水声通信原理课件——水声通信技术

5G设备系统厂家技术专家编写的培训材料，比较全面、深入地介绍了5G核心网的系列知识。3GPP 5G ongoing Releases5 G Phase1及 Phase2主要支持功能(SARe-15标准5G服务化移动性/会话/eMB特性56 Voice语音业务策略控制4G/5G高效用户面架构接入管理over nrEPS Fallback架构互操作路径选择Re-16标准5G服务化56到3的切片漫游及网络能力大数据分析mMTc架构增强SRVCC互操作开放功能标准化 URlLCE特性1Re15阶段关注最紧急的应用案例以满足市场需求,完成5G核心网整体架构及基本功能的定义,攴持·Re16阶段重点进行现有核心网架构的增强和完善,包括完整的 JeMBB,mMTC和RLC三个场景的内容eMBB业务基础特性、VoNR语音功能以及 EPS Fallback功能服务化架构及网络切片能力增强以及在未部署 VoltE情况下5G语音的连续性方案设计888DCONTENTS。,15G核心网标准5G核心网络架构∴∴∴∴35G核心网特性与关键技术8888.".∴∴∵∴∴∴,5G System ArchitectureNCEFNG-CP LNENREPCFUDMAF4G网络架构② Nef nmf Npce nudoNamfNsmf③3S1-MMESeaMMEPCRFAUSFAMFSMFMMES1LTE-UySGOperators IP以5G网络架构F-UTRANsErvIngUEPDNServicesGatewayGatewayRANS1-U(e.g. IMS, Pss etc.UEDIUPFDN,,。"。。,,相比EPC核心网架构,5G核心网变化①控制转发分离网络结构更加扁平化,控制面功能集中部署、用户面功能可以根据业务需可下沉到网络边缘,减少路由迂回;②控制面功能模块化设计将网元(NE)拆解为多个网络功能(NF)服务,网络功能服务可以独立扩展,按需编排和分布式部署;③服务化接口网元之间的点到点接→网终功能之间点到多点接口,各网终功能之间可以根据需求任意通讯,优化通讯路径,提高通信效率;④功能组件集中管理引入NRF,可以实现网终功能服务自动管理(自动注册/更新/去注册、自动发现和选择、状态检测、认证授权等);⑤统数据管理NF( Network FunctionAMF:唯一的N1和N2接凵终结点、注册及迕接管理、移动性及可达性管理、接入认证及安全锚点功能等;·sM":会话管理(建立、修改、释放)、卩P地址分配、选择和控制UP、终结会话部分NAs消息、策咯执行和Qos的控制部分、下行数据通知、确定会话SSC模式、计费等;PCF:支持统一的策略控制框架、提供策略规则到控制平面功能执行( SME AMF);支持面向ασS、计费、按需会话管理、按需接入及移动性管理制定策略;AUsF:认证服务器功能,为UE执行认证流程、保持安全上下文等;NRF:维护部署的NF实例信息,提供网络功能注册和发现功能,使得控制平面功能能够彼此发现和直接通信;UDM:存储用户签约数据、策略数据等·UPF:分纠路由和转发、分组检测、用户平面部分策略执行、流量使用量上报、UL-CL、分支点支持多宿主PDU会话、下行数据缓存等;NSsF:为UE选择服务的网络切片实例、决定为UE服务的 AMF Set或候选AMF表;·NEF:维护开放的网络服务列表、作为面向应用的入口功能等;BsF:实现5G用户会话绑定功能;· NWDAF:网络数据分析功能,负责采集并分析网络状态信息,并将网络状态分析信息通知/发布给订阅它的PCF和NSsF,供PCF决策和NSsF切片选择;Rel-15仅支持对切片负载级别的分析;8885G System Architecture for non-roaming scenario5G网络架构新增特性◆网络切片新增网络切片选择功能NSSF。网络可针对不同QOS业务,部署不同切片服务化架构通过网络功能重构,控制面形成多个独立网络功能,NF部署更加灵活控制面新增NRF,实现NF服务化管理功能、NF寻址、服务发现功能、网络切片选择控制面NF接口协议栈为HTTP,接口形式为RestfulAP的服务化接口◆边缘计算EC·∪PF只处理分组路由和转发,可下沉至网络边缘,支持灵活的本地业务应用5G边缘UPF完全由SMF选择、控制,解决了4G边缘计算在业务连续性、移动性、计费等方面存在的问题网络能力开放新增网络开放功能NEF,易于运营商部署更多业务应用为运营商提供增加业务收入的可能888D5G System Architecture for roaming scenario,,,,。。。分为本地疏导架构和归属地路由架构;在本地疏导架构(如图)中,漫游UE在拜访网络中3Gpp连接数据网络;在归属地路由NSSFNEFNRFPCFUDMNRF架构中,漫游UE在归属网络中NnssNorfNaNudeNorf连接数据网络:VSEPPhSEPP安全代理SEPP( Security EdgeNsmfNausNpcProtection Proxy)部署在PLMNAMFSMFAUSEPCFNEF网络边缘,作为非透明传输代理节点,通过N32接,保护N1N2N4VPLMNHPLMN归属地和拜访地之间控制面漫UE(R)ANUPFDN游消息的传递;实现拓扑隐藏,内部的网络拓扑结构对外不可见;SBI( Service Based Interface服务化接口N2传输协议HTP20ersN4∴序列化协议JSON,JSON相比现有Dⅰ ameter性能ANUPESME: :: :AMFPCUDMNRENSSSFNsmfNamfUdm::: Nhrf::: Ns上有差距,但通用性、可描述性、可读性更强服务化接口交换接口风格REST;基于HTTP/RESTFUL的通信接口NF之间生产者科消费者模式,交互模型为RQJSONRSP和 SUB-NOT|FY;Http 20TLS4G网中大量使用 Diameter协议,56网务今EPC网络有联互通需求,因此5G信令网中应攴持两种信令协议共存与互转的情况;服务化接口的优势i化接口设计:网络功能服务间的交互解耦,不同服务实例的接口可重用,无需逐按照业务流程定义接口消息优化参数传递:参数只在请求者和响应者间传递,无需跨越整个业务流程,提鬲实时性,可靠性支持网络功能的局部调整:功能更新明确到服务,只对请求者和服务者有影响,对体业务流程影响小,提高功能调整效率∴有利于业务流程的标准化推进:无耑重复榘构、接凵和流程等标准化过程,聚焦更新服务,甚至可以先开发再标准;888D…∵∵∴Control plane Protocol stack∴∴∴∴∴°。UE连接到网络中使用一个唯一的N1NAS连接,唯一的N1终结点位于AMF;N1接口上的NAS协议包括 NAS MM部分和 NAS SM部分;NAS MM消息包括注册管理和迕接管理的NAS消息;.: NAS SM支持处理UE和SMF之间的会话管理,支持PDU会话用户面的建立、修改和释放会话管理信令和短消息通过 NAS MM协议传输:

