基于51单片机的只能台灯
文档包括实验过程以及核心代码,有兴趣的朋友可以参考。开始定时器初始化按键按下?是切换控制自动模式?>>是一否按键按下是最近分钟是检测到有人?降低亮度检测环境亮度否熄灭台灯调节台灯亮度是按键按下?增加亮度否距离面过近?是否蜂鸣器提醒结束图软件流程图调光程序设计称为脉冲宽度调制,调光的原理主要是首先确定一个固定的时间周期,在木设计中把这个周期定为亳秒,这个周期的时间不宜过长,否则会有台灯闪烁的现象。然后在这个周期里面,确定不同的高低电平比例,即可确定不同的台灯亮度。如下流程图所示,假如的取值是,那么就是点亮台灯亳秒,熄灭台灯毫秒,然后又重新点亮亳秒,熄灭亳秒,依此循环。这样亮灭的时间比例就是,亮的时间所占的比例越大,台灯就越亮。开始点亮台灯延时毫秒(熄灭台灯延时毫秒(结束图3PWM调光程序流程图硬件工作图红外测距传感器动态数码管人体传感器日日日日管光敏电阻n蜂吗器模数转换控制键盘T指示灯图4硬件工作图程序原理图如图所示图5原埋图智能台灯程序及注释另附于附录总结本文课题内容涉及到单片机,传感器及模块的的综合运用。实现了用传感器检测现实生活中的模拟量,通过进行模拟量和数字量的的转换,交由单片杋进行处理,从而实现∫智能台灯的功能
- 2020-12-07下载
- 积分:1
Observers in Control Systems
详细介绍了状态观测器及其在控制系统中的应用。Observers inControl SystemsA Practical guideGeorge ellisDanaher corporation4ACADEMIC PRESSAn imprint of elsevier ScienceAmsterdam Boston London New York Oxford ParisSan Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney TokyoThis book is printed on acid-free paper ooCopyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA)All rightsNo part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any informationstorage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requestsfor permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to thefollowing address: Permissions Department, Harcourt, Inc, 6277 Sea Harbor DriveOrlando. Florida. 32887-6777.ACADEMIC PRESSAn imprint of Elsevier Science525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USAhttp://www.academicpress.comAcademic pr84 Theobalds Road. London WCIX 8RR. UKhttp://www.academicpress.comLibrary of congress control Number: 2002104256International Standard book Number: 0-12-237472-XPrinted in the United States of america020304050607MB987654321TO Lee Ann, my loving wife, and our daughter Gretchen, who makes us both proud.Observers in Control Systems■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■Acknowledgments■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■Safety■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■1 Control Systems and the role of observers■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■1.1 Overviewaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa1.2 Preview of observers21.3 Summary of the book2 Control-System Background52.1 Control-System Structures52.2 Goals of control systems132.3 Visual Model Simulation Environment2. 4 Software Experiments: Introduction to Visual ModelQ182.5 Exercises393 Review of the Frequency Domain.■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■3. 1 Overview of the s-domain413.2 Overview of the z-Domain543.3 The Open-Loop Method593.4 A Zone-Based Tuning Procedure623.5 Exercises664 The Luenberger observer: Correcting SensorProblems674. 1 What Is a luenberger observer?674.2 Experiments 4A-4C: Enhancing Stability with an Observer724.3 Predictor-Corrector Form of the Luenberger Observer774. 4 Filter Form of the luenberger observer. ..................................784.5 Designing a Luenberger observer824.6 Introduction to Tuning an observer compensator9047 Exercises955 The Luenberger Observer and Model Inaccuracy... 975.1 Model Inaccuracy.........….……,975.2 Effects of Model Inaccuracy .............................................1005.3 Experimental Evaluation1025.4 Exercises1146 The Luenberger observer and disturbances1156.1 Disturbances1156.2 Disturbance Response1236.3 Disturbance DecouplingIB..-.81296.4 Exercises1387 Noise in the Luenberger Observer…,,,…,,…,…,1417.1 Noise in Control Systems1417.2 Sensor noise and the luenberger observer1457.3 Noise Sensitivity when Using Disturbance Decoupling1567. 4 Reducing Noise Susceptibility in Observer-Based Systems1617.5 Exercises1708 Using the Luenberger Observer in Motion Control1738.1 The Luenberger observers in motion Systems1738.2 Observing Velocity to Reduce Phase Lag1858.3 Using observers to Improve Disturbance Response..... 2028.4 Exercises212Referencesn213A Observer-Based resolver conversion in industrialServo Systems1■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■217B Cures for mechanical resonance in IndustrialServo Systems227Introductionaaa日aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa日aaaaa.aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa日aa227TWo-Part Transfer function228LOW-Frequency Resonance229Velocity Control Law…...8....230Methods of Correction Applied to Low-Frequency Resonance231Conc| usion.…235Acknowledgments235References235C European Symbols for Block Diagrams237Part Linear functions237Part l: nonlinear functions238D Development of the bilinear transformation241Bilinear Transformation241Prewarning242Factoring polynomials243Phase Advancing………………………,243Solutions toChapter 2245Chapter 3245Chapter 4246Chapter 5重口m口m246Chapter 6247Chapter7.….B..8..8..8...248Chapter 8249Index251AcknowledgmentsWriting a book is a large task and requires support from numerous people, and thosepeople deserve thanks. First, I thank LeeAnn, my devoted wife of more than 20 yearsShe has been an unflagging fan, a counselor, and a demanding editor. She taught memuch of what I have managed to learn about how to express a thought in ink. Thanksto my mother who was sure I would grow into someone in whom she would be proudwhen facts should have dissuaded her Thanks also to my father for his insistence thatI obtain a college education; that privilege was denied to him, an intelligent man borninto a family of modest meansI am grateful for the education provided by Virginia Tech Go Hokies. The basicsof electrical engineering imparted to me over my years at school allowed me to graspthe concepts I apply regularly today. I am grateful to Mr. Emory Pace, a toughprofessor who led me through numerous calculus courses and, in doing so, gaveme the confidence on which I would rely throughout my college career and beyondI am especially grateful to Dr Charles Nunnally; having arrived at university froma successful career in industry, he provided my earliest exposure to the practicalapplication of the material I strove to learn. I also thank Dr robert lorenz of theUniversity of Wisconsin at Madison, who introduced me to observers some years agoHis instruction has been enlightening and practical. Several of his university coursesare available in video format and are recommended for those who would like toextend their knowledge of controls. In particular, readers should consider ME 746which presents observers and numerous other subjectsI thank those who reviewed the manuscript for this book. Special thanks goes toDan Carlson for his contributions to almost every chapter contained herein Thanksalso to Eric Berg for his numerous insights. Thanks to the people of KollmorgenCorporation(now, Danaher Corporation), my long-time employer, for their continuing support in writing this book. Finally, thanks to Academic Press, especially to JoelClaypool, my editor, for the opportunity to write this edition and for editing, printing, distributing, and performing the myriad other tasks required to publish a bookX1
- 2020-12-11下载
- 积分:1