IOI2014解题报告
信息学奥赛的重要资料。对于爱好信息学奥赛的青少年而言，此报告十分难得。Chapter 1Day 11.1 Day 1 rail11.1题目大意有两条平行的单向铁路(上方的从右到左,下方的从左到右),分为m段有η个车站,每个车站为C类型(只能从上往下)或D类型(只能从下往上),分布在某些段中,每个段最多一个车站。已知0号车站是C类型,并给出0号车站的位置,最多可以询问两车站之间的距离3(n-1)次(距离指经过段与段连接处的次数,例如上图0号车站到2号车站的距离为5),要求确定每个车站的位置和类型。保证车站两两可达11.2算法讨论先询问得到0号车站到其他车站的距离,而最近的一个,就是0号车站右侧第一个D类型的(称之为j号车站)然后询问得到号车站到其他车站的距离,其中最近的一个,可能是0号车站,也可能是其他车站(都称之为k号车站),显然和k之间不会冉有其他车IOI2014解题报告Day 1 Wall站,而0和k之间也不会有其他的D类型的车站,所有k号车站到其他车站的距离可直接算出有了和k到其他车站的距离,那就可以轻松分出左右了(离j号近,就在k的左侧,否则在j的右侧)。但分出左右后还是不能确定具体位置,而这时对于每个车站我们还留下次询问的机会。接下来称当前车站为号车站而这次询问一定是留给特殊位置的车站,假设当前车站在左侧,则考虑当前确定的最左侧的车站(称之为L号)。按离(或k)号车站的距离从近到远的顺序处理剩下的车站,那么只有这两和情况:L k j以及(注意下面这种L和之间还会有C类型的车站)L i k两者都会有以下关系式:dst(j,L)+|0s;-pos|=dist(j.)+x(x≥0)第一种情况多出来的是L到它右侧第一个D类型车站的距离×2,而第二种情况多出来的是L到它右侧第一个C类型车站的距离×2。所以,算出x之后,只要到L右侧的c/2的距离处看下车站的类型就可以确定位置了。这样问题就解决了如果当前车站在右侧,那么询问与已确定的最右侧车站的距离,类似讨论即可。1.2 Day 1 Wall21题目大意维护一个长度为的整数序列,一开始每个元素均为0,支持以下两种操作将连续一段中小于k的元素修改为k将连续段中大于k的元素修改为k问所有m个操作进行完之后序列各元素的值。3IOI2014解题报告Day 1 Game1.22算法讨论不难发现对某一个元素的操作是可加的,即说对于某一个元素来说,应用在其上的每一个操作可以都表示为“如果它的初值小于L,那么最终它等于l;如果它的初值大于γ,那么最终它等于η;否则它最终等于初值”这样的形式,并且多个这样的形式是可以合并的。于是我们可以把每个操作都看成一个值,这样原问题就转化成“维护一个序列,每次对一段区间加上一个值,问最后每个元素的值”。这是可以用带标记的线段树直接维护的。该算法的时间复杂度为O(m+ m log n)对于“维护一个序列,每次对一段区间加上一个值,问最后每个元素的值”这个问题,我们也可以使用扫描线进行维护。但本题中的值是不可减也不满足交换律的,因此在扫描过程中我们需要使用一个线段树来维护覆盖到当前点的值并将它们按时间顺序依次求和。该算法的时间复杂度为O(m+ m log m)1.3 Day 1 game131题目大意有一张n个点的无向图,小B每次会询问某两个点之间是否有边相连,小A每次回答yes或no。如果在小B把所有(条边间完之前,小B就能确定这整张图是否联選,小A就输了。现在让你当小A,依次对每个询问回答yes或no求一种获胜方案。1
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abaqus script reference manual
ABAQUS脚本参考文件，适合二次开发，ABAQUS各个模块的语句参考ABAQUS Offices and RepresentativesABAQUS, IncABAQUS Europe BVRising Sun millsGaetano Martinolaan 95166 Valley streetP.O. BOx 1637Providence RI 02909-24996201 BP MaastrichtTel:+14012764400The netherlandsFax:+14012764408Tel:+31433566906E-mail:support(@abaqus.comFax:+31433566908http://www.abaqus.comE-mail:info.europe@abaqus.comSales, Support, and ServicesUNITED STATESABAQUS Central, IncABAQUS East LLC1440 Innovation place300 Centerville road. Suite 209WWest Lafayette, IN 47906-1000Warwick. RI 02886-0201Iel:+17654971373Tel:+14017393637Fax:+17654974444Fax:+14017393302E-mail:support(@abaqusCentral.comE-mail: support@ abaqus EastcomAbAqUS Erie. incABAQUS Great Lakes, Inc3601 Green Road. Suite 31614500 Sheldon road. Suite 160Beachwood. OH 44122Plymouth, MI 48170-2408Tel:+12163781070Tel:+17344510217ax:+1216378107F7344510458E-mail:support(@abaqusErie.comE-mail:support(@abaqusGreatlakes.comABAQUS South, IncABAQUS West, Inc3700 Forums Drive Suite 10139221 Paseo Padre Parkway Suite FFlower Mound. TX 75028remont, CA 94538-1611Tel:+12145131600Tel:+15107945891Fax:+12145131700Fax:+15107941194F-mail:support(@abaqusSouth.comF-mail:supportabaqusWest.comARGENTINAAUSTRALIAKB Engineering S.R. LWorley Advanced analysisFlorida 274-Oficina 35Level 17. 300 Flinders Street1005 Buenos airesMelbourne Vic 3000ArgentinaTel:+61386125132Iel:+541143269176/7542Fax:+61392050573Fax:+541143262424E-mail:abaqus@worley.com.auE-mail: sanchezsarmientoarnet com arAUSTRIABENELUXABAQUS AuStria GmbHABAQUS Benelux EⅤZinckgasse 20-22/2/13Huizermaatweg 576A-1150 Vienna1276 LN HuizenaustriaThe NetherlandTel:+4319291625-0Tcl:+31355258424Fax:+4319291625-20Fax:+31355244257E-mail: support @abaqus.atE-mail: support(abaqus. nlCHINACZECH REPUBLICABAQUS ChinaSynerma s.r.oRoom a-2703 Eagle plazaHuntirov 58No. 26 Xiao yun rd468 22 SkuhrovBeijing, 100016Czech