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mfc职员信息管理系统(所有源代码)
东南大学计算机综合课程设计作品 这是我们进大二时自己做的 是基于mfc对话框的管理系统 通过部门和职员链表类完成 有保存读取和另存为功能 职员和部门类分别有添加修改删除功能 还有设置主界面菜单和主界面背景色和文本框底色和文本框字体色 以及查询功能 能考虑到的基本都做了一下 希望给大家作作参考">东南大学计算机综合课程设计作品 这是我们进大二时自己做的 是基于mfc对话框的管理系统 通过部门和职员链表类完成 有保存读取和另存为功能 职员和部门类分别有添加修改删除功能 还有设置主界面菜单和主界面背景 [更多]
- 2020-12-05下载
- 积分:1
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随机微分方程(胡适耕)PDF
随机微分方程(胡适耕)PDF完整版,随机微分方程学习资源0211.63/52008大学数学科学从书22随机微分方程胡适耕黄乘明吴付科著学出版社北京内容筒介本书介绍Ⅰto型随机微分方程(包括随机泛函微分方程与中立型随机微分方程)的基本理论与研究进展.前半部分简要介绍随机微分方程的基本概念与一般理论,然后以较大篇幅综述该领域若千有代表性的近期研究成果其内容集中于随机微分方程解的渐近状态,包括稳定性、有界性、持久性非爆发性等.特别深入讨论了有重要应用价值的随机神经网络系统与随机Lotka- Volterra系统.部分内容为作者的近期研究成果本书可用作相关专业研究生的教材或高校教师的参考书,亦可供有兴趣于随机微分系统的科技工作者阅读图书在版编目(C|P)数据随杋微分方程胡适耕,黄乘明,吴付科著.一北京:科学出版社,2008(大学数学科学丛书;22)ISBN978-7-03-021380-8L.随…Ⅱ.①胡…②黄…③吴…Ⅲ.随机微分方程Ⅳ.0211.63中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2008)第034312号责任编辑:吕虹赵彦超/责任校对:赵桂芬责任印制:赵德静/封面设计:王浩辞学实服出版北京东黄城根北街16号邮政编码:100717http://www.sciencep.com新着仰厂印刷科学出版社发行各地新华书店经销2008年5月第版开本:B5(720×1000)2008年5月第一次印刷印张:241/4印数:1-3000字数:366000定价:68.00元(如有印装质量问题,我社负责调换新欣〉)《大学数学科学丛书》编委会(以姓氏笔画为序)顾问:王元谷超豪姜伯驹主编:李大潜副主编:龙以明冯克勤张继平袁亚湘编委:王维克尹景学叶向东叶其孝李安民李克正吴宗敏吴喜之张平文范更华郑学安姜礼尚徐宗本彭实戈作者简介胡适耕,湖南湘乡人.1967年毕业于湖南大学数学系,1979年起在华中理工大学(即今华中科技大学)任教.现为华中科技大学数学系教授、博士生导师,并兼任《应用数学》杂志常务副主编长期从事基础数学与应用数学的教学和研究,主要研究领域为非线性动力系统与随机动力系统.发表了一系列研究论文与著作,代表性著作有《非线性分析》、《抽象空间引论》、《宏观经济的随机模型》等.《大学数学科学丛书》序按照恩格斯的说法,数学是研究现实世界中数量关系和空间形式的科学.从恩格斯那时到现在,尽管数学的内涵已经大大拓展了,人们对现实世界中的数量关系和空间形式的认识和理解已今非昔比,数学科学已构成包括纯粹数学及应用数学内含的众多分支学科和许多新兴交叉学科的庞大的科学体系,但恩格斯的这说法仍然是对数学的一个中肯而又相对来说易于为公众了解和接受的概括,科学地反映了数学这一学科的内涵.正由于忽略了物质的具体形态和属性、纯粹从数量关系和空间形式的角度来研究现实世界,数学表现出高度抽象性和应用广泛性的特点,具有特殊的公共基础地位,其重要性得到普遍的认同整个数学的发展史是和人类物质文明和精神文明的发展史交融在一起的.作为一种先进的文化,数学不仅在人类文明的进程中一直起着积极的推动作用,而且是人类文明的一个重要的支柱.数学教育对于启迪心智、增进素质、提高全人类文明程度的必要性和重要性已得到空前普遍的重视.数学教育本质是一种素质教育;学习数学,不仅要学到许多重要的数学概念、方法和结论,更要着重领会数学的精神实质和思想方法.在大学学习高等数学的阶段,更应该自觉地去意识并努力体现这一点作为面向大学本科生和研究生以及有关教师的教材,教学参考书或课外读物的系列,本丛书将努力贯彻加强基础、面向前沿、突出思想、关注应用和方便阅读的原则,力求为各专业的大学本科生或研究生(包括硕士生及博士生)走近数学科学、理解数学科学以及应用数学科学提供必要的指引和有力的帮助,并欢迎其中相当一些能被广大学校选用为教材,相信并希望在各方面的支持及帮助下,本丛书将会愈出愈好李大潜2003年12月27日前言半个多世纪之前,当I0的划时代著作 On Stochastic Differential equations(Ito,1951)面世时,对于“随机微分方程”(SDE)这一新的数学分支的要义、价值与前景,人们能够确切说明的东西尚不多.经历半个多世纪堪称辉煌的发展之后sDE已负盛名,但人们似乎仍然难以评说—不是因为材料缺乏,而是因为材料实在太多!今天,SDE已积累了如此丰富的成果,欲加以适当的概括以睹其全貌已非易事尽管如此,有两件重要的事情无论如何值得一提其一就是,SDE在其发展过程中展示出与某些经典数学问题之间存在着出人意料的深刻联系,最著名的例子就是 Feynman-Kac公式,它将一定偏微分方程(PDE)问题的解表为适当的SDE的解,从而为在PDE的研究中使用随机分析方法开辟了道路.无论这一联系所导致的实际结果如何,在两个看来相距甚远的领域建立起明确的联系,在整个数学发展史上都是值得大书特书的事件这一事实令人信服地表明,建立在初看起来颇为诡异的随机微积分基础上的SDE,并非纯粹是概率论学者独特思想的逻辑衍生物,而是现代数学统一理论大厦中一个自然的部分.在Fe公式这类成果面前,随机数学与非随机数学之间看来难以逾越的鸿沟最终消失了.仅此一端,就不能不说是过去这个世纪数学发展进程中的一件大事SDE理论中另一件值得一提的大事是:一些明显不稳定的确定性微分系统,因随机扰动的介入居然可能成为稳定的系统这就完全颠覆了人们对于随机扰动似乎理所当然的负面看法,人们终于明白,在动态过程中,随机扰动或噪声并非总是不稳定或紊乱的根源,而且在特定情况下甚至是镇定系统所必需的.这一事实的发现,其理论价值也许不及 Feynman-Kac公式那么重大,但其实际意义则可能更大它实际上宣告,即使对于确定性系统的稳定性研究,SDE也是必需的.大而言之,上述事实恰好印证了数学发展中的一条普通规律:对于一个旧体系的真正深刻理解来自该体系的某个新的扩展.从实分析到复分析的扩展提供了熟知的例子,而从通常微分方程理论过渡到SDE理论,则可能是更令人振奋的例子或许,使以上两件事都显得黯然失色的是SDE在范围广泛的领域中卓有成效的应用.近几十年来,SDE在物理、力学、化学、生物学、经济与金融学、控制理论、航天工程等多个部门发挥了重要作用,已有不可计数的文献作证尽管这些应用的某些方面本书有所涉及,但在总体上加以概括,则远非本书作者的学识所能胜任.我前言们只能指出如下已成定论的事实:对于许多实际领域的专家而言,为运用强有力的现代数学工具,对所考察的系统建立某种随机模型常常是不可避免的,而这往往就意味着运用SDE!正是这样一种广泛而又实际的需求,促使我们生出了一种冲动:应当为希望运用SDE这一工具的科学工作者做点什么这就是写作本书的意图同时,我们也意识到,只能将目标限定在一个较小的题目上,即限于考虑I型的SDE,而且将重点放在以稳定性理论为中心的问题上,这既是本书作者研究兴趣所及的领域,似乎也是许多研究者的关注点之所在就其渊源而言,本书所涉及的问题已有颇长的研究历史.大约十年前,当本书作者听英藉华裔教授毛学荣关于SDE稳定性的讲演时,对于贯穿于其中的基本思想就已颇有感触.这些思想除了其特有的效力之外,即使从纯数学方法论的角度考虑,也是很有价值的,甚至可以说是异常优美的.