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【实例简介】基于XILINX嵌入式硬核的VERILG EXAMPLE,包含TESTBENCH的MODELSIM仿真程序

在计算机上训练，将训练后的参数给单片机，单片机来仿真，之前已经在stm32f4上成功仿真过

这个按照作者的所说的方法做了一些改动，效果还可以，速度很快，程序实现了四种算法，Retinex算法，暗原色算法，Retinex HE，RetinexBF，可以对输入的视频进行处理，,视频格式可以是avi,mpg等，可调节的参数是大气光

sl4a+python API中文参考及 sl4a+python API官方英文(离线html版本)免积分下载

LIBSVM是台湾大学林智仁(Lin Chih-Jen)教授等开发设计的一个简单、易于使用和快速有效的SVM模式识别与回归的软件包，他不但提供了编译好的可在Windows系列系统的执行文件，还提供了源代码，方便改进、修改以及在其它操作系统上应用；该软件对SVM所涉及的参数调节相对比较少，提供了很多的默认参数，利用这些默认参数可以解决很多问题；并提供了交互检验(Cross Validation)的功能。该软件可以解决C-SVM、ν-SVM、ε-SVR和ν-SVR等问题，包括基于一对一算法的多类模式识别问题。

主题模型（Topic Model）LDA详解及其Matlab代码

整理自网络的基于MATLAB语言的自适应核密度估计程序，实现对一维数据的AKDE处理

matlab联合STK进行北斗卫星运行仿真，目前北斗卫星的程序不是很多，这个程序已经通过运行，希望可以帮助到大家！

美国NGSIM系统的使用手册，方便读者高效的利用NGSIM进行数据下载，完成交通领域的研究Technical Report Documentation Page1. Report No2. Government Accession no3. Recipients Catalog NoFHWA-HOP-06-0124. Title and subtitle5. Report DateNext Generation Simulation(NGSIM) Data Format Planly20046. Performing Organization Code7. Author(s8. Performing Organization report noVijay Kovvali, richard margiotta, Robert franc, vassiliAlexiadis9. Performing Organization Name and Address10. Work Unit NoCAMBRIDGE SYSTEMATIC INC150 CAMBRIDGE PARK DRIVE SUITE 400011. Contract or grant noCAMBRIDGE MA 02140DTFH61-02-C-0003612. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address13. Type of Report and Period CoveredDepartment of transportationFinal reportFederal Highway AdministrationJuly 2003-july 2004Office of Acquisition Management14. Sponsoring Agency Code400 Seventh Street SW, RM 4410Washington, DC 2059015. Supplementary notesFHWA COTR: John Halkias, Office of Operations, and James Colyar, Office of Operations r&d16. AbstractThe Next Generation Simulation Program(NGSIM) Data Format Plan was developed to define thestructure, documentation, and transfer requirements for data that will be collected for estimationcalibration, and validation of core behavioral algorithms. The development of the data Format Plan isbased on existing formats that are relevant to ngsim and augmented to fill in gaps. to this end, a reviewof existing data formats was undertaken and their relevance to NGSiM was assessed. The review includeddata standards developed for intelligent transportation systems(ITS), data formats developed specificallyfor traffic simulation models, and data formats developed for broader transportation applications. Thespecified data formats were developed with the objective of promoting efficient research by maintainingonsistency between data collection and research, and providing consistent storage and transmittalprotocols. On the other hand, this plan intentionally avoids over specification of data formats, so as tominimize unnecessary limitations to research. This document specifies the conceptual data model by meansof Unified Modeling Language UMl class diagrams; the data dictionary in the data standard prescribed bP1489-1999 format developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE); the dataexchange structure for data transfer from user to user or from the database/repository to users; and theNGSIM metadata17. Key words1 8. Distribution StatementNext generation simulation, NGSIM, trafficNo restrictions. This document is available to thesimulation, high-level plan, traffic data collection, public through the National Technical Informationvehicle trajectory dataService, Springfield, VA2216119. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No of Pages22. PriceUnclassifiedUnclassifiedForm dot e1700.7(8-72)Reproduction of completed pages authorizedTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1High- Level plan context……垂垂垂垂·着垂垂垂垂非垂·非垂垂看垂音非非;·垂垂音看垂看垂1.2 Background1.3 Data Collection Types……1344581. 4 Data Conversion1.5 Data Formats·····.···············.··.···.·;···..·.··..·.