FreeRTOS中文入门手册
FreeRTOS中文入门手册方便初学者入门学习，讲的很好，很值得学习第一章任务管理Designed For Micr。 contr。11exs;概览附录中提供了使用源代码的实用信息小型多任务嵌入式系统简介不同的多任务系统有不同的侧重点。以工作站和桌面电脑为例:·早期的处理器非常昂贵,所以那时的多仟务用于实现在单处理器上支持多用户。这类系统中的调度算法侧重于让每个用户公平共享处理器时间。随着处理器功能越来越强大,价格却更偏宜,所以每个用户都可以独占一个或多个处理器。这类系统的调度算法则设计为计用户可以同时运行多个应用程序,而计算机也不会显得反应迟钝。例如某个用户可能同时运行了一个字处理程序,一个电子表格,一个邮件客户端和一个浏览器,并且期望每个应用程序任何时候都能对输入有足够快的响应时间。桌面电脑的输入处珒可以归类为软实时。为了保证用户的最佳体验,计算机对每个输入的响应应当限定在一个恰当的时间范围——但是如果响应时间超出了限定范闱,并不会让人觉得这合电脑无法使用。比如说,键盘操作必须在键按下后的某个时间内作出明显的提示。但如果按键提示超出了这个时间,会使得这个系统看起来响应人慢,而不致于说这台电脑不能使用。仅仅从单处理器运行多线程这一点来说,实时嵌入式系统中的多任务与桌面电脑的多任务从概念上来讲是相似的。但实时嵌入式系统的侧重点却不同于桌面电脑特别是当嵌入式系统期望提供硬实时行为的时候。硬实时功能必须在给定的时间限制之内完成——如果无法做到即意味着整个系统的绝对失败。汽车的安全气囊触发机制就是一个硬实吋功能的例子。安全气囊在撞击发生后给定时间限制内必须弹出。如果响应时间超出了这个时间限制,会使得驾驶员受到伤害,而这原本是可以避免的大多数嵌入式系统不仅能满足硬实时要求,也能满足软实时要求。Designed For Micr。 contr。11exs;术语说明在屮,每个执行线程都被称为任务。在嵌入式社区屮,对此并没有个公允的术语,但我更喜欢用任务而不是线程,因为从以前的经验米看,线程具有更多的特定含义本章的目的是让读者充分了解:在应用程序中,如何为各仟务分配处理时间。●在任意给定时刻,如何选择任务投入运行。●任务优先级如何影响系统行为。●任务存在哪些状态。此外,还期望能够让读者解:●如何实现一个任务。●如何创建一个或多个任务的实例●如何使用任务参数。如何改变一个已创建任务的优先级●如何删除任务。●如何实现周期性处理。空闲任务何时运行,可以用来干什么本章所介绍的概念是理解如何使用的基础,也是理解基于的应用程序行为方式的基础——因此,本章也是这本书中最为详尽的一章Designed For Micr。 contr。11exs;任务函数任务是由语言数实现的。唯一特别的只是任务的函数原犁,其必须返回而且带有一个指针参数。其数原型参见程序清单。void ATaskFunction( void *pvParameters )程序清单任务函数原型每个任务都是在自己权限氾围内的一个小程序。其具有程序入口,通常会运行在一个死循环中,也不会退出。一个典型的任务结构如程序清单所示。仟务不允许以任何方式从实现函数中返回一一它们绝不能有条语句,也不能执行到函数末尾。如果一个任务不再需要,可以显式地将其删除。这也在程序清单展现个任务函数可以用来创建若干个任务—创建出的任务均是独立的执行实例,拥有属于自己的栈空间,以及属于自己的自动变量栈变量,即任务函数本身定义的变量v。 d ATaskFunction(v。1d* pArameters)/*可以像普通函数一样定义变量。用这个函数创延的每个任务实例都有一个属于自己的 vAria1b1 eExamp1e变量。但如果 varial1e3 xample被定义为 static,这一点则不成立-这种情况下只存在一个变量,所有的任务实例将会共享这个变量。int ivariableExample =0;/*仨务通常实现在一个死循环中。*/for(ii)/*完成任务功能的代码将放在这里。*//*如果任务的具体实现会跳出上面的死循环,则此任务必须在函数运行完之前朋除。传入NUL参数表示删除的是当前任务*vTaskDelete( NULL程序清单典型的任务函数结构Designed For Micr。 contr。11exs;顶层任务状态应用程序可以包含多个任务。如果运行应用程序的微控制器只有一个核那么在任意给定时间,实际上只会有一个仼务被执行。这就意味着一个任务可以有一个或两个状态,即运行状态和非运行状态。我们先考虑这种最简单的模型——但请牢记这其实是过于简单,我们硝后将会看到非运行状态实际上又可划分为若千个子状态。当某个任务处于运行态时,处理器就正在执行它的代码。当一个任务处于非运行态时,该任务进行休眠,它的所有状态都被妥善保存,以便在下一次调试器决定让它进入运行态时可以恢复执行。当任务恢复执行时,其将精确地从离开运行态时正准备执行的那一条指令开始执行。A tasks that areOnly one tasknot currentcan be in theRunning are in theRunning state atNot Running Stateany one timeNot RunningRunning图顶层任务状态及状态转移任务从非运行态转移到运行态被称为切换入或切入或交换入相反,任务从运行态转移到非运行态被称为切换出或切出或交换出的调度器是能让任务切入切出的唯一实体。Designed For Micr。 contr。11exs;创建任务函数创建仟务使用的函数这可能是所有数中最复杂的函数,但不幸的是这也是我们第一个遇到的函数。但我们必须首先掌控任务因为它们是多任务系统中最基本的组件。本书中的所有示例程序都会用到,所以会有人量的例子可以参考。附录:描述川到的数据类型和命名约定。portBASE TYPE xTaskCreate( paTASK CODE pvTaskCodeconst signed port CHAR conist pcNameunsigned portSHORT usstackDepthunsigned portEASE TYPE uxPriorityxTaskHandle *pxCreatedTask程序清单函数原型表参数与返回值参数名描述任务只是永不退出的函数,实现常通常是个死循环。参数只一个指向任务的实现函数的指针效果上仅仅是函数名具有描述性的任务名。这个参数不会被使用。其只是单纯地用于辅助调试。识别一个具有可读性的名字总是比通过句柄来识别容易得多。应用程序可以通讨定义常量来定义任务名的最大长度—一包括结朿符。如果传入的字符串长度超过了这个最大值,字符串将会自动被截断。Designed For Micr。 contr。11exs;当任务创建时,内核会分为每个任务分配属于任务自己的唯一状态。值用于告诉内核为它分配多人的栈空间。这个值指定的是栈空间可以保存多少个字,而不是多少个字节比如说,如果是位宽的栈空间,传入的值为则将会分配字节的栈空间。栈深度乘以栈宽度的绩果万不能超过~个类型变量所能表达的最人值。应川程序通过定义常量来决定空闲任条任用的栈空间大小。