republicP.R. ChinaTel:+420603145769Tel:+860184580366Fax:+420603181944Fax:+860184580360E-mail: abaqus asynerma czE-mail:abaqus(@abaqus.com.cnFRANCEGERMANY(Aachen)ABAQUS France SasABAQUS Deutschland gmbH7 rue jean MMermozBat. aTheaterstrabe 30-3278000 VersaillesD-52062 AachenIel:+330139241540lel:+49241474010Fax:+330139241545Fax:+492414090963E-mail: support (@abaqus. frEmail: info(abaqus.deGERMANY(Munich)INDIA(Chennai)ABAOUS Deutschland gmbhABAQUS Engineering India(Pvt. LtdSendlinger-Tor -platz 83M. Prince arcadeD-80336 Munchen22-A Cathedral roadTel:+498959991768Chennai. 600086Fax:+498959991767Tel:+914428114624E-mail: info(abaqus.deFax:+914428115087E-mail: abaqus(@abaqus.coinITALYJAPAN(Tokyo)ABAQUS Italia s r IABAQUs. IncVia domodossola. 173rd Floor, Akasaka Nihon Building20145 Milano(MD)5-24, Akasaka 9-chome, Minato-kuTel:+390239211211Tokyo,107-0052Fax:+390231800064Tcl:+81354745817E-mail: info(@abaqus.itFax:+81354745818E-mail: tokyo(abaqus. jpJAPAN (Osaka)KOREAABAQUS, IncABAQUS Korea. Inc9th Floor, Higobashi Watanabe BuildingSuite 306, Sambo Building6-10. Edobori 1-chome Nishi-ku13-2 Yoido-Dong, Youngdeungpo-kuOsaka.550-0002Seoul.150-010Tel:+81648035020Tel:+8227856707Fax:+81648035021Fax:+8227856709E-mail: osaka @abaqus. jpE-mail: info(@abaqus. co kIMALAYSIANEW ZEALANDWorley advanced AnalysisMatrix Applied Computing Ltd19th Floor, Empire TowerP.O. Box 56-316. AucklandCity square centreCourier: Unit 2-5, 72 Dominion road Mt eden182 Jalan Tun razakauckland50400 Kuala LumpurTel:+6496231223Tel:+6032161226Fax:+6496231134Fax:+60321614266E-mail: abaqus-tech(amatrix co nzE-mail:abaqusmy@worley.com.auPOLANDRUSSIA, BELARUS UKRAINEBudSoft sp. z0.0TESIS Ltd61-807 PoznanOffice701-703,Sw Marcin 58/64l8. Unnatoy strIe:+486l8508466127083 Moscow. RussiaFax:+486l8508467Tel:+7095212-44-22E-mail:budsoft@budsoft.com.plFax:+7095212-42-62E-mail:infoatesis.com.ruSINGAPORESOUTH AFRICAWorley Advanced AnalysisFinite Element analysis Services (Ply)Ltd491B River valley roadUnit 4, The Waverley#09-01Ⅴ alley pointWyecroft roadSingapore, 248373Mowbray 7700Tel:+6567358444Tel:+27214487608Fax:+6567357444Fax:+27214487679E-mail:abaqus.sg@worley.com.auE-mail: feas(afeas co zaSPAINSWEDENPrincipia Ingenieros Consultores, SAABAQUS Scandinaviavelazquez, 94FEM-Tech ABE-28006 MadridPilgatan &cIel:+34912091482SE-72130 VasterasFax:+34915751026Tcl:+4621126410E-mail: abaqus(principia. esFax:+4621181244E-mail: abaqus abaqus.seTAIWANTHAILANDAPICWorley Advanced Analysis11F, No. 71, Sung Chiang road333 Lao Peng Nguan l BuildingTaipei. 1042820th Floor Unit bIel:+8860225083066Soi ChaypuangFax:+8860225077185Vibhavadi-Rangsit roadE-mail:apicaapic.com.twLadyao, JatujakBangkok 10900Tel:+6626893000Fax:+6626188109E-mail:abaqusth(@worley.com.auTURKEYUNITED KINGDOM(Cheshire)A-Ztech ltdABAQUS UK LtdPerdemsac Plaza, Teknoloji eviThe Genesis CentreBayar Cad, Gulbahar Sok., No: 17Science park south BirchwoodKozyataWarrington Cheshire WA3 7BH34742 IstanbulTel:+441925810166TURKIYEFax:+441925810178Tel:+902163618850E-mail: hotline abaqus. co ukFax:+90216361885E-mail:info(aa-ztech.com.tiSales OnlUNITED STATESABAOUS EaSt llc. mid-Atlantic officeABAOUS SOUth. Inc. Southeast office1 1 4 Zachary Court484 Broadstone wayForest hilL. MD 21050Acworth.GA30101lel:+14104208587lel:+17707950960Fax:+14104208908Fax:+17707957614E-mail:support(@abaquseast.comE-mail:support(@AbaqusSouth.comABAQUS West, Inc, Southern CA and Az Office ABAQUS West, Inc, Rocky Mountains Office1100 Irvine boulevard #2486910 Cordwood CtTustin Ca 92780Boulder co 80301Iel:+17147315895Tel:+13036645444Fax:+17142427002Fax:+1303200948lE-mail:inFo(aabaqusWest.comE-mail:Into(aabaqusWest.comFINLANDINDIA (Pune)ABAQUS Finland OyABAQUS Engineering Analysis Solutions(Pvt. LtdTekniikantie 12C-9. 