少儿Python编程课件

点目标成像程序，对于SAR成像初学者非常有用。里面包含多点目标成像（用RD算法），包含距离徙动矫正，最后结果的评价

支持图形的绘制，移动与拖拽、放大缩小、旋转、复制粘贴、撤销重做；绘制图形包括矩形、多边形、椭圆、直线、曲线等

【实例简介】Qt二维绘图

串口控制继电器模块.vi

Gordon L. Stüber著，为英文原文第三版。其第二版已经翻译成中文，即为移动通信原理（第二版），由电子工业出版社出版，但翻译水平很差。Gordon L. StuberPrinciples of mobileCommunicationThird edition② SpringerGordon L. StuberGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta gaUSAstuber @ece gatech. eduISBN978-1-4614-0363-0e-ISBN978-1-46140364-7DOI10.1007/978-1-46140364-7Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg londonLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2011934683C Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2002, 2011All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the writtenpermission of the publisher(Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use inconnection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer softwareor by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbiddenThe use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they arenot identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subjectto proprietary rightsPrinted on acid-free paperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+businessMedia(www.springer.com)To Alana, our son nickolasmy father lothar Stuiberand my late mother Beatrice stiiberPrefacePrinciples of Mobile Communication, third edition, is a major revision of thesecond edition. Like its earlier editions, this book provides a mathematicallyrigorous overview of physical layer wireless communications. The basic pedagogicmethodology is to include fully detailed derivations from first principles. The text isintended to provide enough principle material to guide the novice student, whilit the same time having plenty of detailed material to satisfy graduate studentsinclined to pursue research in the area. The book is intended to stress the principlesof wireless communications that are applicable to a wide array of wireless standardsIt is intended to serve as a textbook and reference for graduate students, and a usefulreference for practicing engineersOrganization of the bookChapter 1 begins with an overview that is intended to introduce a broad array ofissues relating to wireless communications. Included is a brief description of theevolution of various wireless standards, the basic concepts of cellular frequencyreuse, the land mobile radio propagation environment, link budgets, and coverageand capacity of cellular radio systemsChapter 2 provides an extensive treatment of radio propagation, since goodunderstanding of the physical wireless channel is essential for the developmentand deployment of wireless systems. The chapter begins with a treatment ofthe narrow-band faded envelope for conventional fixed-to-mobile channels foundin cellular radio systems, mobile-to-mobile channels found in mobile ad henetworks, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels where multipleantennas are used at both the transmitter and receiver to achieve high capacity afterconsidering the narrow-band channel, we consider the statistical treatment of wide-band channels. The emulation of wireless channels is essential for the developmentand testing of wireless systems, and the chapter provides a detailed discussion ofchannel simulation techniques. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion ofshadowing and path loss models for land mobile radio environmentsPreraceChapter 3 provides a detailed treatment of co-channel interference which is therimary impairment in spectrally efficient cellular frequency reuse systems. Veryoften the receivers in such systems are affected by multiple co-channel interferersand the probability distribution of the total interfering power is considered. Thchapter also considers the link outage performance due to co-channel interferencein a variety of wireless environmentsChapter 4 covers the various types of modulation schemes that are used in mobilecommunication systems along with their spectral characteristics. The chapter beginswith the mathematical representation of bandpass modulated signals, along withNyquist pulse shaping. Later, a large variety of modulation schemes used in wirelesssystems are considered, including both single-carrier and multi-carrier modulation,and both linear and nonlinear modulation techniques This is followed by a treatmentof the power density spectrum of modulated signals. Although quite mathematicalin nature, power spectrum is an important topic, since wireless systems are requiredto operate within a specified out-of-band emission maskChapter 5 discusses the error probability performance of various digital modulation schemes on narrow-band fat fading channels. The performance is evaluatedwith a variety of receiver structures, including coherent detectors, differentialcoherent detectors and noncoherent detectorsChapter 6 includes a treatment of multi-antenna techniques for combatingenvelope fading. The chapter includes a discussion of various diversity