在为微控制器架构提供的应用程序中,赋予此常量的值是对所有任务的最小建议值如果你的任务会使用大量栈空间,那么你应当赋予一个更大的值。没有任何简单的方法可以决定一个任务到底需要多大的栈空间。计算出来虽然是可能的,但人多数用户会先简单地赋予一个自认为合理的值,然后利用提供的特性来确证分配的空间既不欠缺也不浪费。第六章包括了一些信息,可以知道如何去查询任务使用了多少栈空问。仟务函数接受一个指向的指钅的值即是传递到任务中的值。这篇文档中的一些范例程序将会示范这个参数可以如何使用指定任务执行的优先级。优先级的取值范围可以从最低优先级到最高优先级是一个由用户定义的常量。优生级号并没有上限除了受限于采用的数据类型和系统的有效内存空间,但最妊使用实际需要的最小数值以避免内在浪费。如果的值超过了,将会导致实际赋给任务的优先级被自动封顶到最大合法值。Designed For Micr。 contr。11exs;用于传出任务的句柄。这个句枢将在调川中对该创建出来的任务进行引用,比如改变任务优先级,或者删除仟务。如果应用程序中不会用到这个任务的包柄,则川以被设为返回值有两个可能的返回值:表明任务创建成功。由于内存堆空间不足,无法分配足够的空间来保存任务结构数据和任务栈,因此无法创建任务。第五章将提供更多有关内存管理方面的信息。例创建任务附录:包含一些关于示例程序生成工具的信息。本例演示了创建并启动两个任务的必要步骤。这两个任务只是周期性地打印输出守符串,采用原始的空循环方式来产生周期延迟。两者在创建时指定了相同的优先级,并且在实现上除输出的字符串外完全一样—程序清单4和程序清单5是这两个仟务对应的实现代码。Designed For Micr。 contr。11ers;
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wifi 802.11n 协议标准
wifi 802.11n 协议标准Contents2. Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 13. Definitions ...........................................................................................................EEE Std802.11n"-2009(Amendment to ieEE Std 802.11-2007as amended by ieee std 802. 11k-2008EEE Std80211r-2008, EE Std802.11y-2008,and IEEE Std 802. 11w-2009)EEE Standard forInformation technology-Telecommunications and informationexchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirementsPart 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY SpecificationsAmendment 5: Enhancements for HigherThroughputSponsorLANIMAN Standards committeeof theIEEE Computer SocietyApproved 11 September 2009IEEE-SA Standards boardAbstract: This amendment defines modifications to both the IEEE 802 1 1 physical layer(PHY)andthe IEEE 802 11 medium access control (MAC) sublayer so that modes of operation can be enabledthat are capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100 Mb/s, asmeasured at the Mac data service access point (SAP)Keywords: high throughput, MAC, medium access control, MIMO, MIMO-OFDM, multiple inputmultiple output, PHY, physical layer, radio, wireless local area network, WLANThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue New york NY 10016-5997 USACopyright@ 2009 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IncAll rights reserved. Published 30 October 2009. Printed in the United States of AmericaIEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers, IncorporatedPDFSBN978-0-7381-60467STD95961Print:|SBN9780-7381-6047-4STDPD95961No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisherIEEE Standards documents are developed within the ieee Societies and the standards Coordinating Committees ofthe IEee Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The ieee develops its standards through a consensusdevelopment process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteersrepresenting varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of theInstitute and serve without compensation. 