美国NGSIM系统的使用手册，方便读者高效的利用NGSIM进行数据下载，完成交通领域的研究Technical Report Documentation Page1. Report No2. Government Accession no3. Recipients Catalog NoFHWA-HOP-06-0124. Title and subtitle5. Report DateNext Generation Simulation(NGSIM) Data Format Planly20046. Performing Organization Code7. Author(s8. Performing Organization report noVijay Kovvali, richard margiotta, Robert franc, vassiliAlexiadis9. Performing Organization Name and Address10. Work Unit NoCAMBRIDGE SYSTEMATIC INC150 CAMBRIDGE PARK DRIVE SUITE 400011. Contract or grant noCAMBRIDGE MA 02140DTFH61-02-C-0003612. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address13. Type of Report and Period CoveredDepartment of transportationFinal reportFederal Highway AdministrationJuly 2003-july 2004Office of Acquisition Management14. Sponsoring Agency Code400 Seventh Street SW, RM 4410Washington, DC 2059015. Supplementary notesFHWA COTR: John Halkias, Office of Operations, and James Colyar, Office of Operations r&d16. AbstractThe Next Generation Simulation Program(NGSIM) Data Format Plan was developed to define thestructure, documentation, and transfer requirements for data that will be collected for estimationcalibration, and validation of core behavioral algorithms. The development of the data Format Plan isbased on existing formats that are relevant to ngsim and augmented to fill in gaps. to this end, a reviewof existing data formats was undertaken and their relevance to NGSiM was assessed. The review includeddata standards developed for intelligent transportation systems(ITS), data formats developed specificallyfor traffic simulation models, and data formats developed for broader transportation applications. Thespecified data formats were developed with the objective of promoting efficient research by maintainingonsistency between data collection and research, and providing consistent storage and transmittalprotocols. On the other hand, this plan intentionally avoids over specification of data formats, so as tominimize unnecessary limitations to research. This document specifies the conceptual data model by meansof Unified Modeling Language UMl class diagrams; the data dictionary in the data standard prescribed bP1489-1999 format developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE); the dataexchange structure for data transfer from user to user or from the database/repository to users; and theNGSIM metadata17. Key words1 8. Distribution StatementNext generation simulation, NGSIM, trafficNo restrictions. This document is available to thesimulation, high-level plan, traffic data collection, public through the National Technical Informationvehicle trajectory dataService, Springfield, VA2216119. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No of Pages22. PriceUnclassifiedUnclassifiedForm dot e1700.7(8-72)Reproduction of completed pages authorizedTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1High- Level plan context……垂垂垂垂·着垂垂垂垂非垂·非垂垂看垂音非非;·垂垂音看垂看垂1.2 Background1.3 Data Collection Types……1344581. 4 Data Conversion1.5 Data Formats·····.···············.··.···.·;···..·.··..·.···2.0 NGSIM DATA REQUIREMENTS22 Microsimulation Software Data format,…………172.1 NGSIM Data…192.3 Rcquirements for NgsiM data Collection..................193.0 RECOMMENDED NGSIM DATA FORMATS..m. 233.1 NGSIM Data model233.2 NGSIM Data Dictionary……………243.3 NGSIM Metadata.............................253.4 NGSIM Data Exchange Format273.5 File and Directory Naming Convention……293.6 Summary30REFERENCES31APPENDIX A-REVIEW OF EXISTING TRANSPORTATION DATA FORMATS3APPENDIX B-ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS FOR NGSIM DATACOLLECTION,45APPENDIX C-DATA MODEL∴….,,53APPENdIXD-DATA DICTIONARY.APPENDIX E-METADATA. ...........................................................................................99APPENdIX F-SYSTEM-STATE DATA看香音看音香n117List of FiguresFigure 1 Diagram. NGSIM task interdependencies4Figure2. Diagran. Data format classification relevant to ngsim1………Figure 3. Diagram. Top level data model of general traffic simulation55Figure4. Diagram. Influencing factors database packages………………56Figure 5. Diagram. Behavioral models packages57Figure6. Diagran. Facility type generalization…………18Figure 7. Diagram. Traffic management systems generalization......59Figure 8. Diagram. Transit management systems generalizationFigure9. Diagran. nvironment generalization.………………………0Figure 10. Diagram NTCIP Controller class diagram61Figure 11 Diagram Actuated traffic signal controller generalization2Figure12 Diagram. Generalized microsimulation data model………………63Figure 13 Diagram Data concept components and constructs(IEEE Std 1489-1999)66List of tablesTable 1. Example validation data by algorithm categoryTable 2. Summary of NGSiM categorizations for data formatsTable 3. Accuracy requirements for vehicle trajectory data. ..45Table 4. Accuracy requirements for instrumented vehicle data.........46Table 5. Accuracy requirements for wide-area detector data......... 47Table 6. Accuracy requirements for nctwork-rclated data48Table 7. Accuracy requirements for representative transportation managementsystems data52Table 8. Terminology for UMLmodeler54Table 9. Data dictionary for NgSim.67Table 10 processing documentation metadata for ngsimwwwwwm116Table1l. Requisite vehicle trajectory data…………………………117Table 12. requisite wide-area detector data requirements……118EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Next Generation Simulation Program(NGsim) Data Format plan was developed todefine the structure, documentation, and transfer requirements for data that will be col-lected for estimation, calibration, and validation of core behavioral algorithms. Thedevelopment of the data format plan is based on existing formats that are relevant toNGSIM and augmented to fill in gaps. To this end, a review of existing data formats wasundertaken and their relevance to ngsim was assessed. The review included data standards developed for intelligent transportation systems (ITS), data formats developed spe-cifically for traffic simulation models and data formats developed