系统辨识大牛Ljung编写的MATLAB系统辨识使用手册
系统辨识大牛Ljung编写的MATLAB系统辨识使用手册，这本书详细地介绍了在MATLAB已经所属simulink环境下，系统辨识工具箱的一些使用办法，是一本非常经典的教材！Revision Historypril 1988First printingJuly 1991Second printingMay1995Third printingNovember 2000 Fourth printingRevised for Version 5.0(Release 12)pril 2001Fifth printingJuly 2002Online onlyRevised for Version 5.0.2 Release 13)June 2004Sixth printingRevised for Version 6.0.1(Release 14)March 2005Online onlyRevised for Version 6.1.1Release 14SP2)September 2005 Seventh printingRevised for Version 6.1.2(Release 14SP3)March 2006Online onlyRevised for Version 6.1.3(Release 2006a)September 2006 Online onlyRevised for Version 6.2 Release 2006b)March 2007Online onlyRevised for Version 7.0 ( Release 2007a)September 2007 Online onlyRevised for Version 7.1 (Release 2007bMarch 2008Online onlyRevised for Version 7.2(Release 2008a)October 2008Online onlyRevised for Version 7.2.1 Release 2008b)March 2009Online onlyRevised for Version 7.3(Release 2009a)September 2009 Online onlyRevised for Version 7.3.1(Release 2009b)March 2010Online onlyRevised for Version 7. 4 (Release 2010a)eptember2010 Online onlyRevised for Version 7.4.1(Release 2010b)pril 2011Online onlRevised for Version 7.4.2(Release 2011a)September 2011 Online onlyRevised for Version 7.4.3(Release 2011b)March 2012Online onlyRevised for Version 8.0( Release 2012aabout the DevelopersAbout the Developersystem Identification Toolbox software is developed in association with thefollowing leading researchers in the system identification fieldLennart Ljung. Professor Lennart Ljung is with the department ofElectrical Engineering at Linkoping University in Sweden. He is a recognizedleader in system identification and has published numerous papers and booksin this areaQinghua Zhang. Dr. Qinghua Zhang is a researcher at Institut Nationalde recherche en Informatique et en Automatique(INria) and at Institut deRecherche en Informatique et systemes Aleatoires (Irisa), both in rennesFrance. He conducts research in the areas of nonlinear system identificationfault diagnosis, and signal processing with applications in the fields of energyautomotive, and biomedical systemsPeter Lindskog. Dr. Peter Lindskog is employed by nira dynamiAB, Sweden. He conducts research in the areas of system identificationsignal processing, and automatic control with a focus on vehicle industryapplicationsAnatoli Juditsky. Professor Anatoli Juditsky is with the laboratoire JeanKuntzmann at the Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, france. He conductsresearch in the areas of nonparametric statistics, system identification, andstochastic optimizationAbout the developersContentsChoosing Your System Identification ApproachLinear model structures1-2What Are Model objects?Model objects represent linear systemsAbout model data1-5Types of Model objectsDynamic System Models1-9Numeric Models1-11umeric Linear Time Invariant (LTD Models1-11Identified LTI modelsIdentified Nonlinear models1-12Nonlinear model structures1-13Recommended Model Estimation Sequence1-14Supported Models for Time- and Frequency-DomainData,,,,,,,1-16Supported Models for Time-Domain Data1-16Supported Models for Frequency-Domain Data1-17See also1-18Supported Continuous-and Discrete-Time Models1-19Model estimation commands1-21Creating Model Structures at the command Line ... 1-22about system Identification Toolbox Model Objects ... 1-22When to Construct a Model Structure Independently ofEstimation1-23Commands for Constructing Model Structures1-24Model Properties1-25See als1-27Modeling Multiple-Output Systems ......... 