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At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, anindividual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered thepersonal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation of the IeEeComments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate supporting comments. Recommendations to change the status of a stabilized standard should include atonale as to why a revision or withdrawal is required. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations shouldbe submitted to the following addressSecretary, IEEE-SA Standards board445 Hoes lanePiscataway, NJ 08854USAAuthorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by The Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance CenterTo arrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 RosewoodDrive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1978750 8400 PerImission lo photocopy portions of any individual standard foreducational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance CenterIntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEee Std 802. 11n-2009, IEEE Standard for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems--Local and metropolitan networks--Specifirequirements-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) SpecificationsAmendment 5: Enhancements for Higher ThroughputThis amendment specifies enhancements to IEEE 802. 11 physical layer(PHY)and medium access control(MAC) sublayer to provide modes of operation with useful data rates substantially higher than thosepreviously available. Significantly higher IEEE 802. 11 wireless local area network(WLAN) throughput isexpected to improve user experiences for current applications and to enable new applications and marketsegmentsNotice to usersLaws and requlationsUsers of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with theprovisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirementsImplementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatoryrequirements. iEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not incompliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so on that is not inCopyrightsThis document is copyrighted by the Ieee. 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All rights reservedPatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this amendment may require use of subjectmatter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to theexistence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. a patent holder or patent applicant hasfiled a statement of assurance that it will grant licenses under these rights without compensation or underreasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfairdiscrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Other Essential Patent Claims may exist forwhich a statement of assurance has not been received. The Ieee is not responsible for identifying EssentialPatent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scopeof Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or nondiscriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patentrights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further informationmay be obtained from the ieee Standards associationParticipantsWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, the IEEe 802. 