for broader transporta-tion applications. The specified data formats were developed with the objective of pro-moting efficient research by maintaining consistency between data collection andresearch, and providing consistent storage and transmittal protocols. On the other handthis plan intentionally avoids overspecification of data formats, so as to minimize unnecessary limitations to researchFour data format components were specified in this document, including: 1)data model,2)data dictionary, 3 )metadata, and 4) data exchange formatNGSIM Data Model- The conceptual data model for NGSIM data formats is pre-sented by means of Unified Modeling Language() class diagrams. Used in con-junction with the data dictionary, the data model allows for construction of a formaldatabase/repository for NGSIM validation dataNGSIM Data Dictionary This provides definition of individual data elementsrequired by NGsim. It follows the data standard prescribed by P1489-1999 formatdeveloped by the Institutc of Elcctrical and Electronics Engineers(ieee)NGSIM Data Exchange Format- The data cxchange structure dcfincs how datashould be transferred from user to user or from the database /repository to users. Thisdocument specifies the framework for developing data exchange formats by providingthe data model and the data dictionary; it also provides clear guidance on the formatstandards with which the data exchange format should conform Currently it doesnot provide specific schema for the data exchange formatsNGSIM Metadata- This includes both traditional metadata(definitions, specificationsand valid value lists for data elements and general information about the dataset andits availability); and processing metadata(what has happened to the data from data col-lection to data archival). Administrative metadata formats were adapted fromContent Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata(FGDC-STD-001-1998), developedby the Federal Geographic Data Committee(FGDC). Recommendations for NGSiMprocessing metadata are based on the guidance provided in ASTM E2259-03, devel-oped by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTm)1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe objectives of the NGsim program include the followingDevelopment of a core set of open behavioral algorithms in support of traffic simulation with a primary focus on microscopic modelingCollection of extensive data that will be used for estimation calibration and validationof the core behavioral algorithms; and storing the data in a repository that can be uni-versally accessedThe High-Level Plan for DatasetsTask E3)identified different kinds of traffic data col-lection methods and technologies and recommended three kinds of data collection effortsfor ngsim, including vehicle trajectory data wide area detector data and instrumentedvehicle dataThis report Task F)presents the documentation, format structure, and transfer requirements for the ngsim data formats for these data collection efforts identified in task e3This report is organized as followsExecutive Summary -Provides an executive summary of this documentSection1.0-Provides an overview and introduction to this report, including the con-text of the data format plan within NGsIM, information on NGsim data collection anddata types, information on data conversion, general information on data formats, anda summary of available transportation data formats and their relevance for ngsimSection 2.0-Presents definitions and categorization for different data types, and pro-vides ngsim data requirementsSection 3.0-Presents data format recommendations for the NGsim program,including a data model, data elements for the data dictionary, metadata to describe thedata collection effort and data exchange formatsReferences-Presents references used in developing this data format planAppendix a-Presents a review of existing transportation data formatsAppendix B-Presents accuracy requirements for NGSiM data collectionAppendix C- Presents a UML representation of the ngsim data modelAppendix D-Presents a high-level NGSIM data dictionaryAppendix E- Presents metadata categories, dictionary, and recommended metadataformats for ngsim1.1 HIGH-LEVEL PLAN CONTEXTInterdependencies among NGSIM tasks are shown in figure 1. The High-Level Plan forDatasets(Task E. 3) presents an assessment of existing datasets of potential use for NGSIM,and makes recommendations on the focus for nGsim data collection methodologies. Thisreport on the data Format Plan task f) provides recommendations on the data exchangeformat(s) for NGSIM data collection efforts. The data formats are also influenced by theHigh-Level Verification and Validation Plan(task e 2)Task E 1-1Core algorithmAssessmentTask e,3Task e.1-2Task e2High-LevelCore AlgorithmHigh-Level Verificationlan for DatasetsPlanandⅤ alidation planTask eData format planFigure 1 Diagram. NGSIM task interdependencies.1.2 BACKGROUNDThe NGSiM field data collection effort pursues data required for developing, estimating,calibrating and validating traffic behavioral algorithms. Tactical route execution, opera-tional driving, and en-route strategic traveler behaviors were identified as the focus of theNGSIM core behavioral algorithm research in the identification and prioritization of coreAlgorithms Task D)report. The High-Level Verification and Validation Plan(task e2)provides an example of the data collection datasets for each algorithm category as shownin table 1. the table illustrates the extent over which data must be collected for each levelof algorithm. For example, for operational driving algorithms, a single stretch of roadwayon a freeway will likely be sufficient, while, for development of tactical driving algo-rithms, the data collection effort should be expanded to include the freeway section andmultiple entry and exit ramps that feed the freeway. The data formats developed in thisplan address the data, both static and dynamic, that are pertinent to the data collectionefforts necessary for developing and validating all three categories of driver behavioralalgorithms4