combiningtechniques for coherent, differentially coherent, and noncoherent receiver detectionof signals on fading channels with additive white gaussian noise. also consideredis optimal combining which is effective when the primary additive impairment isco-channel interference rather than noise. Finally, the chapter considers the use ofmultiple antennas at the transmitter in the context of classical beam-forming andtransmit diversityChapter 7 provides an extensive treatment of digital signaling on intersymbolinterference(ISI) channels that are typical of broadband land mobile radio systemsThe chapter begins with the characterization of Isi channels and goes on todiscuss techniques for combating ISI based on symbol-by-symbol equalization andsequence estimation. Later, error probability for maximum likelihood sequenceestimation is considered. The chapter concludes with a discussion of co-channeldemodulation for the purpose of mitigating co-channel interference on Isi channelsChapter 8 covers error control coding techniques for wireless systems. Thechapter begins with a discussion of basic block coding including space-time blockcodes Convolutional coding is considered next along with the Viterbi and BCJRalgorithms for decoding convolutional codes, followed by trellis coded modulationThe chapter then provides a detailed discussion on the design and performanceanalysis of convolutional and trellis codes for awgn channels, and interleaved fatfading channels, and fading isi channels. Later, space-time trellis codes are treatedand the chapter concludes with Turbo codinChapter 9 is devoted to spread spectrum techniques The chapter begins with anintroduction to direct sequence and frequency hop spread spectrum. This is followedy a detailed treatment of spreading sequences. Also included is a discussionPrefaceof the effects of tone interference on direct sequence spread spectrum, and theRAKE receiver performance on wide-band channels. The chapter wraps up witha discussion of cdma multiuser detectionChapter 10 is devoted to multi-carrier techniques. It considers the performanceof ofdm on frequency-selective channels and considers the effect of residualISI and problem of residual ISI cancellation. Later, the chapter examines singlecarrier frequency-domain equalization(SC-FDE)techniques. This is followed by atreatment of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)on both theforward and reverse links. The chapter concludes with a discussion of single-carrierfrequency division multiple acceSs (SC-FDMA)Chapter 11 considers frequency planning techniques for cellular systems. Thechapter begins with a discussion of cell sectoring, cell splitting, and reuse partition-ing. Later, the chapter considers radio planning for OFDMa cellular systems. Thisis followed by hierarchical overlay/underlay architectures based on cluster planningFinally, the chapter wraps up with macrodiversity TDMA cellular architecturesChapter 12 considers CDMa considers CDMA cellular systems, consideringtopics such as capacity and power control This is followed by a discussion ofhierarchical macrodiversity CDMa architectures and their performanceChapter 13 is devoted to cellular radio resource management. The chapter beginswith an introduction to basic hard and soft handoff. Later, the chapter considers theimportant problem of link quality evaluation, including signal strength averaging,velocity estimation, and velocity adaptive hard handoff algorithms later, a detailedanalysis of hard and soft handoff is provided. Finally, the chapter wraps up withmethods for estimating received carrier-to-interference plus noise ratio(CINR)The Appendix includes a brief and focused tutorial discussion of probabilityand random processes. A good understanding of the material in the Appendix isessential, since the concepts are widely used throughout the textUSing This Book for InstructionThe book has been developed from a graduate-level course on physical wirelesscommunications that I have taught at Georgia Tech since 1993. Normally, I prefera graduate-level course in digital communications as a prerequisite for this courseHowever, such a prerequisite may be waived to the extent that there is extensivebackground material in each chapter. A course may cover the introductory materialin each chapter and skip the more specialized material. In my own classes, I alwaystry to judge the mathematical level of the students early and adapt accordinglyThe book obviously contains far too much material to be taught in a onesemester course. However, i believe that it can serve as a suitable text in mostsituations through the appropriate instructor selection of background sections. Myown preference for a one semester course is to include the following material inorder: Chap. 1, Chap 2(skipping the more advanced material), and the first twosections of Chap 3. In moving to modulation waveforms in Chap. 4, an instructormay have to treat/assume basic signal-space representation. However, most students

