用 serles作级数展开是有帮助的series(sin(x), x=0, 10)9+O(x5040362880例如在下列微分方程中,就是用级数方式求出的微分方程级数解>口rder:=10deq: =diff(y(x), x$2)+diff(y(x), x)+(x)=x+sin(x02v(a))+y(a)> sln1:=dsolve((deg, y(0)=0, D(y)(0)=0,y(x)1, series)3nt:y(m)=a2-1412405040x23+O(x21)20160181440第一章 Maple系统筒介Laplace和 Fourier变换Laplace变换和 Fourier变换是常用的数学变换.在 Maple中有一个积分变换的程序包inttrans提供了各种积分变换和它们的逆变换with (inttrans)s);s cos(a)+sin(a+1invlaplace(%,s, t)(a)cos(t)+sin(a)sin(tcombine(%, trig);(t-a)alias(sigma=Heaviside)f: =sigma(t+1)g: =simplify(fourier(f, t, w))I(T Dirac(an)w-Dsin(an)插值与函数拟合的像々命令可以由m个点出发计算m-1阶的插值多项式.在下例中的取值是1到10y的值是1到10之间的10个随机数f是相应的插值多项式datax:=[seq (i, i=1.10)]> data:=[seq(rand(10)(),i=1..10)]dataxy: =zip((x, y)->Lx,y], datax, datay)dater:=[1,1],②2,0],[3.7,[4,3],⑤,6],6,8,[7,5,8,8],[⑨,1,[10,9f:=interp(datax, data, x)1751711699371927323176741652577518404U3206048028801728057603240l8116483166915333602520x-2使用数值逼近程序包 numapprox中的pade命令可以计算一个给定函数的有理逼近函数以及其它类型的逼近函数with(numapprox)>x0:= solve(x^2=Pi/2)[1]T1.3 Maple的基本功能>f:=pade(tan(x^2),x=x0,[3,3])f:=(-17280m19/2√2+10800%17+43200%138-76809%13x103072%12m25/2√2-324007152V2+3840x232√2+2880%179+30729%13712+2010%2x2￥2-14100%1x2y2-1520%1m2)/(-11520丌1+1024x13-1400x9-10800)%1+(7680x23/22-115209/2v2+21600m15/2v2%12+(-7680m12+3156010+648007)%1)1:=evalf(normal(f))45329581221092-.1125313130109+10541843601093+.5353835473109x)/(2(.109716870010x2+.S958248690103-,135628886010)图形最常用的画图命令是plot和plot3d.下面的例子说明了使用在两个命令的方法>plot(sin(x)*exp(1)^(-x/7),x=0,,4*Pi);plot 3d(sin(x)exp(1)"y, x=0.. 2*Pi, y=0.. Pi, axes=boxedMaple编程Maple不仅可以对数学表达式进行计算,还可以编程.他的编程语言和其它的结构化编程语言很相似第一章 Maple系统简介f(x:: nonnegint)2 option rememberif x=0 then olif x=1 then 1else f(x-1)+f(x-2) end ifend>f(40)10233415514 Maple系统的交互使用Maple的窗口环境提供了先进的工作区界面.其护充的数学功能简明易用,用户可以在其中展现数学思想,创建复杂的技术报告,充分发挥 Maple的功能图1.1: Maple的窗凵环境B6型团囚K9 United [u]. 5e e11C wOrksheet ElementsABTAEZHIKAMint((PI/2)3in(x)+22,:NEOIPLYXΩI cor]+-plo({-1/2too8(x),x=10.,10际回四a Maple的上具条B内容工具条,它还包含一个输入和编辑文本的区域C节的头部及标题D Maple的输入,提小符为“>”,显小为红色

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