步进电机控制系统毕业论文(设计)上.rar

不错的MIKE21中文教程，主要介绍MIKE21水动力模块方面的内容Www.Zlvo.Com42.7风场( Wind forcing)···;;;·36注意:42.8冰盖( ce coverage)4.2.9引潮势( Tidal potential)42.10降水-蒸发( Precipitation- Evaporation)….4142.1波浪辐射应力( Wave radiation)424212源( Sources4342.13水工结构物( Structures)454.2.14初始条件( nitial conditions)42.15边界条件( Boundary conditions)6142.16温度/盐度模块(Tcmpcraturc/Salinity Module)6742.17湍流模块( Turbulence module)42.8解耜( Decoupling)….…6742.9输出( Outputs)…特别说明:本手册部分内容来源于网络。Www.Zlvo.Com第一章模型介绍11简介MIKE21是一个专业的工程软件包,用于模拟河流、湖泊、河口、海湾、海岸及海洋的水流、波浪、泥沙及环境。MIKE21为工程应用、海岸管理及规划提供了完备、有效的设计环境。高级图形川户界面与高效的计算引擎的结合使得MIKE2I在世界范围内成为了一个水流模拟专业技术人员不可缺少的工具。丹麦水力研究所开发的平面二维数学模型MIKE21,曾经在丹麦、埃及、澳洲、泰国及中国香港、台湾等国家和地区得到成功应用,在丬面二维白由表面流数值模拟方面具有强大的功能。目前该软件在中国的应用发展很快,并在一些大型工程中广泛应用,如:长江口综合治理工程、杭州湾数值模拟、南水北调工程、重庆市城市排污评价、太湖富营养模型、香港新机场工程建设等。12MIKE21软件特点(1)用户界面友好,属于集成的 Windows图形界面;(2)具有强大的前、后攵理功能。在前处理方面,能根据地形瓷料进行计算网格的划分;在后处理方面具有强大的分析功能,如流场动态演示及动画制作、计算断面流量、实测与计算过程的验证、不同方案的比较等;(3)多种计算网格、模块及许可选择确俫用户根据自身需求来选择模型(4)可以进行热启动,当用户因各种原因需暂时中断MIKE21模型时,只要在上次计算时设置了热启动文件,再次开始计算时将热启动文件调入便可继续计算,极大地方便了计算时间有限制的用户;(5)能进行干、湿节点和干、湿单元的设置,能较方便地进行滩地水流的模拟:(6)具有功能强大的卡片设置功能,可以进行多种控制性结构的设置,如桥墩、堰、闸、涵洞等(7)可广泛地应用于二维水力学现象的研究,潮汐、水流,风暴潮,传热、盐流,水质,波浪紊动,湖震,防浪堤布置,船运,泥沙侵蚀、输移和沉积等,Www.Zlvo.Com被推荐为河流、湖泊、河∏和海岸水流的二维仿真模拟工具。1.3水动力模块原理131控制方程模型是基于三向不可压缩和 Reynolds值均布的 Navier-SLokes方程,并服从于 Boussinesq假定和静水压力的假定。二维非恒定浅水方程组为Ch Chu chvhSChu ahauvan h6x+=1-a=欧h-a(1-22pa ax po po ph)+-(h12)+hu,Schv chuy chvfuh-ghan h apay po aygh ap2 Po ay Po po po、ax11)+hS式中:t为时间:x,y为笛卡尔坐标系坐标;n为水位;d为静止水深;h=n+d为总水深;tn,v分别为x,y方向上的速度分量;f是哥氏力系数,f=2 osin p,(为地球白转角速度,为当地纬度;g为重力加速度;p为水的密度;Sx、SS分别为辐射应力分量;S为源项;(uy,ν)为源项水流流速。字母上带横杠的是平均值。