···2.0 NGSIM DATA REQUIREMENTS22 Microsimulation Software Data format,…………172.1 NGSIM Data…192.3 Rcquirements for NgsiM data Collection..................193.0 RECOMMENDED NGSIM DATA FORMATS..m. 233.1 NGSIM Data model233.2 NGSIM Data Dictionary……………243.3 NGSIM Metadata.............................253.4 NGSIM Data Exchange Format273.5 File and Directory Naming Convention……293.6 Summary30REFERENCES31APPENDIX A-REVIEW OF EXISTING TRANSPORTATION DATA FORMATS3APPENDIX B-ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS FOR NGSIM DATACOLLECTION,45APPENDIX C-DATA MODEL∴….,,53APPENdIXD-DATA DICTIONARY.APPENDIX E-METADATA. ...........................................................................................99APPENdIX F-SYSTEM-STATE DATA看香音看音香n117List of FiguresFigure 1 Diagram. NGSIM task interdependencies4Figure2. Diagran. Data format classification relevant to ngsim1………Figure 3. Diagram. Top level data model of general traffic simulation55Figure4. Diagram. Influencing factors database packages………………56Figure 5. Diagram. Behavioral models packages57Figure6. Diagran. Facility type generalization…………18Figure 7. Diagram. Traffic management systems generalization......59Figure 8. Diagram. Transit management systems generalizationFigure9. Diagran. nvironment generalization.………………………0Figure 10. Diagram NTCIP Controller class diagram61Figure 11 Diagram Actuated traffic signal controller generalization2Figure12 Diagram. Generalized microsimulation data model………………63Figure 13 Diagram Data concept components and constructs(IEEE Std 1489-1999)66List of tablesTable 1. Example validation data by algorithm categoryTable 2. Summary of NGSiM categorizations for data formatsTable 3. Accuracy requirements for vehicle trajectory data. ..45Table 4. Accuracy requirements for instrumented vehicle data.........46Table 5. Accuracy requirements for wide-area detector data......... 47Table 6. Accuracy requirements for nctwork-rclated data48Table 7. Accuracy requirements for representative transportation managementsystems data52Table 8. Terminology for UMLmodeler54Table 9. Data dictionary for NgSim.67Table 10 processing documentation metadata for ngsimwwwwwm116Table1l. Requisite vehicle trajectory data…………………………117Table 12. requisite wide-area detector data requirements……118EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Next Generation Simulation Program(NGsim) Data Format plan was developed todefine the structure, documentation, and transfer requirements for data that will be col-lected for estimation, calibration, and validation of core behavioral algorithms. Thedevelopment of the data format plan is based on existing formats that are relevant toNGSIM and augmented to fill in gaps. To this end, a review of existing data formats wasundertaken and their relevance to ngsim was assessed. The review included data standards developed for intelligent transportation systems (ITS), data formats developed spe-cifically for traffic simulation models and data formats developed for broader transporta-tion applications. The specified data formats were developed with the objective of pro-moting efficient research by maintaining consistency between data collection andresearch, and providing consistent storage and transmittal protocols. On the other handthis plan intentionally avoids overspecification of data formats, so as to minimize unnecessary limitations to researchFour data format components were specified in this document, including: 1)data model,2)data dictionary, 3 )metadata, and 4) data exchange formatNGSIM Data Model- The conceptual data model for NGSIM data formats is pre-sented by means of Unified Modeling Language() class diagrams. Used in con-junction with the data dictionary, the data model allows for construction of a formaldatabase/repository for NGSIM validation dataNGSIM Data Dictionary This provides definition of individual data elementsrequired by NGsim. It follows the data standard prescribed by P1489-1999 formatdeveloped by the Institutc of Elcctrical and Electronics Engineers(ieee)NGSIM Data Exchange Format- The data cxchange structure dcfincs how datashould be transferred from user to user or from the database /repository to users. Thisdocument specifies the framework for developing data exchange formats by providingthe data model and the data dictionary; it also provides clear guidance on the formatstandards with which the data exchange format should conform Currently it doesnot provide specific schema for the data exchange formatsNGSIM Metadata- This includes both traditional metadata(definitions, specificationsand valid value lists for data elements and general information about the dataset andits availability); and processing metadata(what has happened to the data from data col-lection to data