贝叶斯统计
优秀的贝叶斯统计学入门教材，简单明了，包含贝叶斯统计学的思想精华，值得一看高等院校统叶学写业规划教材贝叶斯统计峁诗松編著中团先计齿坂社京)新登字041号图书在版编目(CP数据贝叶斯统计/茆诗松编著一北京:中国统计出版衬,1999.9高等院校统计学规划教材ISN75037-29309.茆QI.贝叶斯统计-高等学校-教材IV.0212中国版本图惊CIP数据核字(1999第10216号作者虾诗松贲狂编辑/军责任校对:刘开颜封面设计:张建民出版发行中国统计版社通信地址/北京市二里河月坛街7号邮政编码09826办公地址/北点市丰台区哐三坏南路甲6号电话09)63459084、6326660(发行部印刷科伦克三莱印务(北京)有限公司经钠/新华书店斤本850×116mm132子数6千子印张{8.6印数/1-5)(册版别/上9910月第1版版次19作10月第1次印刷节号/SRN7-5037-2939.34定价15.6元中国统汁版图书,版权所有,侵权必究中国统计版图书,如有印装错误,本社发行部负责调换出版诜明“九五”期闾是我国社会主义市场经濟体制逐步完著和发展重要时期,一方面,随着髙等教育体制改革和统计改革的深入发展,对统计教育模式和统计人才培养目标都提出新的要求,另一方面科学技术的飞速发展也促使统计技术发生了重大交革,新理论、新方法畑新技穴不断涌现并被应用于统计实践活应这新形勢的需要,全国统计教树编审委员会制定了《1996-200年国统计教树建设规划》,根据《规划》的要求,编委会采取招标的方式组织全国有关院校的专家、学者编写了这批统计学专业“规教材”。这批教材力求以邓小理论为指早,在总结“八五”蝴间规捌统计教材建设经验的基础上,认真贯彻以下原则:①理论紧密联系实际的原则;巴解放思想、转变观念、大脰探索、努亦创新的原则;正确处理继承与发展关系的原则。通过不懈努力,把这批教材建设成为质量高,迺应性預、面向21世纪的新教材扫信通过这批教材的出版、发行;对推动我国统计教育改革和加快更新、改造我国统计教材体系、教村内容的岁伐将起到积极的促进作用,同时对我国统计教材建设也将起到較好的示范、导向作用。限于水平和经验这批教材的编宇、出版工作还会有缺点和不足处,诚恳欢迎教杖的使用单位、广大教师和同学们提出批评和建议全国統计教材編审委员会999年3月本书是按照全囯统计斆材编审委员会指定的《頃叶斯统计》編与大纲鳊写的,是供全倒商等学校玩计专业大学生知研究生学的教科与。贝叶斯统计在近50年中发展很快,内睿愈来食丰窨。这盟只选用其中最基不鄙分构成本书,相当一学期的肉容,本节力图疴学汀过传统的概率统计(颎率学派)课程的学生展示贝汁斯汽计的基本面貌,也使他们能了解员叶斯统计的基本思想,掌握叶疬统计的基本方法,为在实际中使用和研究贝叶斯统计打下了苠好的基础木书共六章,可分二部分。前三章国绕先验分布介绍贝叶所推断方法。后三章绕损失函数介绍贝叶斯决策方法。阅读这些内容仅需要攪率统计基本知识就部了。本书力剂利生劢衣趣的例于来说明贝"斯统计的基本想想和基本方法,尽量使读老对贝叶药统计产生兴趣,引发读者使用以叶斯方法去认识和解洪实际问题的望。进而云丰瘩和发展队叶蜥统计。假如学生的兴趣被钧出来,愿望被引出来,那么讲授这一门课的目的也基本达到贝叶斯统计是在与经典统计的争论中逐渐发展起来的。争论的闩题有:末知參数是酉可以看作随机变量?事件的慨率是否一定要有频率解释?概率是否可用经验兴确定?在这些河题的争论中贝叶斯学派建立起自已的理论与,在全球传播三有百年史的经與统计对统讦学的发展稗应屎起了巨大佐用,钽时乜暴露了一些问题。在小祥本问研究二、在区估计的解释}、在似然原理釣认识上等问题经典统计也受到只圬斯学派的评,在这出批评中贝叶斯学派也在不断完善叶斯计计决策论斯分析》一书在1980年和1985年熠继二畈问世把贝叶斯统计作了较完塾的叙述。在近20中只吐浙统计在实际中叉获得广泛的应用,I991年和I995年在美国连续岀版了二本《 Case studies in Bayesian Statistics》。使贝叶斯纨十在理论上刘实际上以及它们的结合上都得到了长足的发展。惧怕使用贝叶斯统计思想得到克服。如今贝汁斯统计也定进教室,打破经典统计独占教室的一统天下的局面,这不能不说是贝吽斯统计发展中的一些重要标志。贝叶斯统计已成为统计学中一个不可缺少的部分,相陀之下,贝叶斯统计在我国射应用与发展岢属起步阶長,但我厨有很好的发展叶斯统计的氛围。只要大家努力,如汁斯统计在我国一定能迅速发展,跟上世界主流。本书编写卣始至终得到国冢统计局教育中心的关心和帮助,有他们的督促,本书还会延期出版。上海财经大学张尧庭教授和中国人民大学的吴喜之教授耐心细致地审阅了全书,提出许多贵意见,笔者都认真考虑,并作修改.这使仝书增色不少。另外,何基报、硬娟、孙汊杰等阅读书稿,提出宇贵意见,还帮助打印会书,在此一并表丞感谢由于繃者水平有限,淮确表达只叶斯学派的各种观点并非易辜、错谬之处在所难凭,恳请国内同行和广大读若批评指正茆许松1999年1月30日2第·章先验分布与后验分布种信息总体信息样本信贝叶斯公式信息贝叶斯公式的密度函数形式共细女辱粉分在是三种信息的综合、共轭先验分布、后验分布的计算、共轭先验分布的优缺点四、常用的共轭先验分布超参数及其确定一、利用先验矩、利用完验分位数、利用验矩和先验分位数四、其它方法多参数模型充分统计量习题第二章贝叶斯推断条件方法佔计贝叶斯估计、贝叶斯估计的误差区间估计可信区间最大后验密度可信区间假设检验假设检验、贝叶斯因子三、简单假设对简单假设Q⊙四、复杂假设e对复杂假设回五、简单原假设对复杂的备择假设预测似然原理第三章先验分布的确定主观概率主观概率确定主观概率的方法利用先验信息确定先验分布、直方图法二、选定先验密度函数形式再估计其超参教三、定分度法与变分度法利用边缘分布确定先验密度、边缘分布二、混合分布、先验选择的四、先验选择的矩方法无信息先验分布贝叶斯假设一、位置参数的无信息先验尺度参数的无信息先验信息阵确定无信息先验多层先验多层先验、多层模型习题第四章泆策中的收益、损失与效用决策问趣的三妻素决策问题决策问题的三素决策准贝行动的容许性决策准则先验期望准则先验期望准则、两个性质损失函数从收益到损失、损大凶数损大凶数下的悲观准则四、损失凶数下的先验期望准则常用损失函数效用函数效用和效用函数效用的测定效用尺度四、常见的效用曲线五、用效用函数作决策的例子六、从效用到损失第五章贝叶斯决策贝叶斯决策问题后验风险准则验风殓决策函数后验风险准则常用损失数下的贝叶斯估计方损失函数下的贝叶斯估计二、线性损失函数下的贝叶斯估计限个行动问趣的假设检验抽样信息期望值完全信息期望值抽样信息期望值最佳样本量的确定抽样净益最佳样本量及其上界最佳样本量的求二行动线性决簧问题的正态分布下二行动线性决策问题的先验仄塔分布下二行动线性决策问题的先验、伽冯分布下二行动线性决策问题的先验习题第六章统计决策理论风险函数风险函数决策函数的最优性、统计决策中的点估计问题四、统计决策中的区间估计问题五、统计决策中的假没检验问题容许性、决策函数的容许性最小最大准则、最小最大准则最小最大估计的容许性贝叶斯风险贝叶斯风险贝叶期风险准则与后验风险准则的等价性贝叶期估计的性质俯录常用概率分布表附录标准正态分布函数Φ7表参考文献附录页录第一章先验分布与后验分布(1§1.]二种片息总体信息样本信2)、无验信息……公】.2贝叶斯公式………、贝叶斯公式的密度燃数形式(6)厅验分布是三种倍息的综合(8〕共轭先验分布…………〔13轭先验介布13、后验分布的计算甲血1■■日血血■D■三、共轭先验分布的优缺点、常用的共轲先验分布由■冒血…(19超郄数及其确定……利用光验矩、利用先验分位数三、利用先验矩和先验分位数…………阿、其它方法多参数模型1.6充分统计t……甲看省看甲『看■p甲P看■2031第二章贝叶斯推断2.1条件方法§2.2秸计36贝时斯估计