这些体验与理解对于本书的形成不无作用在写作本书时,我们充分利用了20年来SDE领域的人量文献,其中尤其要提到毛学荣等人影响深远的系列工作.作为合作者,本书作者在与毛学荣等的讨论中受益匪浅,由衷感激,自不待言本书也包含了作者及其合作者近年来的某些研究成果.特别,第4章的大部分结果(其主导思想或表达方法)是属于作者及其合作者的就这些部分而言,对于同行们的批评自然有特别的期待为方便读者阅读,本书一开始就汇集了所用的主要记号以供查询,但仍需作点说明.首先,作者力求使用通用的记号,但一本专著要使散见于各种文献的材料连成一气,记号上的统一与调整难度较大,有些符号没有使用通用记号总是不可避免的此外,有少数几个似乎源于作者偏爱的记号,在简化公式与富于启发性两方面都效果显著,即使可能引发异议,也不能割爱了特别要提到的是x()=x(4)-u(x,)与Hale倡用的C(=C([-T,0],R2))这两个例子(参看§3.1与§3.3)本书的写作得到国家自然科学基金及华中科技大学研究生院专项基金的资助,在此谨致以诚挚的感谢.作者2007年4月于武汉记号与约定集A的补;AB=A∩BAAa矩阵A的转置几乎必然BSDE倒向随机微分方程通常记 Borel集族空间E中的 Borel集族C([-r,0],RCccc[-7,0],R,)r阶连续可微函数类对t为C类对x为C2类的函数v(t,x)之全体(Ω,C)可测有界C值随机变量之全体cov(X,Y)X与Y的协方差或协方差矩阵随机函数x(t)的It微分Kronecker记号EX随机变量X的期望E(.名)在名下的条件期望;E(·)=E(·);E(Y)E(t o(n))随机变量X的分布函数F(s, x, t, y)P(x1≤y|x,=x)F(t,x, y)F(0,x,t,y)FDE泛函微分方程基本的a代数;:a代数流;=σ(∪)随机过程X1生成的σ代数流随机变量X的密度函数f(s, x, t,y)转移密度;f(t,x,y)=f(0,x,,y)gx(·)随机变量X的特征函数单位矩阵或某个区间集A的示性函数
- 2020-11-28下载
- 积分:1
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机器人障碍环境下路径规划改进的回退蚁群算法(matlab版)
机器人障碍环境下路径规划问题,采用改进的回退蚁群算法,matlab版源代码,有可视化界面。
- 2020-12-07下载
- 积分:1
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qt写的绘制串口接收到数据的实时曲线
qt写的绘制串口接收到数据的实时曲线,单片机串口发送格式为“AAA%-5d”
- 2020-11-02下载
- 积分:1
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SD卡读写规范、时序图、FAT32文件系统【资料大全】
本资源包含以下部分:1、SD卡读写规范.pdf 详细描述SD卡的读写,规范以及方法,包括命令,数据保护擦除总线拓扑结构。2、SD卡的传输协议和读写程序.pdf3、SD卡SPI读写中文资料.pdf4、SD卡读写时序图。pdf5、SD卡FAT32文件系统学习手册.pdf6、Micro_SD卡读写时序及程序调试关键.doc
- 2020-11-28下载
- 积分:1
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Oxford flowers17数据集,已打乱并划分 训练集、验证集、测试集
文章《Keras 入门课6 -- 使用Inception V3模型进行迁移学习》https://blog.csdn.net/tsyccnh/article/details/78889838 使用的数据集
- 2020-11-28下载
- 积分:1
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时域有限差分法 (高本庆)
时域有限差分学习书籍,有研究FDTD方法的可以学习学习国防科技图书出版基金第二届评审委员会组成人员名誉主任委员怀国模主任委员黄宁副主任娄员殷鹤龄高景德陈芳允曾铎员尤子平朱森无朵英贤按姓氏笔划为序)刘仁何庆芝何因伟何新贵宋家树张汝果范学虹胡万忱柯有安侯迁候正明莫梧生崔尔东秘书长刘琯德时域有限差分法(Fnte- Differerce Time-Domain Method简称FDTD Method)是求解电磁问题的种数值技术,它是在1966年由K.S.Yee第一次提出的。fDTD法直接将有限差分式代替麦克斯韦时域场旋度方程中的微分式,得到关子场分量的有限差分式,用具有相同电参量的空间网格去模拟被研究体,选取合适的场初始值和计算室间的边界条件,可以得到包括时间变量的麦克斯韦方程的四维数值解。通过傅里叶变换可求得三维空间的频域解20多年来FDTD法历经了一个蓬勃发展的过程。最初是用它来求解金属体上的散射问题,用的是笛卡尔坐标系,使空间单元网格呈直角六面体。鉴于当时的计算机容量水平,特别是FDTD技术本身尚有若重要问题未很好解决,使得早期的数值精度不够高,应用范围也不很广,这种局面大约延续到70年代末期。随着FDTD技术的发展,首先需要解决的是有限计算空间的无反射截断问题,早期采用的一种方法是加大边界与散射体间距离,以在边界上构成外向行波,这种方法精度不高、计算空问亦大。直到将波方程的二阶近似用以处理边界上的场值,得到了较好近似的吸收边界条件,才将这个间题的解决向前推进了一大步在直角坐标系中用FDTD技术进行模拟时,光滑曲线形媒质表面将呈锯齿形状这可能产生沿面的表面波,加大了数值色散误差,解决这个问题的有效方法是“共形”技术的提出,这包括:或是使用曲线坐标系使媒质表面与坐标曲线共形,或是在直角坐标系中改变媒质介面上的网格形状,使二者共形,利用共形网格明显提高了计算精度。在类电磁问题中,当媒质结构尺寸比网格尺寸小时(如细线、窄槽或薄介质层等),将使FDTD模拟变得很困难。近来相继出现以麦克斯韦方程的国路积分形式建立相应FDTD算法式,FDTD与其他方法(如积分方程法或矩量法)的混合技术,以及媒质参数竹网格平均技术等,均提供了解决这类特殊问题的途径。FDTD法的特点是很易得到被研究体的近场,但不易一次直接得到远场值。80年代初期提出的利用等效原理将频城近场变换为远场是解决这个问题的好方法,近几年又将此技术发展到时域这二种路径给求解散射间题和天线问题提供了强有力的工具。值得提出的是,早期fTD方法中没有计及媒质的色散特性,即假定被研究媒质的电参数是与频率无关的。实际上自然界中有很多媒质的电参数具有很强的色散特性,近几年已开始注意研究色散媒质中的FDTD算法,为解决这电磁领域内难题铺平了道路。上述几方面问题的进展有力推动了FDTD技术的发展和应用,使它在解决复杂形体结构和多种媒质并存的一类呵题中占有重要的一席之地。今天,它不仅在电磁散射、电磁兼容预测、生物电磁学中得到卓有成效的应用,而且在天线做波技术、光电子学等的应用中意益受到重视。本书内容包括三部分:第一部分论述了FDTD法基本知识和各种FDTD算法,包括各种坐标系和特殊结构媒质的算法,以及FDTD与其他方法相结合的混合法等;第二部分介绍了FDTD法在电磁学各领域中的应用情况,内容涉及电磁散射微波传输线、天线、电磁榘容预測及生物电磁学范畴;第三部分讨论近期发展的色散媒质的FDTD算祛原理及其应用情况。本书在给出各种应用实例时,多将FDID法数据与理论值或实验数据或其他数值解数据(如矩量法等)进行比较。除早期发表的少数例子误差稍大外,大多数均与相比较的数据吻合很好。从目前水平看,在分析…般散射问题中,数值误差约在L%~3%附近(RCS的误差略大些),而在求谐振器本征值问题中,FDTD数值解与理论值误差低于百分之,某些情况能小于千分之一,这个精度是很喜人的。可以无夸张地说,FDTD法与其他数值解从精度上讲是可以媲美的,有的则有胜过。加之FDTD法得到的是时域解,通过傅氏变换可得到频域解。即它具有次时域计算代替频域上逐点计算的潜力。