3rd FloorFIN-02150 EspooBramha Estate, Kondwa roadTel:+358925172973Pune-411040Fax:+358925172200Tel:+912030913739F-mail: abaqus(@abaqus.seF-mail: abaqus( abaqus. co inUNITED KINGDOM(Kent)ABAOUS UK LtdGreat hollander business centre. Unit aMill Lane. UnderriverSevenoaks, Kent tN15 OSQTel:+441732834930Fax:+441732834720E-mail: hotline(abaqus. co ukPrefaceThis section lists various resources that are available for help with using ABAQUS, including technicalengineering and systems support, training seminars, and documentationSupportABAQUS, Inc, offers both technical engineering support and systems support for ABAQUS. Technicalengineering and systems support are provided through the nearest local support office. You can contactour offices by telephone, fax, electronic mail, the ABAQUs web-based support system, or regular mailInformation on how to contact each office is listed in the front of each ABAQUS manual. The ABAQUSOnline Support System(AOSS) is accessible through the MY ABAQUS section of the ABAQUS HomePage(www.abaqus.com).Whencontactingyourlocalsupportofficespleasespecifywhetheryouwouldlike technical engineering support (you have encountered problems performing an ABAQUS analysis orcreating a model in ABAQUS) or systems support (ABAQUS will not install correctly, licensing does notwork correctly, or other hardware-related issues have arisenThe ABAQUS Online Support System has a knowledge database of ABAQUS Answers. The ABAQUSAns wers are solutions to questions that we have had to answer or guidelines on how to use ABAQUS. Wewelcome any suggestions for improvements to the support program or documentation. We will ensure thatany enhancement requests you make are considered for future releases. If you wish to file a complaint aboutthe service or products provided by aBaqUs, refer to the aBaQus Home PageTechnical engineering supportABAQUS technical support engineers can assist in clarifying ABAQUS features and checking errors by givingboth general information on using ABAQUS and information on its application to specific analyses. If youhave concerns about an analysis, we suggest that you contact us at an early stage, since it is usually easier tosolve problems at the beginning of a project rather than trying to correct an analysis at the end.Please have the following information ready before calling the technical engineering support hotline, andinclude it in any written contacts:Your site identifier, which can be obtained by typing abaqus whereami at your system prompt(or byselecting Help-On Version from the main menu bar in ABAQUS/CAE or ABAQUS/Viewer)· The version of△ BAQUS that are you usingThe version numbers for ABaQUS/Standard and ABAQUS/Explicit are given at the top of the data(. dat)fileThe version numbers for ABAQUS/CAE and ABAQUS/Viewer can be found by selectingHelp-On Version from the main menu bar.The version numbers for the abaqus Interface for MoldFLOW and the abaQus Interface forMSC ADAMS are output to the screenThe version number for ABAQUS for CAtIa V5 can be found by selecting Help-AboutABAQUS for CaTiA V5 from the main menu bar in either of the aBaqus for CAtIA V5workbenchesThe type of computer on which you are running