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索尼 imx274 datesheet
imx274 datesheet，可以对接Hi3519V101，4K，分享一下SONYIMX274LQC-CAbsolute Maximum RatingsItemSymbolRatingsUnitSupply voltage(Analog)1ADD0.3to+3.3VSupply voltage(Digital 1)-0.5to+2.0Supply voltage(Digital 2)DDD20.5to+3.3VInput voltage(Digital)0.3toV。Dp+0.3VOutput voltage(Digital)-0.3toVD2+0.3Guaranteed operating temperature TOPR-30to+75°CStorage guarantee temperatureTSTG30to+80CPerformance guarantee temperature TsPEC10to+60Recommended Operating ConditionsItemSymbolRatingSupply voltage(Analog)VADD2.8±0.1Supply voltage(Digital 1)1.2±0.1VSupply voltage(Digital 2)1.8±0.1Input voltage(Digital)-0.1 to Vopp2+0.11 VADD: VDDSUB, VoDHCM, VoDHPX, VDDHDA, VDDHCP (2.8V power supplyVDDD1: VDDLCN, VDDLSC1 to 2, VDDLPA, VDDLPL1, VoDLPL2 to 3. VDDLIF (1.2V power supply)VDDD2: VDDMIO, VDDMIF (1.8V power supply)SONYIMX274LQC-CUSE RESTRICTION NOTICEThis USE RESTRIC TION NOTICE (Notice )is for customers who are considering or currently using theimage sensor products("Products")set forth in this specifications book. Sony Corporation Sony")mayat any time, modify this Notice which will be available to you in the latest specifications book for theProducts. You should abide by the latest version of this Notice. If a Sony subsidiary or distributor has itsown use restriction notice on the Products, such a use restriction notice will additionally apply betweerou and the subsidiary or distributor. You should consult a sales representative of the subsidiary ordistributor of sony on such a use restriction notice when you consider using the ProductsUse restrictionsThe Products are intended for incorporation into such general electronic equipment as office productscommunication products, measurement products, and home electronics products in accordance withthe terms and conditions set forth in this specifications book and otherwise notified by sony from timeYou should not use the Products for critical applications which may pose a life-or injury-threateningrisk or are highly likely to cause significant property damage in the event of failure of the products. Youshould consult your sales representative beforehand when you consider using the products for suchcritical applications. In addition, you should not use the products in weapon or military equipmentSony disclaims and does not assume any liability and damages arising out of misuse improper usemodification, use of the Products for the above-mentioned critical applications, weapon and militaryequipment, or any deviation from the requirements set forth in this specifications booklesign for SafetySony is making continuous efforts to further improve the quality and reliability of the products howeverfailure of a certain percentage of the products is inevitable. Therefore, you should take sufficient careto ensure the sate design of your products such as component redundancy, anti-contlagration featuresand features to prevent mIs-operation in order to avoid accidents resulting in injury or death fire orother social damage as a result of such failureExport ControlIf the Products are