例如,矿、ν为沿水深平均的流速,由以下公式定义hu= udz, hvdzWww.Zlvo.Com为水平粘滞应力项,包括粘性力、紊流应力和水平对流,这些量是根据沿水深平均的速度梯度用涡流粘性方程得出的:T=2A2A13,2数值解法)空间离散计算区域的空间离散是用有限体积法( Finite volume method),将该连续统体细分为不重叠的单元,单元可以是任意形状的多边形,但在这里只考虑三角形和四边形单元。在MKE软件2007版本只能是三角形网格。浅水方程组的通用形式一般可以写成上(U)=S(U)(1-6)式中:U为守恒型物理向量:F为通量向量;S为源项在笛卡尔坐标系中,二维浅水方程组可以写为OU O(F-F)O(FY-Fy)S(1-7)式中:上标/和分别为无粘性的和粘性的通量。各项分别如下:0hCu+g(FhuyOu Cha0Fk=lhAolhugh42Www.Zlvo.Comadh2thPu cy Pogn+fuhpe gn opythiPo oy Po对方程(46)第i个单元积分,并运用 Gauss原理重写可得出「a(Fa)-JA(1-9)式中:A1为单元g2的面积;I;为单元的边界;ds为沿着边界的积分变量这里使用单太求积法来计算面积的积分,该求积点位于单元的质点,同时使用中点求积法水计算边界积分,方程(49)可以写为∑FnAT=S(1-10)式中:U和S分别为第个单元的U和S的平均值,并位于单元中心;NS是单元的边界数;^厂,为第j个单元的长度阶解法和二阶解法都可以用于空间离散求解。对于二维的情况,近似的Riemann解法可以用来计算单元界面的对流流动。使用Roc方法时,界面左边的和右边的相关变量需要估计取值。二阶方法中,空间准確度可以通过使用线性梯度重构的技术来获得。而平均梯度可以用由 jawahar和 Kamath于2000年提出的方法来估计,为了避免数值振荡,模型使用了二阶TVD格式。(2)时间积分考虑方程的一般形式aU=G(U)1-11)对于二维模拟,浅水方程的求解有两种方法:一种是低阶方法,另一种是高阶方法。低价方法即低阶显式的Euer方法Un1=Un+△G(Un)(1-12)式中:为时间步长。高阶的方法为以如下形式的使用了二阶的 Runge kuttaWww.Zlvo.Com方法n12=Un+△G(U,)Un+1=Un+△G(Un+12)(1-13)(3)边界条件1)闭合边界沿着闭合边界(陆地边界),所有垂直于边界流动的变量必须为0。对于动量方程,可以得知沿着陆地边界是完全平稳的。2)开边界开边界条件可以指定为流量过程或者是水位过程3)千湿边界处理动边界问题(T湿边界)的方法是基于赵棣华(1994)和 Sleigh(1998)的处理方式。当深度较小时,该问题可以被重新表述,通过将动量通量设置为零以及只考恳质量通量来实现。只有当深度足够小时,计算不考虑该网格屮元。每个单元的水深会被监测,并且单元会被定义为干、半干湿和湿。单元面也会被监测,以确定淹没边界。满足下面两个条件单元边界被定义为淹没边界:首先单元的一边水深必须小于hn,且另一边水深必须大于h;第二,水深小于hn的单元的静水深加上另一单元表面高程水位必须大于零。满足下亩两个条件单元会被定义为干单元:首先单元中的水深必须小于干水深hn;另外,该单元的三个边界中没有一个是淹没边界。被定义为干的单元在计算中会被忽略不计。单儿破定义为半干:如果单元水深介于h和hm之间,或是当水深小于hy但有一个边界是淹没边界。此时动量通量被设定为0,只有质量通量会被计算。单元会被定义为湿:如果单元水深大于ha。此时动量通量和质量通量都会在计算中被考虑。如果模型中的区域是处在τ湿边交替区,为了避免模型计算岀现不稳定性,使用者可以启用 Flood and Dry选项。在这个情形下使用者必须设定一个干水深Www.Zlvo.Com( drying depth),淹没深度( flooding water depth)和湿水深( wetting depth)者必须满足hn