archival). Administrative metadata formats were adapted fromContent Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata(FGDC-STD-001-1998), developedby the Federal Geographic Data Committee(FGDC). Recommendations for NGSiMprocessing metadata are based on the guidance provided in ASTM E2259-03, devel-oped by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTm)1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe objectives of the NGsim program include the followingDevelopment of a core set of open behavioral algorithms in support of traffic simulation with a primary focus on microscopic modelingCollection of extensive data that will be used for estimation calibration and validationof the core behavioral algorithms; and storing the data in a repository that can be uni-versally accessedThe High-Level Plan for DatasetsTask E3)identified different kinds of traffic data col-lection methods and technologies and recommended three kinds of data collection effortsfor ngsim, including vehicle trajectory data wide area detector data and instrumentedvehicle dataThis report Task F)presents the documentation, format structure, and transfer requirements for the ngsim data formats for these data collection efforts identified in task e3This report is organized as followsExecutive Summary -Provides an executive summary of this documentSection1.0-Provides an overview and introduction to this report, including the con-text of the data format plan within NGsIM, information on NGsim data collection anddata types, information on data conversion, general information on data formats, anda summary of available transportation data formats and their relevance for ngsimSection 2.0-Presents definitions and categorization for different data types, and pro-vides ngsim data requirementsSection 3.0-Presents data format recommendations for the NGsim program,including a data model, data elements for the data dictionary, metadata to describe thedata collection effort and data exchange formatsReferences-Presents references used in developing this data format planAppendix a-Presents a review of existing transportation data formatsAppendix B-Presents accuracy requirements for NGSiM data collectionAppendix C- Presents a UML representation of the ngsim data modelAppendix D-Presents a high-level NGSIM data dictionaryAppendix E- Presents metadata categories, dictionary, and recommended metadataformats for ngsim1.1 HIGH-LEVEL PLAN CONTEXTInterdependencies among NGSIM tasks are shown in figure 1. The High-Level Plan forDatasets(Task E. 3) presents an assessment of existing datasets of potential use for NGSIM,and makes recommendations on the focus for nGsim data collection methodologies. Thisreport on the data Format Plan task f) provides recommendations on the data exchangeformat(s) for NGSIM data collection efforts. The data formats are also influenced by theHigh-Level Verification and Validation Plan(task e 2)Task E 1-1Core algorithmAssessmentTask e,3Task e.1-2Task e2High-LevelCore AlgorithmHigh-Level Verificationlan for DatasetsPlanandⅤ alidation planTask eData format planFigure 1 Diagram. NGSIM task interdependencies.1.2 BACKGROUNDThe NGSiM field data collection effort pursues data required for developing, estimating,calibrating and validating traffic behavioral algorithms. Tactical route execution, opera-tional driving, and en-route strategic traveler behaviors were identified as the focus of theNGSIM core behavioral algorithm research in the identification and prioritization of coreAlgorithms Task D)report. The High-Level Verification and Validation Plan(task e2)provides an example of the data collection datasets for each algorithm category as shownin table 1. the table illustrates the extent over which data must be collected for each levelof algorithm. For example, for operational driving algorithms, a single stretch of roadwayon a freeway will likely be sufficient, while, for development of tactical driving algo-rithms, the data collection effort should be expanded to include the freeway section andmultiple entry and exit ramps that feed the freeway. The data formats developed in thisplan address the data, both static and dynamic, that are pertinent to the data collectionefforts necessary for developing and validating all three categories of driver behavioralalgorithms4