controlled items under the export control laws or regulations of various countriesapproval may be required for the export of the products under the said laws or regulationsYou should be responsible for compliance with the said laws or regulationsNo License Impliedo The technical information shown in this specifications book is for your reference purposes only. theavailability of this specifications book shall not be construed as giving any indication that sony and itscensors will license any intellectual property rights in such information by any implication or otherwiseSony will not assume responsibility for any problems in connection with your use of such information orfor any infringement of third-party rights due to the same. It is therefore your sole legal and financialresponsibility to resolve any such problems and infringementGoverning lawThis notice shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Japan, without referenceto principles of conflict of laws or choice of laws. All controversies and disputes arising out of or relatingto this Notice shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Tokyo district Court in Japan as thecourt of first instanceOther Applicable Terms and ConditionsThe terms and conditions in the Sony additional specifications, which will be made available to you whenyou order the Products, shall also be applicable to your use of the Products as well as to thisspecifications book. You should review those terms and conditions when you consider purchasingand/or using the ProductsGeneral-0.0. 8SONYIMX274LQC-CContentsDescription---FeaturesDevice structureOptical Black Array and Readout Scan Direction---Absolute Maximum Ratings2233Recommended Operating Conditions---------------USE RESTRICTION NOTICEContentsOptical CePin Configuration------------------Pin description-------------------------458899hen using csl-2When using Sub-LVDS1210 Equivalent Circuit Diagram15Peripheral Circuit19System OutlineWhen using CSl-2When using Sub-LVDSElectrical Characteristics when using cs1-2--------------------------m---------------------------------21. DC Characteristics(CS1-2)a.8..4Current Consumption and Gain Variable Range(CSl-2Supply Voltage and l/O Voltage(CS1-2)2. AC Characteristics(CS1-222INCK, XCLR(CSl-2)22XHS, XVS(Output)(CSI-2)22IC Communication (CSI-2)23DMCKP/DMCKN, DMO(CSl-2Electrical Characteristics When Using Sub-LVDs-------------------m--------------------------1. DC Characteristics(Sub-LVDs)……Current Consumption and gain Variable Range sub-LVDS24Supply Voltage and l/o Voltage(Sub-LVDSLVDS Output DC Characteristics(Sub-LVDS2. AC Characteristics ( Sub-LVDS).........25INCK, XCLR, XVS(input), XHS (input)(Sub-LVDS25Serial Communication(Sub-LVDS)Sub-LVDS Output(Sub-LVDS)26Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics(CS1-2 and Sub-LVDS27Image Sensor Characteristics(CSl-2 and Sub-LVDS)-281. Zone Definition of Image Sensor Characteristics28mage Sensor Characteristics Measurement Method(CSl-2 and Sub-LVDS)1. Measurement conditions2. Color Coding of this Image Sensor and Readout..293. Definition of Standard Imaging Conditions29Setting Registers Using I"C Communication(When Using CSl-2Description of Setting Registers When