PCL版本为1.7.1 IDE为 VS2010 本demo实现了SACSegmentation的用法，压缩包里有点云样本和源代码，成功实现了点云的分割和模型提取。

粒子群算法及其应用研究.pdf 非常不错的书，比较清晰.

实现了六种压缩感知算法，均为.m文件，可在matlab直接运行

2011年全国大学生电子设计大赛本科组的竞赛题目及相关作品，A：开关电源模块并联供电系统 B：基于自由摆平板控制系统 C：智能小车 D：LC谐振放大器 E：简易数字信号传输性能分析仪......

韩国同学、卡耐基梅隆大学Shane Moon博士不久前关于AlphaGo技术的详解（对AlphaGo在Nature上发表的论文的总结，当时AlphaGo还只有5段左右的水平）。

大牛学习思科网络总结出将近2000页的CCNA+CCNP笔记+CCNP案例+实验学习笔记，都是干货！

在曲柄滑块机构运动简图的基础上，对其数学运动模型进行分析，用解析法计算曲柄的转角和角速度，及滑块的位移和速度，并用MATLAB软件进行仿真。

OFDMA系统分析与设计的国外经典教材Chapter 1 Introduction to OFDM and OFDMAChapter 2 Characterization of the Mobile Wireless ChannelChapter 3 Fundamentals of Digital Communications and NetworkingChapter 4 Fundamentals of OFDM and OFDMA: Transceiver StructureChapter 5 Physical Layer: Time and FrequencyChapter For a listing of recent titles in theArtech House Mobile Communications Library,turn to the back of this bookOFDMA System Analysis and DesignSamuel C. YangARTECHHOUSEBOSTON LONDONartechhouse. comLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataA catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of CongressBritish Library cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the british libraryISBN-13:978-1-60807-076-3Cover design by vicki KaneC 2010 Artech House685 Canton streetNorwood. MA 02062All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No partof this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec-tronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisherAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or servicemarks have been appropriately capitalized artech House cannot attest to theaccuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regardedas affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark10987654321To my beautiful wife JennyContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsXVCHAPTER TIntroduction to ofdm and ofdma1.1 Motivation1.2 Conventional FDm1.3 Advantages of FDm1.3.1 Intersymbol Interference(ISI)and Multipath Fading1.3.2 Modulation and Coding per Subcarrier1.3.3 Simple equalization1.4 Disadvantages of FDM1.5 Basics of ofdm1.6 Advantages of OFDM1.6.1 Low-Complexity modulation1.6.2 Spectral Efficiency1.7 Basics of ofdma1.8 Advantages of OFDMA121.9 Some Practical issues of ofdm and ofdma1.9.1 Time Domain: Interblock Interference131.9.2 Frequency Domain: Intercarrier Interference131.10 OFDM and Dsss141.11 Overview of the book14References15Selected BibliographyCHAPTER 2Characterization of the mobile wireless channel2.1 Introduction2.2 Link analysis2.3 Distance Dimension: Propagation Loss2.3.1 Path Loss2.3.2 Shadowing Loss24Contents2.3.3 Multipath Fading26Example 2.1282.3.4 Concluding Remarks292.4 Time Dimension: Multipath Delay Spread302.4.1 Delay Spread30Example 2.231Example 2.3312. 4.2 Coherence bandwidth322.4.3 Implications for OFDM352.5 Frequency Dimension: Doppler Spread362.5.1 Doppler Spread36Example 2. 4372.5.2 Coherence time2.5.3 Implications for OFDM402. 6 Conclusions41References43Selected Bibliography44ChAPTER 3Fundamentals of Digital Communications and Networking453.1 Introduction453.2 Basic Functions of a Transceiver453.3 Channel Coding473.3.1 Linear block codes473.3.2 Convolutional codes493.4 Symbol mapping and modulation3.5 Demodulation563. 5. 1 Matched Filter563.5.2 Symbol Error3.6 Adaptive Modulation and Coding603.7 Cyclic Redundancy Check(CRC)623.8 Automatic Repeat Request(arQ)643.8.1 Stop-and-Wait ARQ643.8.2 Sliding Window arQ653.9 Hybrid ARQ67References69Selected bibliographyCHAPTER 4Fundamentals of ofdm and ofdma: transceiver structure4.1 Basic Transmitter functions714.2 Time domain: guard time4.3 Frequency Domain: Synchronization744.4 Basic receiver functions754.5 Equalization764.6 OFDM Symbol79Contents4.7 OFDMA Transmitter844. 