11 Working Group had the followingofficersBruce P. Kraemer, ChairJon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair; Treasurer; and Chair, Task Group mbAdrian P. Stephens Vice chairStephen McCann, Secretary and Chair, Publicity standing Committee and Task group uTerry L. Cole, Technical Editor and Assigned Number AuthorityTeik-Kheong Tan, Chair, Wireless Next Generation Standing CommitteeDavid Bagby, Chair, Architecture Standing CommitteeBruce p. kraemer Co-Chair IMT-Advanced ad hoc commiteeLee armstrong, Chair, Task Group pDonald E Eastlake Ill, Chair;, Task Group sNeeraj Sharna, Chair, Task group lDorothy V. Stanley, Chair, Task Group v and IETF Ad hoc CommitteeJesse Walker, Chair. cTl Ad hoc committeePeter Ecclesine, Chair, Task group yMenzo Wentink, Chair, Task group zGancsh Venkatesan, Chair, Task Group aaEldad Perahia, Chair, Very High Throughput Study groupDarwin Enger, Co-Chair. IMT-Advanced ad hoc committeeWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, Task Group n had the following officersBruce P Kraemer. chairSILi. vice chairGarth Hillman and Jon Walter Rosdahl, SecretaryAdrian P. Stephens, Technical editorWhen this amendment was sent to sponsor ballot, the IEeE 802. 1l Working Group had the followingmembershiOsama S. aboulmagdMalik audchAmit bansalTomoko adachiCcrt A, awatoJohn. barrAlok aggarwalDavid bagbGal bassonCarlAldanaMichael bahrussa BavafaThomas AlexanderFan baiTuncer BaykasLee r. ArmstrongGabor BaikoJohn L. BenkoAlex ashleyDennis j. bakerMathilde benvenisteCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedBiorn A. berkeRobert Y huangChiu ngoDaniel borgesDavid hunterEero nikulaAnthony braskichYasuhiko inoueRichardH. noensJoseph brennanAkio isoHideaki odagiriDavid britzJunghoon JeeJisung OhG. BumillerHongseok JeonChandra s. olsonNancy Cam-WingetYeonkwon JeongYouko omorNecati CanpolatJorjeta G JetchevaSatoshi oyamaJavier cardonaLusheng jiRichard H. PaineDouglas s ChanDaniel JiangAuld. palaniveluClint F. ChaplinPadam AflChangmin ParkCarl W. KainJungsoo parkMinho CheongNaveen K KakanMinyoung ParkMasato katoⅤ ijaykumar PatelNakjungDouglas KanBcminih. peirisLiwen chuRichard H. KennedyEldad perahiaTerry L. ColeJohn KenneJames e. petranovichRyon K. ColemanStuart 3. KerryAl PetrickCharles IJoonsuk kinFahd pirzadaTodor CooklevKyeongpyo KimJames d. portaroXavier p CostaSeong S. kimHenry s. PtasinskiDavid E CypherYongsan KimRene purnadiMarc de courvilleJarkko kneckChang w. PyoRolf J de vegtMark m. kobayashiEmily H QiTheodorus denteneerFumihide KojimaLuke QianJeremy de vriesTom KolzeHuyu QuSusan DickeyBruccp KJim e raabZhiming DingJohannes P KruysⅤ nuth raiYoshiharu doThomas KuehnelAli RaissiniaJohn dorseyThomas m. KuriharaHarish ramamurthyRoger P durandStephen G raymentSrinivasa duvvuriEdwin kwonLeonid razoumovDonald e. eastlakeZhou lanIvan reePeter Ecclesiaejeremy A