这些均L表示FDTD法具有较明显的优势。本书是作者尝试将已发表在不同场合不同时间的有关资料经整理推演、加工编写成专著。内容取材上亦包括作者及同事们近几年在这方面开展的工作结果。编写本书的目的是希望能起到抛砖引玉的效果。希给初学者提供…个入门途径,给从事这方面工作的同行们提供较系统的参考资料,以便更好地促进FDTD技术的发展和更进一步拓宽它的应用。由于作者才疏学浅,加上时间关系,错误和不足在所难免,上述目的恣难如愿敬请各位专家学者和读者多提供宝贵意见。在本书确立大纲的过程中,得到北京理工大学张德齐教授和楼仁海教授、西安交通大学汪文秉教授的帮助,汪文秉教授对内容安排提出了贵意见。要特别提到的是,在本书编写过程中得到中国科学技术大学旅美陈金元博士的大力支持和帮助陈博士及时寄来最新研究资料(见§7.6以充实本书内容。书稿完稿后,张德齐教授通阅了全稿,并提出宝贵意见国防工业出版社在本书出版过程中给予很多帮助,作者在此对他们表示衷心的感谢作者t993年8月于北京内容简介本书重点介绍」时域有限差分(FDTD)法的基本知识及其在电磁学各个领域内的应用。全书包括二部分(共八章),第一部分论述了FDTD法的基本知识(第…章)和各种FDTD算法,包括各种坐标和特殊结构媒质中FDTD算法及混合算法等(第二章);第二部分介绍FDTD法的爷种应用,内容涉及电磁散射(第三章〉微波传输线和谐振腔(第四章)、天线(第五章)、电磁兼容预测第六章)生物电磁学(第七章)等领域;第三部分介绍近期发展的色散媒质屮FDTD算法原及其应用情祝等(第八章〕。木书可供从事时域计算电磁学理论和应用妍究的人员参考,亦可供有关专业教师、研究生及商年级大学生作选修和参考用书目·录第一章时域有根差分法基本知识1.1支克斯韦方程1)].2FTD基本方程■h吾早4中■暑h音h鲁↓ψ中4山■■骨日◆p4白(生)1.3解的稳定性“……““〔l1)1.4边界条件…(13)1.5激励派的类型和设置……………………………(22)816误差分析………*………(29)§1.7近场一远场变换山中■冒↓d4白■■■e40)氵1.8FDTD数值解步骤…………(45〕参考文献■··■跏■·幽自嚞ψ■■·自·■甲血幽b中■●鲁歌●■甲晉『甲●■目■■46第二章FDTD算法变异48)82.1一般曲线坐标系的FDTD算法4甲●鲁ψψ■“ψ晕P山血曾■■■省口_P■口(48)§2.2正交曲线坐标系的PDTD算法(58}2.3非均匀网格尺寸的FDTD算法…(69)2.4细薄结构媒质的FTD算法……………*………(80)2.5FDTD瞬态积分方程的混合算法:(95§2.6FDTD矩量法时混合算法…………………*………(101)参考文献…………………………………………(105)第三章在电磁散射问题中的应用聊司自■电■■悬■■··ψb■■t最聊10883.1二维散射体■■画■·■唱口■■』烟·■口甲■唱■■即■■■口·吾■昌■■■■即■■■晶』h画p■■■昌〔108§3.2三维敢射体……………(114)3.3RCS计算……〔121)§3.4散射体的时域综合……………………**……(134)参考文献(143)第阿章在徽波传输线和谐振腔中的应用…………………(141徵带和共面传输线咖自b·山山山啬■■山■■ψ·;跏·■■“■士鲁■b■口■■■动●咖【41§4.2徼带不均匀性和徼带元件●日日鲁■日聊聊昏目申聊■与;自语↓ψ■ψ口一·↓c自ψb53)氵4.3波导传贛线元件……………………………………(63)8.4谐振腔的本征值……4…(j72)4.5谐振腔的e值(I名1参考文献…………………………………………(185第五章在天线问题中的应用·……(!8?)§5.1圆柱形单极天线………4■·↓■自·h■■■■■■■■甲4■■■▲187)5.2波导口和喇明线………………………………………(196)§5.3徽带贻片天线200)§5.4天线互朝的计算…ra……(210)参考文献1■幽昏p■■◆(215第六章在电磁兼容预测中的应用…(218§6·]瞬变电驚环境下飞机表面效应………“(216)§6.2EMP对连接有尾气焰导弹体的效应…(22)s63EM场透入导弹导引头的预浏■■■非十(230)6.4飞行体上微带贴片天线的EMP效应……a(233)6.5TEM传导胞腔中不均匀性影响的预测…-4…*4(239参考文献昏■■·聊■●■■■·ψ■山幽■如卓■■ψ卩■■中斷鲁晋■■口自■■导画晋■b山1〔241第七章在生物电磁学中的应用……246§7.1生物组织的电磁特性及人体电磁模型……………"……(246)72平面波照射下人体内的电磁效应号昌◆+卓b4即u(z56)7.3工业加热器对人体的作用…………………………(263)7.4动力电的人体效应…sa…(2687.5高压EMP的生物效.…·…(273)N7.6虾篾电话的人体效应…■■■■■↓鲁号↓個山山……(280)参考文………………………………………(2865第八章色教媒质的FDTD算法日■■d十■T■一一會■■『■■■血288)N8.1离散时域卷积建立FDTD方程……〔288N8.2由德拜方程和频域场到吋域的直接变换建立FDTD方程"sr…:…(295)氵8.3由z变换建立FDTD方程日ψ号■自卓自甲ψ吾■■■日■■■道语晶画『4b即44■(298)4色散媒质的吸收边界条件…………………"………(303)8.5(FD)TD法应用举例……(3058.6表面阻抗概念在fDTD法中的应用……(314)s8.了表面阻抗FDT法应用举例………■·■■b■324)参考文献(召30
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wifi 802.11n 协议标准
wifi 802.11n 协议标准Contents2. Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 13. Definitions ...........................................................................................................EEE Std802.11n"-2009(Amendment to ieEE Std 802.11-2007as amended by ieee std 802. 11k-2008EEE Std80211r-2008, EE Std802.11y-2008,and IEEE Std 802. 11w-2009)EEE Standard forInformation technology-Telecommunications and informationexchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirementsPart 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY SpecificationsAmendment 5: Enhancements for HigherThroughputSponsorLANIMAN Standards committeeof theIEEE Computer SocietyApproved 11 September 2009IEEE-SA Standards boardAbstract: This amendment defines modifications to both the IEEE 802 1 1 physical layer(PHY)andthe IEEE 802 11 medium access control (MAC) sublayer so that modes of operation can be enabledthat are capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100 Mb/s, asmeasured at the Mac data service access point (SAP)Keywords: high throughput, MAC, medium access control, MIMO, MIMO-OFDM, multiple inputmultiple output, PHY, physical layer, radio, wireless local area network, WLANThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue New york NY 10016-5997 USACopyright@ 2009 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IncAll rights reserved. Published 30 October 2009. Printed in the United States of AmericaIEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers, IncorporatedPDFSBN978-0-7381-60467STD95961Print:|SBN9780-7381-6047-4STDPD95961No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisherIEEE Standards documents are developed within the ieee Societies and the standards Coordinating Committees ofthe IEee Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The ieee develops its standards through a consensusdevelopment process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteersrepresenting varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of theInstitute and serve without compensation. While the ieee administers the process and establishes rules to promotefairness in the consensus development process, the ieee does not independently evalof any of the information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standar uate, test, or verify the accuracyUse of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The ieee disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or otherdamage, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectlyresulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other iEFF Standard documentThe ieee does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained herein, and expresslydisclaims any express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a specificpurpose, or that the use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE Standards docunentsare supplied‘ASIS.The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchasemarket, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the ieee Standard. Furthermore, the vintexpressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in thetate of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every ieee standard is subjected to review at leastevery five years for revision or reaffirmation, or every ten years for stabilization. When a document is more than fiverears old and has not been reaffirmed, or more than ten years old and has not been stabilized, it is reasonable toconclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users arecautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE StandardIn publishing and making this document available, the IEee is not suggesting or rendering professional or othcrservices for, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any otherperson or entity to another. Any person utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his orher independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in deternining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standardInterpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate tospecific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiateaction to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEFF Standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, itimportant to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason,IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instantresponse to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter has previously received formal considerationA statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manualshall not be considered the official position of ieee or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, nor berelied upon as, a formal interprctation of the IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, anindividual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered thepersonal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation of the IeEeComments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate supporting comments. Recommendations to change the status of a stabilized standard should include atonale as to why a revision or withdrawal is required. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations shouldbe submitted to the following addressSecretary, IEEE-SA Standards board445 Hoes lanePiscataway, NJ 08854USAAuthorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by The Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance CenterTo arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 RosewoodDrive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1978750 8400 PerImission lo photocopy portions of any individual standard foreducational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance CenterIntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEee Std 802. 11n-2009, IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems--Local and metropolitan networks--Specifirequirements-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) SpecificationsAmendment 5: Enhancements for Higher ThroughputThis amendment specifies enhancements to IEEE 802. 11 physical layer(PHY)and medium access control(MAC) sublayer to provide modes of operation with useful data rates substantially higher than thosepreviously available. Significantly higher IEEE 802. 11 wireless local area network(WLAN) throughput isexpected to improve user experiences for current applications and to enable new applications and marketsegmentsNotice to usersLaws and requlationsUsers of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with theprovisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirementsImplementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatoryrequirements. iEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not incompliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so on that is not inCopyrightsThis document is copyrighted by the Ieee. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and privateuses.These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulationstandardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this documentavailable for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the ieee does not waive any rights incopyright to this documentUpdating of IEEE documentsUsers of ieFF standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by theissuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments,corrigenda, or errata. An official ieee document at any point in time consists of the current edition of thedocument together with any amendments corrigenda or errata then in effect In order to determine whethera given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance ofamendmentscorrigendaorcrrata,visittheIeeEStandardsAssociationwebsiteathttp://ieeexplore. ieee. org/xpl/standards. jsp or contact the iEee at the address listed previously.For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the