Q强化学习matlab源代码，注释详细，本人亲自运行测试。

不错的MIKE21中文教程，主要介绍MIKE21水动力模块方面的内容Www.Zlvo.Com42.7风场( Wind forcing)···;;;·36注意:42.8冰盖( ce coverage)4.2.9引潮势( Tidal potential)42.10降水-蒸发( Precipitation- Evaporation)….4142.1波浪辐射应力( Wave radiation)424212源( Sources4342.13水工结构物( Structures)454.2.14初始条件( nitial conditions)42.15边界条件( Boundary conditions)6142.16温度/盐度模块(Tcmpcraturc/Salinity Module)6742.17湍流模块( Turbulence module)42.8解耜( Decoupling)….…6742.9输出( Outputs)…特别说明:本手册部分内容来源于网络。Www.Zlvo.Com第一章模型介绍11简介MIKE21是一个专业的工程软件包,用于模拟河流、湖泊、河口、海湾、海岸及海洋的水流、波浪、泥沙及环境。MIKE21为工程应用、海岸管理及规划提供了完备、有效的设计环境。高级图形川户界面与高效的计算引擎的结合使得MIKE2I在世界范围内成为了一个水流模拟专业技术人员不可缺少的工具。丹麦水力研究所开发的平面二维数学模型MIKE21,曾经在丹麦、埃及、澳洲、泰国及中国香港、台湾等国家和地区得到成功应用,在丬面二维白由表面流数值模拟方面具有强大的功能。目前该软件在中国的应用发展很快,并在一些大型工程中广泛应用,如:长江口综合治理工程、杭州湾数值模拟、南水北调工程、重庆市城市排污评价、太湖富营养模型、香港新机场工程建设等。12MIKE21软件特点(1)用户界面友好,属于集成的 Windows图形界面;(2)具有强大的前、后攵理功能。在前处理方面,能根据地形瓷料进行计算网格的划分;在后处理方面具有强大的分析功能,如流场动态演示及动画制作、计算断面流量、实测与计算过程的验证、不同方案的比较等;(3)多种计算网格、模块及许可选择确俫用户根据自身需求来选择模型(4)可以进行热启动,当用户因各种原因需暂时中断MIKE21模型时,只要在上次计算时设置了热启动文件,再次开始计算时将热启动文件调入便可继续计算,极大地方便了计算时间有限制的用户;(5)能进行干、湿节点和干、湿单元的设置,能较方便地进行滩地水流的模拟:(6)具有功能强大的卡片设置功能,可以进行多种控制性结构的设置,如桥墩、堰、闸、涵洞等(7)可广泛地应用于二维水力学现象的研究,潮汐、水流,风暴潮,传热、盐流,水质,波浪紊动,湖震,防浪堤布置,船运,泥沙侵蚀、输移和沉积等,Www.Zlvo.Com被推荐为河流、湖泊、河∏和海岸水流的二维仿真模拟工具。1.3水动力模块原理131控制方程模型是基于三向不可压缩和 Reynolds值均布的 Navier-SLokes方程,并服从于 Boussinesq假定和静水压力的假定。二维非恒定浅水方程组为Ch Chu chvhSChu ahauvan h6x+=1-a=欧h-a(1-22pa ax po po ph)+-(h12)+hu,Schv chuy chvfuh-ghan h apay po aygh ap2 Po ay Po po po、ax11)+hS式中:t为时间:x,y为笛卡尔坐标系坐标;n为水位;d为静止水深;h=n+d为总水深;tn,v分别为x,y方向上的速度分量;f是哥氏力系数,f=2 osin p,(为地球白转角速度,为当地纬度;g为重力加速度;p为水的密度;Sx、SS分别为辐射应力分量;S为源项;(uy,ν)为源项水流流速。字母上带横杠的是平均值。