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【实例简介】在电力系统中，电压和电流应是完好的正弦波。但是在实际的电力系统中，由于非线性负载的影响，实际的电网电压和电流波形总是存在不同程度的畸变，给电力输配电系统及附近的其它电气设备带来许多问题，因而就有必要采取措施限制其对电网和其它设备的影响。 　　在我国，当前主要的谐波源主要是一些整流设备。传统的整流方式通常采用二极管整流或相控整流方式，采用二极管整流方式的整流器存在从电网吸取畸变电流，造成电网的谐波污染，而且直流侧能量无法回馈电网等缺点。这些整流器从电网汲取电流的非线性特征，给周围用电设备和公用电网都会带来不利影响。 　　为了抑制电力电子装置产生的谐波，其中的一种方法就是对整流器本身进行改进，使其尽量不产生谐波，且电流和电压同相位。这种整流器称为高功率因数变流器或高功率因数整流器。高功率因数变流器主要采用PWM整流技术，一般需要使用自关断器件。对电流型整流器，可直接对各个电力半导体器件的通断进行 PWM调制，使输入电流成为接近正弦且与电源电压同相的PWM波形，从而得到接近1的功率因数。对电压型整流器，需要将整流器通过电抗器与电源相连。只要对整流器各开关器件施以适当的PWM控制，就可以对整流器网侧交流电流的大小和相位进行控制，不仅可实现交流电流接近正弦波，而且可使交流电流的相位与电源电压同相，即系统的功率因数总是接近于1。本文主要对与PWM整流器相关的功率开关器件、主电路拓扑结构和控制方式等进行详细说明，在此基础上对PWM 整流技术的发展方向加以探讨。

在电力电子装置中的一个重要组成部分,输入连接到控制电路的PWM信号输出端，输出连接到装置各IGBT的门极和发射极，将装置中的控制电路产生的数字PWM信号进行隔离传输和电平转换和功率放大,实现控制电路对IGBT进行开通和关断动作的控制，从而实现装置的功率变换功能。InfineontechnologiesIGBT Gate Drive: Power Suppliesa Gate driving voltage for IGBT+15Vturn-on is normally +15VDriver>□1a Gate driving voltage for IGBTOVturn-off can be oV or negativeWith Single Power Supply5V to-15V)a Negative gate driving voltage+15Vhelps IGBt switch off fasterremain in off state but itDriverneeds dual power suppliesOVWhether to use oV or negativegate driving voltage depends15VWith Dual Power Supplieson the requirement on costZH Liang - Al APperformance05Dec2003agefor internal use onlyInfineon Technologies Asia PacificInfineontechnologiesIGBT Gate Drive: InterfaceOpto-couplers is commonly used as interfacingdevices for applications where both signaltransmission and potential isolation are requiredOpto-couplers offers reliable isolation between IGBT(high-potential)& micro-controller(low-potential)Opto-couplers has long signal delay(us)and isexpensiveIsolation +VDpCCMicroDrivercontrollerZH Liang - Al AP05Dec2003Page 6for internal use onlyInfineon Technologies Asia PacificInfineontechnologiesIGBT Gate Drive: Half-bridge DriveStandard configuration: 2 drivers, 2 power supplies, 2 opto-couplersAdvantages: standard, reliableDisadvantages: using opto-couplers, higher system costIsolation +VDDlCC1DriverCC1MicrocontrollerDD2+VCC2DriverCC2ZH Liang - Al AP05Dec2003Page 7for internal use onlyInfineon Technologies Asia PacificInfineontechnologiesIGBT Gate Drive: Half-bridge DriveIn half-bridge IGBT drive, opto-couplers offer two functions(1)safety isolation &(2) shifting the potential of the gatesignal from uc potential to high-side potentialIf safety isolation between IGBT& micro-controller is notneeded, then"Level Shift" can replace opto-coupling andrealize function(2)OptoHigh-sideHigh-sidecouplerDriverIGBTMicro-Opto-LoW-sideLow-sidecontrollercouplerDriverIGBTZH Liang - Al AP05Dec2003Page 8for internal use onlyInfineon Technologies Asia PacificInfineontechnologiesIGBT Gate Drive Level shiftI FeaturesHVc(600V/1200V)沿PULSERFILTERShort Signal DelayPULSE■Cost- effectiveGEN■ No Safety Isolationevel Shift Half-bridge DriverI BenefitHigh-side““°IGBTO Saving Opto-couplersLevel(lower system costShiftMicro● Wider range ofcontrollerLevelLow-side■■■■■直■口m留■Switching FrequencyShiftIGBT(higher flexibility)ZH Liang - Al AP05Dec2003Page 9for internal use onlyInfineon Technologies Asia PacificInfineontechnologiesIGBT Gate Drive: CLTNEWO CLT-Coreless Transformer (for signal transmissionu Coils(Primary Secondary Side)realized on SiliconO Short Signal Delay (allowing high or low switching frequencyu Lower Cost(compared to 1200V level-shift driver日 Safety IsolationCLT Half-bridge DriverHigh-sideCLT Single DriverIGBTCLTMicro-controllerCLTIGBTMicro-controllerLoW-sideIGBTZH Liang - Al AP05Dec2003agefor internal use onlyInfineon Technologies Asia PacificInfineontechnologiesIGBT Gate Drive: Boot-strapBoot-strap circuit includes only a diode and a capacitora In half-bridge drive, the boot-strap circuit can replace the high-sidepower supply and make single-supply operation possibleWhen the low-side IGBT (or FWD)is on, the diode is forwardbiased and the capacitor is charged by the low-side power supplyvia the low-side IGBT and stores the energyWhen the low-side IGBt(and FWD)is OFF, the diode is reversebiased and blocks the dc-bus voltage to protect the low-sidecircuit. Meanwhile, the capacitor supplies energy to the high-sidedriverThe boot-strap capacitance should be high enough to keep thesupply voltage stable Capacitance needed can be calculatedbased on the working conditions and device parametersZH Liang - Al AP05Dec2003agefor internal use onlyInfineon Technologies Asia PacificInfineontechnologiesIGBT Gate Drive: Boot-strap circuitConventional2心菲*|■3 high-side power supplies■1|oW- side power supplyUsing boot-strap circuit心体心心●3 diodes& capacitorso 1 low-side power supplyFeaturesa Diode: ultra-fast recoverya Capacitor: general-purposed ITAa Dependent on low-side IGBTBenefitsSaving 3 PS(transformer cost)22ZH Liang - Al AP05Dec2003Reducing wiring connectionPage 12for internal use onlyInfineon Technologies Asia Pacific

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