Ieee standards development process,visittheIeeE-sawebsiteathttp://standards.ieeeorgErrataErrata,ifanyforthisandallotherstandardscanbeaccessedatthefollowingUrl:http://standards. ieee. org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index. html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forta periodicallyInterpretationsCurrentinterpretationscanbeaccessedatthefollowingUrl:http://standards.ieeeorg/reading/ieee/interp/index htmlCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedPatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this amendment may require use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. a patent holder or patent applicant hasfiled a statement of assurance that it will grant licenses under these rights without compensation or underreasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfairdiscrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Other Essential Patent Claims may exist forwhich a statement of assurance has not been received. The Ieee is not responsible for identifying EssentialPatent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scopeof Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or nondiscriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patentrights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further informationmay be obtained from the ieee Standards associationParticipantsWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, the IEEe 802. 11 Working Group had the followingofficersBruce P. Kraemer, ChairJon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair; Treasurer; and Chair, Task Group mbAdrian P. Stephens Vice chairStephen McCann, Secretary and Chair, Publicity standing Committee and Task group uTerry L. Cole, Technical Editor and Assigned Number AuthorityTeik-Kheong Tan, Chair, Wireless Next Generation Standing CommitteeDavid Bagby, Chair, Architecture Standing CommitteeBruce p. kraemer Co-Chair IMT-Advanced ad hoc commiteeLee armstrong, Chair, Task Group pDonald E Eastlake Ill, Chair;, Task Group sNeeraj Sharna, Chair, Task group lDorothy V. Stanley, Chair, Task Group v and IETF Ad hoc CommitteeJesse Walker, Chair. cTl Ad hoc committeePeter Ecclesine, Chair, Task group yMenzo Wentink, Chair, Task group zGancsh Venkatesan, Chair, Task Group aaEldad Perahia, Chair, Very High Throughput Study groupDarwin Enger, Co-Chair. IMT-Advanced ad hoc committeeWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, Task Group n had the following officersBruce P Kraemer. chairSILi. vice chairGarth Hillman and Jon Walter Rosdahl, SecretaryAdrian P. Stephens, Technical editorWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, the IEeE 802. 1l Working Group had the followingmembershiOsama S. aboulmagdMalik audchAmit bansalTomoko adachiCcrt A, awatoJohn. barrAlok aggarwalDavid bagbGal bassonCarlAldanaMichael bahrussa BavafaThomas AlexanderFan baiTuncer BaykasLee r. ArmstrongGabor BaikoJohn L. BenkoAlex ashleyDennis j. bakerMathilde benvenisteCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedBiorn A. berkeRobert Y huangChiu ngoDaniel borgesDavid hunterEero nikulaAnthony braskichYasuhiko inoueRichardH. noensJoseph brennanAkio isoHideaki odagiriDavid britzJunghoon JeeJisung OhG. BumillerHongseok JeonChandra s. olsonNancy Cam-WingetYeonkwon JeongYouko omorNecati CanpolatJorjeta G JetchevaSatoshi oyamaJavier cardonaLusheng jiRichard H. PaineDouglas s ChanDaniel JiangAuld. palaniveluClint