landtEdward reussMichael ellisJoseph P. lauerAlex reznikStephen P. EmeottTae H. LeeRandal roebuckMarc emmelmannWooyoung leeJon walter rosdahlDarwin EngwerJoseph levyRichard royJoseph epsteinSheung liAlexander safonovⅤ inko ercegPaul linKazuyuki sakodaLars p. falkIlang liuHemanth sampathRobert fanfcllMichael livshitzKatsuyoshi SatoStefan fechterPeter LocHirokazu sawadaPaul h. feinberDaniel lubarDon schultzMatthew FischerAnthony f. maidaYongho SeokWayne k. FisherJakub majkowskiHuairong shaoRoberta fracchiAlastair MalarkyNeeraj sharmaRyuhei FundaJouni K. malinenStephen J ShellhammerMatthew gastAlexander maltsevlan SherlockJames p gilbBill marshallKai shiJeffrey gilbertRoman m. maslennikovShusaku shimadaReinhard GlogerSudheer mattaFrancois simonDavid goodallStephen Mc cannHarkirat SinghTugrul guenerJustin p mcnewGraham K. SmithJianlin gven meseckeMatt smithMark hamiltonRobert r. millerYoo-Seung SongC.J. HanseMichael monteKapil seBrian d. hartRajendra T. moortiVinay SridharaAmer A haHitoshi moriokaDorothy stanleⅤ egard hasselPeter MurrayAdrian P. StephensRobert f heileAndrew milesDavid S Stephenson〔 undo r. HertzRohit nabarCarl R. StevensonJunling hiJohn stineWendong huKengo nagataGuenaelt strutCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedChin s SumGanesh VenkateHarry R. worstellEiji TakagiDalton t.Ⅴ ictorPengfei xiaMineo takaiGeorge A. vlantisAkira yamadaTcik-Khcong TanCssc r. walkerTakeshi yamamotoAllan thomsonunlWangmoya yamauraJerry thrasherngEric okuboCraig d. WarrenSu K. YongAlexander TolpinFujio WatanabeSeiji YoshioJason trachewskyPatrick WayeChristopher YoungSolomon b. traininMenzo m. wentinkArtur zaksRichard D. Van NeeFrank whettenHongyuan zhangAllert van zelstKyle williamsHuimin zhangMathieuⅤ arlet-AndmJames worshamJing zhiPrabodh varshneyJuan ZunigaContributions to this amendment was received from the following individualsBill ablⅵ inko ErcegPatrick labbeSantosh abrahamMustafa rozJoseph lauerTomoko adachiStefan fechterDongjun leeDmitry akhmetovPaul feinbergLin-Nan leeCarlos aldanaMatthew fischereeDave andrusGuido frederiksSok-kyu LeeMicha anholtTakashi FukagawaZhongding leiTsuguhide AokiPatrick FungJoseph levyYusuke asarEdoardo gallizioScott leyonhjelGeert awaterJames gardnerPen liDavid BaDevis gattSheung LiRaja banerjeaDavid HedbergYuan liKaberi banerieeGarth hillmanKevin liaoAmit bansalJin-Meng hoIsaac limGal bassonDale hocevarAlfred linAnui batraLouise hooAlbert liuJohn benkoMuhammad akramDer-Zheng liuMathilde benvenisteYasuhiko inoueMichael livshitzBjorn BjerkeKaz ishidaYufei BlakenshipTakashi ishidoshiroPeter LojkoDaniel borgesLakshmi lyerHui-Ling LouDouglas chanEric JacobsonAdina matacheJerry ChangYuh-Ren jauhLaurent mazetJohn ChangTaehyun JeonWilliam mcfarlandJeng-Hong ChenJari JokelaDarren mcnamaraStephen ChenVKJonesIrina medvedevYi-Ming ChenPadam AflArnaud meylanPei-ju ChiangNaveen KakaniMorgan mikFrancois chinSriniavs kandalaSeungwook minWoon Hau ChinAteet KapurPatrick mo上 mily chouAssaf KasherAndy molischLiwen chuMasato katoR. Tushar moortiKeith