1-28About Modeling multiple-Output Systems1-28Modeling Multiple Outputs Directly1-29Modeling multiple outputs as a Combination ofSingle-Output Models.......1-29Improving Multiple-Output Estimation Results byWeighing Outputs During Estimation ....... 1-30Identified linear Time-Invariant models1-32IDLTI Models1-32Configuration of the Structure of Measured and Noise oRepresentation of the Measured and noise Components foVarious model Types1-33Components ....1-35Imposing Constraints on the Values of ModeParameters1-37Estimation of Linear models1-8Data Import and Processing2「Supported Data ...2-3Ways to Obtain Identification DataWays to Prepare Data for System Identification ... 2-6Requirements on Data SamplingRepresenting Data in MATLAB Workspace·····Time-Domain Data Representation2-9Time-Series Data Representation2-10ContentsFrequency-Domain Data Representation ....... 2-11Importing Data into the Gui2-17Types of Data You Can import into the GUi2-17Importing time-Domain Data into the GUI2-18Importing Frequency-Domain Data into the GUI2-22Importing Data Objects into the GUI ......... 2-30Specifying the data sampling interval2-34Specifying estimation and validation Data2-35Preping data Using Quick StartCreating Data Sets from a Subset of Signal Channelo2-362-37Creating multiexperiment Data Sets in the gUi2-39Managing data in the gui ............. 2-46Representing Time- and Frequency-Domain Data Usingiddata object2-55iddata constructor2-55iddata Properties.........2-58Creating Multiexperiment Data at the Command Line .. 2-61Select Data Channels, I/O Data and Experiments in iddataObjects2-63Increasing Number of Channels or Data Points of iddataObjects2-67Managing iddata Objects2-69Representing Frequency-Response Data Using idfrdObiec2-76idfrd Constructor2-76idfrd Properties2-77Select I/o Channels and Data in idfrd Objects ..... 2-79Adding Input or Output Channels in idfrd Objects2-80Managing idfrd Objects2-83Operations That Create idfrd Objects2-83Analyzing Data quality2-85Is your data ready for modeling?2-85Plotting Data in the guI Versus at the command line2-86How to plot data in the gui2-86How to plot data at the command line2-92How to Analyze Data Using the advice Command2-94Selecting Subsets of Data2-96IXWhy Select Subsets of Data?2-96Extract Subsets of Data Using the GUI2-97Extract Subsets of data at the Command Line2-99Handling Missing Data and outliers2-100Handling missing data2-100Handling outliers2-101Extract and Model Specific Data Segments2-102See also2-103Handling offsets and Trends in Data2-104When to detrend data2-104Alternatives for Detrending Data in GUi or at theCommand-Line2-105Next Steps After detrending2-107How to Detrend Data Using the Gui2-108How to detrend data at the Command line2-109Detrending Steady-State Dat109cending transient Dat2-109See also2-110Resampling Data2-111What Is resampling?...,,.,,,,,,,,,,,.2-111Resampling data without Aliasing Effects2-112See also2-116Resampling data Using the GUi.,,,,2-117Resampling Data at the Command line2-118Filtering Data2-120Supported Filters2-120Choosing to Prefilter Your Data2-120See also2-121How to Filter Data Using the gui2-122Filtering Time-Domain Data in the GuI........ 2-122Content
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基于Gabor小波＋PCA＋LDA特征提取方法的人脸表情识别