F. ChaplinPadam AflChangmin ParkCarl W. KainJungsoo parkMinho CheongNaveen K KakanMinyoung ParkMasato katoⅤ ijaykumar PatelNakjungDouglas KanBcminih. peirisLiwen chuRichard H. KennedyEldad perahiaTerry L. ColeJohn KenneJames e. petranovichRyon K. ColemanStuart 3. KerryAl PetrickCharles IJoonsuk kinFahd pirzadaTodor CooklevKyeongpyo KimJames d. portaroXavier p CostaSeong S. kimHenry s. PtasinskiDavid E CypherYongsan KimRene purnadiMarc de courvilleJarkko kneckChang w. PyoRolf J de vegtMark m. kobayashiEmily H QiTheodorus denteneerFumihide KojimaLuke QianJeremy de vriesTom KolzeHuyu QuSusan DickeyBruccp KJim e raabZhiming DingJohannes P KruysⅤ nuth raiYoshiharu doThomas KuehnelAli RaissiniaJohn dorseyThomas m. KuriharaHarish ramamurthyRoger P durandStephen G raymentSrinivasa duvvuriEdwin kwonLeonid razoumovDonald e. eastlakeZhou lanIvan reePeter Ecclesiaejeremy A landtEdward reussMichael ellisJoseph P. lauerAlex reznikStephen P. EmeottTae H. LeeRandal roebuckMarc emmelmannWooyoung leeJon walter rosdahlDarwin EngwerJoseph levyRichard royJoseph epsteinSheung liAlexander safonovⅤ inko ercegPaul linKazuyuki sakodaLars p. falkIlang liuHemanth sampathRobert fanfcllMichael livshitzKatsuyoshi SatoStefan fechterPeter LocHirokazu sawadaPaul h. feinberDaniel lubarDon schultzMatthew FischerAnthony f. maidaYongho SeokWayne k. FisherJakub majkowskiHuairong shaoRoberta fracchiAlastair MalarkyNeeraj sharmaRyuhei FundaJouni K. malinenStephen J ShellhammerMatthew gastAlexander maltsevlan SherlockJames p gilbBill marshallKai shiJeffrey gilbertRoman m. maslennikovShusaku shimadaReinhard GlogerSudheer mattaFrancois simonDavid goodallStephen Mc cannHarkirat SinghTugrul guenerJustin p mcnewGraham K. SmithJianlin gven meseckeMatt smithMark hamiltonRobert r. millerYoo-Seung SongC.J. HanseMichael monteKapil seBrian d. hartRajendra T. moortiVinay SridharaAmer A haHitoshi moriokaDorothy stanleⅤ egard hasselPeter MurrayAdrian P. StephensRobert f heileAndrew milesDavid S Stephenson〔 undo r. HertzRohit nabarCarl R. StevensonJunling hiJohn stineWendong huKengo nagataGuenaelt strutCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedChin s SumGanesh VenkateHarry R. worstellEiji TakagiDalton t.Ⅴ ictorPengfei xiaMineo takaiGeorge A. vlantisAkira yamadaTcik-Khcong TanCssc r. walkerTakeshi yamamotoAllan thomsonunlWangmoya yamauraJerry thrasherngEric okuboCraig d. WarrenSu K. YongAlexander TolpinFujio WatanabeSeiji YoshioJason trachewskyPatrick WayeChristopher YoungSolomon b. traininMenzo m. wentinkArtur zaksRichard D. Van NeeFrank whettenHongyuan zhangAllert van zelstKyle williamsHuimin zhangMathieuⅤ arlet-AndmJames worshamJing zhiPrabodh varshneyJuan ZunigaContributions to this amendment was received from the following individualsBill ablⅵ inko ErcegPatrick labbeSantosh abrahamMustafa rozJoseph lauerTomoko adachiStefan fechterDongjun leeDmitry akhmetovPaul feinbergLin-Nan leeCarlos aldanaMatthew fischereeDave andrusGuido frederiksSok-kyu LeeMicha anholtTakashi FukagawaZhongding leiTsuguhide AokiPatrick FungJoseph levyYusuke asarEdoardo gallizioScott leyonhjelGeert awaterJames gardnerPen liDavid BaDevis gattSheung LiRaja banerjeaDavid HedbergYuan liKaberi banerieeGarth hillmanKevin liaoAmit bansalJin-Meng hoIsaac limGal bassonDale hocevarAlfred linAnui batraLouise hooAlbert liuJohn benkoMuhammad akramDer-Zheng liuMathilde benvenisteYasuhiko inoueMichael livshitzBjorn BjerkeKaz ishidaYufei BlakenshipTakashi ishidoshiroPeter