ABAQUSThe symptoms of any problems, including the exact error messages, if anyWorkarounds or tests that you have already triedWhen calling for support about a specific problem, any available abaqus output files may be helpful inanswering questions that the support engineer may ask youThe support engineer will try to diagnose your problem from the model description and a description ofthe difficulties you are having. The support engineer may need model sketches, which can be sent via fae-mail, or regular mail. Plots of the final results or the results near the point that the analysis terminated mayalso be needed to understand what may have caused the problemIf the support engineer cannot diagnose your problem from this information, you may be asked tosupply the input data. The data can be attached to a support incident in the aBaQUS Online SupportSystem. It may also be sent by means of e-mail, tape, disk, or ftp Please check the ABAQUS Home Page(http://www.abaquscom)forthemediaformatsthatarecurrentlyacceptedAll support incidents are tracked in the abaQUs Online Support System. This enables you( as well asthe support engineer) to monitor the progress of a particular problem and to check that we are resolving supportissues efficiently. To use the ABAQUS Online Support System, you need to register with the system. Visit theMY ABAQUS Section of the ABAQUS Home Page for instructions on how to register. If you are contactingus by means outside the aoss to discuss an existing support problem and you know the incident number,please mention it so that we can consult the database to see what the latest action has been and, thus, giveyou more efficient support as well as avoid duplication of effort. In addition, please give the receptionist thesupport engineers name if contacting us via telephone or include it at the top of any e-mail correspondenceSystems supportABAQUS SyStems support engineers can help you resolve issues related to the installation and running ofABAQUS, including licensing difficulties, that are not covered by technical engineering supportYou should install ABaQUS by carefully following the instructions in the ABAQUS Installation andLicensing Guide If you are able to complete the installation, please make sure that the product verificationprocedure was run successfully at the end of the installation procedure. Successful verification for licensedproducts would indicate that you can run these products on your computer; unsuccessful verification forlicensed products indicates problems with the installation or licensing (or both ) If you encounter problemswith the installation, licensing, or verification, first review the instructions in the abaQus Installation andLicensing Guide to ensure that they have been followed correctly. If this does not resolve the problems,consult the ABAQUS Answers database in the ABaQUS Online Support System for information about knowninstallation problems. If this does not address your situation, please create an incident in the AOSS anddescribe your problem, including the output from abaqus info=support. If you call, mail, e-mail, or faxus about a problem(instead of using the Aoss), please provide the output from abaqus info=support. Itis important that you provide as much information as possible about your problem: error messages from anaborted analysis, output from the abaqus info=support command, etc
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