贝叶斯估计与跟踪实用指南pdfBayesianEstimationand Tracking园冒国后固目Bayesian Estimation and TrackingA practical Guide内容简介非高斯系统估计的文献一般都存在缺少实用方法的缺点,而高斯方法又缺乏严密、有组织的推导《贝叶斯估计与跟踪实用指南》一书设法解决这个领域中的不足,为读者提供全面的高斯噪声与非高斯噪声驱动的线性与非线性动态系统估计方法的介绍。本书特点在于提供了贝叶斯估计与跟踪的统一方法,重点强调了在贝叶斯框架下所有跟踪算法的推导过程,还给出了用于计算加权密度积分的高效的数值方法,包括加权高斯积分的线性与非线性卡尔曼滤波器,以及非高斯情况下的粒子滤波器。作者首先给出每种估计方法基本原理的详细推导过程,然后分步骤对每一种方法进行详细说明,使得跟踪滤波器的编码更简单易懂。本书利用了案例分析来展示所研究内容的应用。此外,该书还为每个算法提供了框图,让读者可以自己开发 MATLAB估计方法软件工具箱。《贝叶斯估计与跟踪实用指南》是一本优秀的估计与跟踪方法课程的研究生教材。本书还适用于估计与跟踪领域的科学研究人员、数学研究人员和工程技术人员,对他们具有重要的实际应用价值。对广大科技工作者来说,也是一本非常有价值的参考书。作者简介安东,J霍格,博土,美国约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室科研人员,他为防空和导弹防御系(AMDD)提出了先进的目标跟踪方法。霍格博士的研究领域包括目标跟踪,信号和阵列处理与处理设计,主动、被动雷达和声纳设计,数字通信和编码理论以及时间频率分析。责任编辑:牛旭东xinwu@ndip.cn责任校对:苏向颖上架建议:计算机视觉封面设计:蒋秀芹httpt//www.ndip.enISBN978-7-118-09321-6WILEYWILEY eEsCopies of this book sold withouta Wiley sticker on the cover are9W78z118m0932161>unauthorized and illegal定价:79.00元装备科技译著出版基金贝叶斯估计与跟踪实用指南Bayesian Estimation and Tracking: A Practical Guide[美] Anton J.Haug著王欣于晓译图F荤版社北京著作权合同登记图字:军-2013-200号图书在版编目(CIP)数据贝叶斯估计与跟踪实用指南/(美)豪格(Hang,A.J)著;王欣,于晓译.一北京:国防工业出版社,2014.5(高新科技译丛)书名原文 Bayesian estimation and tracking:apractical guideISBN978-7-118-09321-6I.①贝…Ⅱ.①豪…②王…③于…Ⅲ.①贝叶斯估计-指南②贝叶斯估计一应用一目标跟踪一指南Ⅳ①0211.67-62②TN953-62中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2014)第068301号Authorized translation from the English language edition, entitled Bayesian Estimation andTracking, ISBN 978-0-470-62170-7, by Anton J. Haug, published by John Wiley SonsCopyright C 2012 by John Wiley Sons, Inc.All rights reserved. This translation published under license. No part of this book may be repro-duced in any form without the written permission of the original copyrights holderCopies of this book sold without a Wiley sticker on the cover are unauthorized and illegal本书简体中文版由 John Wiley&sons,lno.授权国防工业出版社独家出版。版权所有,侵权必究。阍前有:原社出版发行(北京市海淀区紫竹院南路23号邮政编码100048)北京嘉恒彩色印刷有限责任公司新华书店经售开本710×10001/16印张19%字数370千字2014年5月第1版第1次印刷印数1—2000册定价79.00元本书如有印装错误,我社负责调换)国防书店:(010)88540777发行邮购:(010)88540776发行传真:(010)88540755行业务:(010)88540717前言本书以基本原理为出发点,阐述了贝叶斯估计滤波器的完整的发展历程。书中硏究了由高斯噪声和非髙斯噪声驱动的线性、非线性动态系统。这里假设动态系统是连续的,因为只有在研究离散滤波器的时候,才会在离散时间对系统进行观测。本书的主要目标是给读者提供过去60年来所提出的大部分贝叶斯估计方法的一致性的全面描述,以表明每种以贝叶斯范式为基础的基本思想是如何与条件密度相关的。学习本书内容需要的预备知识包括线性代数、贝叶斯概率理论以及有限差分和插值的数值方法。书中第2章介绍了所有这些主题以及掌握书中其它内容所需的基础知识书中涵盖的部分内容来自于马里兰大学帕克分校数学系的一门研究生课程。