ChuggJohn KetchumMike moretonBrian ClassonJoonsuk KYuichi moriokaSean CoffeyPansop KimMarkus muckGabriella convertinoYoungsoo KimSyed Aon mujtabaMarc de courvilleGuenter KleindlAndrew mylesRolf de vegtKiyotaka KobayashiRohit nabarFranz dielacherCenk Koselhasa NagaiYoshiharu doiBruce p KraemerKengo NagataJohn deThomas KuehnelSeigo NakaodouglasTakushi KunihiroSanjiv nandaPeter ecclesiaeJoe KwakChiu nDarwin EngwerJoseph kwakAjit NimbalkerLeonid epsteinEdwin kwonGunnar NitscheCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reservedHuaning NiuErik SchylanderRichard van neeIvan oakesMichael sealsNico van waesYoshihiro ohtanilual-Rong ShaoAllert van zelstEric OjardSuman sharmaAndres vila casadoTakeshi onizawaSteve shellhammerGeorgeⅵ lantisJob oostveenIan SherlockTimothy WakeleyFabio osnatoMasaaki shidaJesse walkerKafle padamTakashi shonoBrad wallacePratima paiSebastien SimoensMark wallaceArul palaniveluMassimiliano sitiRod waltonSubra parameswaraDoug SmithQi WThomas pareMatt smithXiaowen WangJean-Noel PatillonAmjadDeric WatersWei-Chung PengRobert staceyMark WebsterEldad perahiaAdrian P. StephensMenzo WentinkJim petranovichRichard WeseKrishna madhavan pillaiVictor StolpmanMike WilhoyteMadhavan pillaiSumei sunTimothy WongAngelo PoloniXiantao sunJames WoodyattNeeraj poojaryShravan surineniHenry ptasinskiIlan sutskoverAriton XhafaAleksandar PurkovicEiji Takagio xiaLuke oianMasahiro takasTomoya YamauraAli RaissiniaSeiichiro TakahashiEric YangSthanunathan ramakrishnanDaisuke takedaWen-Chang YehHarish RamamurthyTeik-Kheong TanChristopher YoungSridhar rameshYasuhiro TanakaHeejung YuRaffaele rivaStephan ten brinkArtur ZaksJon walter rosdahlGanesan ThiagarajanEldad zeiraStephanie Rouquette-LeveilEric OkuboHongyuan zhaMike rudeTim TowellJin ZhangJohn sadowskiJason trachewskyNing ZhangAtul salhotraSolomon traininQuan ZhouVincenzo scarpaDavid tungJohnny ZweigDonald schultzStefano valleJim syrenThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this amendment. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstentionOsama aboulmagdBill cannonSouray duttaTomoko adachiJing CaoRichard eckardAlok AggarwalEdward CarlesCarl EklundThomas alexandeJames CarloStephen emeottRichard AlvinJuan CarreonMarc emmelmannEdward ChalfDarwin EngwcButch AntonDouglas s ChanJoseph epsteinDanilo antonelliKuor-Hsin ChangRobert fanfelleClint ChaplinShahin FarahaniDavid BagbyWei-Peng ChenShulan FengGabor BaikoYung-Mu ChenOddgeir FikstvedtMatthew ballHong ChengMatthew fischerRaja banerjeaAik ChindapoPrince francisVered BKeith ChowAvraham FreedmanJohn barrLiwen ChuDevon gaylePhilip beecherRyon ColemanMichael GeipelMathilde benvenisteCharles cookTheodore Georgantasharry bimsTodor CookiePieter -Paul giesbertsBjorn BjerkeHelge CowardJames gilbMonique brownJoseph decuirReinhard glogerRussell dietzMariana goldhamerWilliam byrdThomas dineenScrgiu gomaPctcr. calderonJohn dorseyDavid goodallCopyright C 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved
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