LojkoDaniel borgesLakshmi lyerHui-Ling LouDouglas chanEric JacobsonAdina matacheJerry ChangYuh-Ren jauhLaurent mazetJohn ChangTaehyun JeonWilliam mcfarlandJeng-Hong ChenJari JokelaDarren mcnamaraStephen ChenVKJonesIrina medvedevYi-Ming ChenPadam AflArnaud meylanPei-ju ChiangNaveen KakaniMorgan mikFrancois chinSriniavs kandalaSeungwook minWoon Hau ChinAteet KapurPatrick mo上 mily chouAssaf KasherAndy molischLiwen chuMasato katoR. Tushar moortiKeith ChuggJohn KetchumMike moretonBrian ClassonJoonsuk KYuichi moriokaSean CoffeyPansop KimMarkus muckGabriella convertinoYoungsoo KimSyed Aon mujtabaMarc de courvilleGuenter KleindlAndrew mylesRolf de vegtKiyotaka KobayashiRohit nabarFranz dielacherCenk Koselhasa NagaiYoshiharu doiBruce p KraemerKengo NagataJohn deThomas KuehnelSeigo NakaodouglasTakushi KunihiroSanjiv nandaPeter ecclesiaeJoe KwakChiu nDarwin EngwerJoseph kwakAjit NimbalkerLeonid epsteinEdwin kwonGunnar NitscheCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedHuaning NiuErik SchylanderRichard van neeIvan oakesMichael sealsNico van waesYoshihiro ohtanilual-Rong ShaoAllert van zelstEric OjardSuman sharmaAndres vila casadoTakeshi onizawaSteve shellhammerGeorgeⅵ lantisJob oostveenIan SherlockTimothy WakeleyFabio osnatoMasaaki shidaJesse walkerKafle padamTakashi shonoBrad wallacePratima paiSebastien SimoensMark wallaceArul palaniveluMassimiliano sitiRod waltonSubra parameswaraDoug SmithQi WThomas pareMatt smithXiaowen WangJean-Noel PatillonAmjadDeric WatersWei-Chung PengRobert staceyMark WebsterEldad perahiaAdrian P. StephensMenzo WentinkJim petranovichRichard WeseKrishna madhavan pillaiVictor StolpmanMike WilhoyteMadhavan pillaiSumei sunTimothy WongAngelo PoloniXiantao sunJames WoodyattNeeraj poojaryShravan surineniHenry ptasinskiIlan sutskoverAriton XhafaAleksandar PurkovicEiji Takagio xiaLuke oianMasahiro takasTomoya YamauraAli RaissiniaSeiichiro TakahashiEric YangSthanunathan ramakrishnanDaisuke takedaWen-Chang YehHarish RamamurthyTeik-Kheong TanChristopher YoungSridhar rameshYasuhiro TanakaHeejung YuRaffaele rivaStephan ten brinkArtur ZaksJon walter rosdahlGanesan ThiagarajanEldad zeiraStephanie Rouquette-LeveilEric OkuboHongyuan zhaMike rudeTim TowellJin ZhangJohn sadowskiJason trachewskyNing ZhangAtul salhotraSolomon traininQuan ZhouVincenzo scarpaDavid tungJohnny ZweigDonald schultzStefano valleJim syrenThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this amendment. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstentionOsama aboulmagdBill cannonSouray duttaTomoko adachiJing CaoRichard eckardAlok AggarwalEdward CarlesCarl EklundThomas alexandeJames CarloStephen emeottRichard AlvinJuan CarreonMarc emmelmannEdward ChalfDarwin EngwcButch AntonDouglas s ChanJoseph epsteinDanilo antonelliKuor-Hsin ChangRobert fanfelleClint ChaplinShahin FarahaniDavid BagbyWei-Peng ChenShulan FengGabor BaikoYung-Mu ChenOddgeir FikstvedtMatthew ballHong ChengMatthew fischerRaja banerjeaAik ChindapoPrince francisVered BKeith ChowAvraham FreedmanJohn barrLiwen ChuDevon gaylePhilip beecherRyon ColemanMichael GeipelMathilde benvenisteCharles cookTheodore Georgantasharry bimsTodor CookiePieter -Paul giesbertsBjorn BjerkeHelge CowardJames gilbMonique brownJoseph decuirReinhard glogerRussell dietzMariana goldhamerWilliam byrdThomas dineenScrgiu gomaPctcr. calderonJohn dorseyDavid goodallCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved
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