基于Gabor小波＋PCA＋LDA特征提取方法的人脸表情识别20机电技术2011年12月=∑cm=∑mc×(-0509-n)U=(a-n(2×3.1415926)×vm第四步:初始模型确定下来以后,采用则将该待识别人脸表情判别为第讠类表情Baum- Welch算法对参数进行重估计,迭代调整模3人脸表情实验及分析型参数以达最优化。这样就完成了训练建模工作,获得了在粗分本文在JAFF( (Japanese Female Facial Expre类层次下代表7种人脸表情的HMM模型sso)表情数据库中进行实验。 JAFFE人脸表情库1=(A,B,n)(=1,2,…7)。由10个人,共213幅图像组成,每人都包含愤怒、23HMM人脸表情分类厌恶、恐惧、高兴、悲伤、惊讶和中性7种表情,每人每种表情2~4幅,每种表情共有27幅。对待识别的人脸表情图像,按本节22中模型本文实验与 Micael等的测试方法相似,把数训练步骤的第一步获得观察向量O,然后计算观据库中的210张图像分成3个部分,每个部分包含察向量O与已训练好的HMM模型1=(A,B,)10个人,且每个人包含7幅不同表情图像,每次使的似然概率P(O|λ)(=12,…,7)。通过用其中的一个部分训练各个表情的HMM模型,剩Forward -Backward算法来计算似然概率,如果下的两个部分用来测试。循环操作3次,然后对这P(O|4),ie(12…,7在P(O|4)(=1,2…,7)3次取平均值,得出表情识别率。本方法获取的表中最大,即情识别率见表1P(Oa )=max p(oa)表1人脸表情识别结果愤怒厌恶恐惧高兴中性悲伤惊讶识别率/%愤怒91.67厌恶5400009000恐惧559167高兴00095.00中性549000悲伤9333惊讶5693.33整体识别率92.14从表1中可以看出,本方法可以获得较好的表高的问题,提出了一种新的人脸表情识别方法。情识别率,但是,从实验中也可发现,不管是有本方法通过更加有效的 Gabor小波+PCA+LDA表没有减少分类类别数,实验中始终存在误识别。情特征提取方法,然后结合HMM模型建立7个对从实验数据库中发现,库中某些人的7种表情变化应基本表情+中性表情的模型,进行识别分类,并并不明显,即使人眼也无法确定其表情类别,以且取得了92.14%的整体识别率。同时,在实验中致算法在识别时出现错误。发现,由于人脸实验数据库中某些人的7种表情变4结论化并不明显,即使人眼也无法确定其表情类别,以致算法在识别时出现错误。本文针对目前人脸表情的整体识别率普遍不(下转第35页)第6期林彩丽等:磁流变阻尼器减振系统的分数阶微分方程研究[2] DROZDOVAD Mechanicsofviscoelasticsolids[M]. New York: John Wiley &Sons Ltd, 1998: 21-65[]LAKESR S. Viscoelastic solids[M]. London: CRC Press, 1998: 63-110[4] Stanway R, Sproston, J L, Stevens N G Non-liner modeling of an electrorheological vibration damper. J. Electrostatics,1987,20.[5]周强,瞿伟廉磁流变阻尼器的两种力学模型和试验验证地震工程与工程振动2002240).[6] Gamoto D R, Filisko F E Dynamic mechanical studies of electrorheological materials: moderate frequencies. I. Rheology,1991,35(3)[7]汪建晓孟光.磁流变阻尼器用于振动控制的理论及实验研究门]振动与冲击,2001,20(2)[8] Wen Y K Method of random vibration of hysteretic systems[]. Joumal of Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE,102(EM2),1976[9]Spencer Jr. B F, Dyke S J, Sain M K, Carlson, J D Phenomenological model of a magnetorheological damper. J Engrg. MechASCE1997,123[10薛定宇陈阳泉高等应用数学问题的 MATLAB解DM清华大学出版社,2010[l]周云谭平.磁流变阻尼控制理论与技术DM科学出版社200712]王振滨曹广义分数微积分的两种系统建模方法系统仿真学报,2004,64):810812(上接第20页)参考文献[1] ZHAO Quan-you, PAN Bao-chang, PAN Jian- jia, et al. Facial expression recognition based on fusion of Gabor and LBPfeatures[A]. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition[C], HongKong,IEEE,2008(8):362-367[2]Tang Fang-qi, Deng Ben-zai. Facial Expression Recognition using AAM and Local Facial Features [A]. In: Proceedings ofthe Third Intcmational Conference on Natural Computation[C], Haikou, China, IEEE, 2007(8): 632-635[3]陈培俊基于静态图像的人脸表情识别研究成都西南交通大学,2007[4] Lades M, Vorbruggen J C, Buhmann J. Distortion invariant object recognition in the dynamic linkarchitecture[].IEEE Transactions on Computers, IEEE, 1993, 42(3): 300-311[5]彭辉张长水荣钢等基于KL变换的人脸自动识别方法清华大学学报自然科学版,2007,37(6:6770[6]DudaR O, Hart P E, Stork DG Pattern Classification(second edition). New York: Wiley, 2001[7李云霞李治柱吴亚栋基于HMM的关键词识别系统门计算机工程200,30(7:130-132谨致作者敬请本刊作者允诺:稿件中没有侵犯他人著作权或其它权利的内容并且文责自负;投寄给本刊的稿件(论文、图表、照片等)自发表之日起,其专有出版权和网络传播权即授于本刊,并许可本刊在本刊网站或本刊授权的网站上传播及中国核心期刊(遵选)数据库、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、中国台湾华艺数据库全文收录。对上述合作若有异议者,烦请来稿时向本刊申明,未作中明者,本刊将视为同意,谢谢合作。并致诚挚敬意。《机电技术》编辑部基于 Gabor小波十PCA+LDA征提取方法的人脸表情识别旧数据文接作者:李烈熊,苏两河作者单位李烈熊(福硅船政交通职№学院,福廷福州,350007),苏河(福建电力职技术学院,福建泉州刊名:机电技术英文刊名:MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY年,卷(期)201,34(6)参考文献(7条)1. ZHAO Quan-you; PAN Bao-chang PAN Jian-jia Facial expression recognition based on fusion of Gabor and LBPfeatures 20082. Tang Fang-qi; Deng Ben-zai Facial Expression Recognition using AAM and Local Facial Features 20073.陈培俊基丁静态图像的人脸表情识别研究20074. Lades M: Vorbmggen J C; Buhmann J Distortion invariant object recognition in the dynamic link architecture1993(03)5.彭辉;张长水;荣钢基于K-变换的人脸自动识别方法2007(6)6. Duda R 0: Hart P E Stork D G Pattern Classificat ion(second edition) 20017.李云霞;李治柱:吴亚栋基于HM的关键词识别系统[期刊论文]计算机工程2004(07本文链接http://d.g.wanfangdata.comcn/periodiCaljdjs201106005.aspx
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