例如,矿、ν为沿水深平均的流速,由以下公式定义hu= udz, hvdzWww.Zlvo.Com为水平粘滞应力项,包括粘性力、紊流应力和水平对流,这些量是根据沿水深平均的速度梯度用涡流粘性方程得出的:T=2A2A13,2数值解法)空间离散计算区域的空间离散是用有限体积法( Finite volume method),将该连续统体细分为不重叠的单元,单元可以是任意形状的多边形,但在这里只考虑三角形和四边形单元。在MKE软件2007版本只能是三角形网格。浅水方程组的通用形式一般可以写成上(U)=S(U)(1-6)式中:U为守恒型物理向量:F为通量向量;S为源项在笛卡尔坐标系中,二维浅水方程组可以写为OU O(F-F)O(FY-Fy)S(1-7)式中:上标/和分别为无粘性的和粘性的通量。各项分别如下:0hCu+g(FhuyOu Cha0Fk=lhAolhugh42Www.Zlvo.Comadh2thPu cy Pogn+fuhpe gn opythiPo oy Po对方程(46)第i个单元积分,并运用 Gauss原理重写可得出「a(Fa)-JA(1-9)式中:A1为单元g2的面积;I;为单元的边界;ds为沿着边界的积分变量这里使用单太求积法来计算面积的积分,该求积点位于单元的质点,同时使用中点求积法水计算边界积分,方程(49)可以写为∑FnAT=S(1-10)式中:U和S分别为第个单元的U和S的平均值,并位于单元中心;NS是单元的边界数;^厂,为第j个单元的长度阶解法和二阶解法都可以用于空间离散求解。对于二维的情况,近似的Riemann解法可以用来计算单元界面的对流流动。使用Roc方法时,界面左边的和右边的相关变量需要估计取值。二阶方法中,空间准確度可以通过使用线性梯度重构的技术来获得。而平均梯度可以用由 jawahar和 Kamath于2000年提出的方法来估计,为了避免数值振荡,模型使用了二阶TVD格式。(2)时间积分考虑方程的一般形式aU=G(U)1-11)对于二维模拟,浅水方程的求解有两种方法:一种是低阶方法,另一种是高阶方法。低价方法即低阶显式的Euer方法Un1=Un+△G(Un)(1-12)式中:为时间步长。高阶的方法为以如下形式的使用了二阶的 Runge kuttaWww.Zlvo.Com方法n12=Un+△G(U,)Un+1=Un+△G(Un+12)(1-13)(3)边界条件1)闭合边界沿着闭合边界(陆地边界),所有垂直于边界流动的变量必须为0。对于动量方程,可以得知沿着陆地边界是完全平稳的。2)开边界开边界条件可以指定为流量过程或者是水位过程3)千湿边界处理动边界问题(T湿边界)的方法是基于赵棣华(1994)和 Sleigh(1998)的处理方式。当深度较小时,该问题可以被重新表述,通过将动量通量设置为零以及只考恳质量通量来实现。只有当深度足够小时,计算不考虑该网格屮元。每个单元的水深会被监测,并且单元会被定义为干、半干湿和湿。单元面也会被监测,以确定淹没边界。满足下面两个条件单元边界被定义为淹没边界:首先单元的一边水深必须小于hn,且另一边水深必须大于h;第二,水深小于hn的单元的静水深加上另一单元表面高程水位必须大于零。满足下亩两个条件单元会被定义为干单元:首先单元中的水深必须小于干水深hn;另外,该单元的三个边界中没有一个是淹没边界。被定义为干的单元在计算中会被忽略不计。单儿破定义为半干:如果单元水深介于h和hm之间,或是当水深小于hy但有一个边界是淹没边界。此时动量通量被设定为0,只有质量通量会被计算。单元会被定义为湿:如果单元水深大于ha。此时动量通量和质量通量都会在计算中被考虑。如果模型中的区域是处在τ湿边交替区,为了避免模型计算岀现不稳定性,使用者可以启用 Flood and Dry选项。在这个情形下使用者必须设定一个干水深Www.Zlvo.Com( drying depth),淹没深度( flooding water depth)和湿水深( wetting depth)者必须满足hn

nonlinear optics (Robert w.boyd,the third edition)

主要用于电力系统中的可靠性评估，采用RTS-79测试用于电力系统评估

本资源是三相PWM整流器的闭环仿真，电压环电流环双闭环，带有功率因数校正，完美运行。