该门课程的主要目的是让学生自己开发目标跟踪算法的 MATLAB工具箱。课后给学生们提出一些特定的跟踪问题,要求编写一个或多个 MATLAB子程序来实现某些跟踪方法。一般来说,学生开发的子程序是独立的,并且可以应用于多种难度不大的跟踪问题(例如,纯方位跟踪)。本书不包含任何习题集,使用本书的读者可以根据需要来调整跟踪问题的作业。此外,本书包含4个相当复杂的实用案例,使用本书的老师可以选择其中之一作为编码作业的框架。第一个案例贯穿本书的第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ部分;其余的3个案例则被分成了单独的章节,构成了本书的第Ⅳ部分。本书有两个鲜明特点:①运用大量的表格和图形,给出每种估计方法基本原理的详细推导过程;②每种方法都有非常详细的分步指导,使得跟踪滤波器的编码简单且易于理解。递推贝叶斯估计可以求解转移函数或变换函数的加权条件密度积分。转移函数反映动态状态向量随时间变化的路径,变换函数将状态向量变换成观测向量。有多种求解积分的数值方法,每种都有不同的估计方法。本书第Ⅱ部分和第Ⅲ部分的每个章节都涵盖求解这些积分的一个或多个数值逼近方法,第Ⅱ部分是高斯加权积分的卡尔曼滤波器方法,第Ⅲ部分是未知密度的加权密度积分的粒子滤波器方法。本书是作者在此领域多年研究的成果,希望能为贝叶斯估计和跟踪研究做出贡献。同时,也希望在研究改进这些方法并将其应用到新领域、解决新问题的基础上,本书能够开拓贝叶斯估计和跟踪研究的新方向。Anton J. haug目录刊言Ⅲ第Ⅰ部分预备知识第1章简介…………………………………………31.1贝叶斯推理…1.2贝叶斯层次估计法1.3本书研究范畴1.3.I目标1.3.2章节概述…1.4用 MATLAB⑧进行建模和仿真参考文献…第2章数学基础2.1矩阵线性代数简介9992.1.1矢量与矩阵的约定与记法…2.1.2和与乘积……………………………………………………102.1.3矩阵的逆…2.1.4分块矩阵的逆112.1.5矩阵的平方根…………………………………2.2矢量点发生器…………122.3多参数多维非线性函数估计………………………………152.3.1标量非线性函数估计152.3.2多维非线性函数估计182.4多变量统计概述……232.4.1一般定义32.4.2高斯密度………………………………………25参考文献………………………………………………………31第3章贝叶斯估计的基本概念……333.1贝叶斯估计3.2点估计式343.3基于概率密度函数的递推贝叶斯滤波器…363.4基于状态均值和协方差的递推贝叶斯估计,,,着.383.4.1状态矢量预测……393.4.2状态矢量更新…403.5一般估计方法讨论………………………………42参考文献43第4章实用案例:初步探讨4.1仿真、估计与评价过程,,,,,,,.,,,.非,,..,,鲁非·4.2利用DFAR浮标场进行匀速运动目标跟踪的场景仿真………454.2.1船舶动态模型………………………454.2.2多浮标观测模型464.2.3场景属性………………………………464.3 DIFAR浮标信号处理4.4DFAR似然函数……………………………………………53参考文献55第Ⅱ部分高斯假设:卡尔曼滤波估计器第5章高斯噪声:高斯加权分布的多维积分595.1第3章中重要结论总结5.2回顾卡尔曼滤波器校正(更新)方程的推导…………615.3贝叶斯点预测积分求解高斯密度5.3.1利用仿射变换来简化流程…645.3.2求解高斯加权积分的一般方法66参考文献…………………………68第6章线性卡尔曼滤波器706.1线性动态模型……………………………………………706.2线性观测模型…716.3线性卡尔曼滤波器…6.4IKF在 DIFAR浮标方位估计中的应用,,·,,,·.,,,..,.1.,·Ⅵ参考文献74第7章线性化卡尔曼滤波器:扩展卡尔曼滤波器…767.1一维情况………………767.1.1-维状态预测767.1.2一维状态估计误差方差预测777.1.3一维观测预测方程7.1.4一维预测方程的变换……787.1.5一维线性化EKF过程7.2多维情况………………………807.2.1状态预测方程817.2.2状态协方差预测方程………………………817.2.3观测预测方程……837.2.4多维预测方程的变换837.2.5线性化多维扩展卡尔曼滤波器过程………857.2.6二阶扩展卡尔曼滤波器…867.3多维协方差预测方程的另一种推导……7.4EKF在DFAR船舶跟踪的应用案例分析887.4.1船舶运动动态模型…………………………887.4.2 DIFAR浮标观测模型…………887.4.3初始化卡尔曼滤波器族中所有滤波器907.4.4选定加速度噪声参数………………………917.4.5EKF跟踪滤波器结果参考文献……93第8章 Sigma点类别:有限差分卡尔曼滤波器……948.1一维有限差分卡尔曼滤波器………………………………948.1.1一维有限差分状态预测…948.1.2一维有限差分状态预测……………………………968.1.3一维有限差分观测预测方程…968.1.4一维有限差分卡尔曼滤波器过程………………………968.1.5简化的一维有限差分预测方程978.2多维有限差分卡尔曼滤波器……………………………988.2.1多维有限差分状态预测…988.2.2多维有限差分状态协方差预测1008.2.3多维有限差分观测预测方程101Ⅶ