分支定界法的matlab程序，有详细注释

网上搜集的基于MODBUS协议的C#源码，很给力。所以分享出来，希望给需要的人以帮助。

C#使用ModbusTcp协议与西门子1200PLC通讯。包含modbus协议的全部八种功能码的读写程序。

simulink 铅酸电池仿真这个例子展示了如何建模铅酸电池使用Simscape™语言来实现等效电路元件的非线性方程组。 通过这种方式,而不是完全用仿真软件建模®,模型组件和定义物理方程之间的联系更加容易理解。

介绍了 针对于 2psk 的调制与解调 用matlab做的2PSK调制与解调系统的仿真，程序很完整

1-15节全部完整版讲义！超清分享~~~（附赠目录索引和NG原版讲义）含金量高，独家整理~~目录如下：公开课笔记1-2——线性规划、梯度下降、正规方程组公开课笔记3——局部加权回归、逻辑斯蒂回归、感知器算法公开课笔记4——牛顿方法、指数分布族、广义线性模型公开课笔记5——生成学习、高斯判别、朴素贝叶斯公开课笔记6——NB多项式模型、神经网络、SVM初步公开课笔记7——最优间隔分类、原始/对偶问题、SVM对偶公开课笔记8———核技法、软间隔分类器、SMO算法公开课笔记9—偏差/方差、经验风险最小化、联合界、一致收敛公开课笔记10——VC维、模型选择、特征选择公开课笔记11

我是研究图像去噪的，这是我这两年中收集到的一些资料和论文

vc++ 编程宝典(十年典藏版) 书后光盘源代码，即MA文件夹全部内容