8 OFDMA Receiver4.9 OFDMA4.9.1 Frequency diversity4.9.2 Multiuser diversity914.9.3 Concluding Remarks4.10 Peak-to-Average Power ratio924.11 Conclusions93References94Selected Bibliography95CHAPTER 5Physical Layer: Time and Frequency975.1 Introduction5.2 Distributed Subcarrier Permutation: Forming Subchannels onDownlink5.2.1 Full Usage of Subchannels(FUSC1005.2.2 Partial Usage of Subchannels(PUSC)1015.2.3 Tile Usage of Subchannels 1(TUSC1)1025.2.4 Tile Usage of Subchannels 2(TUSC2)1025.3 Distributed Subcarrier Permutation: Forming Subchannels on Uplink 1025.3.1 Partial Usage of Subchannels(PUSC)1035.3.2 Optional Partial Usage of Subchannels(Optional PUSC)1035.4 Adjacent Subcarrier Permutation: Downlink and Uplink1045.5 Summary of Subcarrier Permutation Modes1045.6 Bursts and Permutation Zones1055.7 Subframes and frames1075.7.1 Preamble1105.7.2 Frame Control Header(FCH)1105.7.3 Downlink MAP (DL-MAP)and Uplink MAP(UL-MAP1115. 8 TDD and FDD5. 9 System Design Issues1125.9.1 Frequency Diversity and multiuser diversity1125.9.2 Segmentation1125. 10 Adaptive burst profiles1155.10.1 Burst Profiles1155.10.2 Channel Quality Feedback116References117ChAPTER 6Physical Layer: Spatial Techniques1196.1 Introduction6.2 Spatial Diversity: Receive Diversity1206.2.1 Receive Diversity: Antenna Selection1226.2.2 Receive Diversity: Maximal Ratio Combining6.3 Spatial Diversity: Transmit Diversity123Contents6.3. 1 Transmit Diversity: Open-Loop 2 X 11246.3.2 Transmit Diversity: Open-Loop 2X 21266.3.3 Transmit Diversity: Closed-Loop Antenna Selection128Example 6.11296.3.4 Transmit Diversity: Closed-Loop precoding1306.3.5 Remarks1326.4 Spatial Multiplexing1336.5 MIMO-OFDM1366.6 Beamforming1366.7 System Design Issues139References140Selected Bibliography141CHAPTER 7Medium Access control: architecture and data plane1437.1 MAC Architecture1437.2 Convergence Sublayer1457. 2.1 Address Mapping( Classification1467. 2.2 Header Suppression1467. 3 Common Part Sublayer1477.3.1ARQ1477. 3.2 MAC SDU and MAc pdu1487.3.3 Fragmentation/Packing1497.4 Security Sublayer152References152chaPTeR 8Medium Access Control Lower Control plane1538. 1 Introduction1538.2 Scheduler1538.3 Bandwidth Request1558.3.1 Request in Existing Uplink Allocation1568.3.2 Unicast Polling1568.3.3 Multicast and Broadcast Polling1578.3.4 Contention-Based Request for OFDMA1578.4 Control Signaling1588.5 Ranging1598.5.1 Initial Ranging1598.5.2 Periodic Ranging1608.5.3 Handover ranging1618.6 Power Control1618.6.1 Uplink Power Control: Closed-Loop1648.6.2 Uplink Power Control: Open-Loop1668.6.3 Assignment of Uplink Modulation and Coding8.6.4 Concluding Remarks168References169ContentsChaPTER 9Medium Access Control: Upper Control plane1719.1 Introduction1719.2 Network Entry1719.2. 1 Synchronization with Downlink of Base Station and acquisitionof parameters1739.2.2 Initial Ranging1739. 2.3 Negotiation of Mobile Capabilities1749.2.4 Security Procedures1749.2.5 Mobile registration1759.2.6 IP Connectivity1759.2.7 Connection Setup1769.3 Mobility Management: Link Handover1769.3.1 Cell Reselection1779.3.2 Hard Handover(HHO1799.3.3 Macro Diversity Handover(MDHO)1849.3.4 Fast Base Station Switching(FBSS1879.3.5 System Design Issue: H Add and h delete1899.3.6 Concluding Remarks1919.4 Mobility management: Network handover192References192CHAPTER 10Quality of Service(Qos)19510.1 Introduction19510.2 Definitions and Fundamental Concepts19510.2.1 Service Flows and Qos Parameters19510.2.2 Connections19610.3 Object Relationship Model19710.4 Service flow transactions19910.4.1 Creating a Service Flow19910.4.2 Changing a Service Flow20010.4.3 Deleting a Service Flow20310.5 QoS Parameters20410.6 Scheduling Services20610.6.1 Unsolicited Grant Service(UGS)20610.6.2 Real-Time Polling Service(rtPS20710.6.3 Extended Real-Time Polling Service(ertPS20710.6.4 Nonreal-Time Polling Service(nrtPS20810.6.5 Best Effort(BE)20810.6.6 Remarks209References210

MATLAB摄像机标定程序，对于做三维摄像机标定的人很有用，希望大家分享！