Using I C communication31Pin Connection of Serial Communication Operation Specifications When Using I"C CommunicationRegister Communication Timing When Using I-C Communication12C Communication Protocol32Register Write and Read33Single Read from Random Location33Single read from current location; iidaiaii:;aaaa“Sequential Read Starting from Random LocationSequential Read Starting from Current Location34Single Write to Random Location35Sequential Write Starting from Random Location35Register Value Reflection Timing to Output Data(CSl-2)36SONYIMX274LQC-CSetting Registers Using Serial Communication (When Using Sub-LVDS)----------------37Setting Registers Using Serial Communication(Sub-LVDS).37Register Value Reflection Timing to Output Data( Sub-LVDS38Register Map…391. Description of Register2. Register Setting for Each Readout Drive Modeeadout Drive Modes( csl-2 and Sub-LVDS)---------------------551. Readout drive modes552. Relationship between Arithmetic Processing and the Number of Output bits in Each Readout Drive ModeImage Data Output Format When Using CSI-2--------------------------58Frame Format (CSI-2)58Frame Structure(CSl-258Embedded Data Line(CSl-2)59CSl-2 serial Output Setting(CSl-2)MIPI Transmitter(CSl-2)62Detailed Specification of Each Mode(CSl-2)---------------631. Horizontal/ Vertical Operation Period in Each Readout Drive Mode(CSl-22. Frame Rate Adjustment(CSl-23. Image Data Output Format CSl-265Vertical Arbitrary Cropping Function(CSl-2)-69Horizontal Arbitrary Cropping Function(CSl-272Electronic Shutter Timing When Using CSI-2------741. SHR, SVR, SMD Setting When Using CSl-2741-1. SHR, SVR Setting(CSl-2)741-2. Electronic Shutter Drive Mode(Csl-2)752. Integration Time in Each Readout Drive Mode and Mode Changes When Using CSl-2762-1. Integration Time in Each Readout Drive Mode(CSl-2762-2. Operation when Changing the Readout Drive Mode(CSl-2772-3. Low Power Consumption Drive in Integration Time When Using Roll ing Shutter Operation(CSl-2)78Image Data Output Format When Using Sub-LVDS--791. Sync Signals and Data Output Timing(Sub-LVDS)““792. Output Range of LVDS Output Data(Sub-LVDS)Detailed Specification of Each Mode(Sub-LVDS)删mHorizontal/Vertical Operation Period in Each Readout Drive Mode(sub-LVDs)..........2. Frame Rate Adjus咖ment(Sub-LVDS)……3. Image Data Output Format ( Sub-LVDS)Vertical Arbitrary Cropping(Sub-LVDS)Horizontal arbitrary cropping function(Sub-LVDS)----m94Electronic Shutter Timing When Using Sub-LVDS961. SHR, SVR Setting(Sub-LVDS)...962. SVR Operation (Sub-LVDS3. Electronic Shutter Drive Mode( Sub-LVDS)974. Integration Time in Each Readout Drive Mode and mode changes When Using Sub-LVDS984-1. Integration Time in Each Readout Drive Mode(Sub-LVDS984-2. Operation when Changing the Readout Drive Mode(Sub-LVDS994-3. Recommended Global Reset Shutter Operation Sequence(Sub-LVDS)1004-4. Interruptive Mode Change(Sub-LVDS4-5. Low Power Consumption Drive in Exposure Time (Sub-LVDS)…102Power-on/off Sequence when using CSI-2---1031. Power-on Sequence(CS2)……1032. Slew Rate Limitation of Power-on Sequence( CSI-21033. Power-off Sequence(CSl-2104Standby cancel sequence when using csl-2--------------------------105Power-on/off Sequence when using Sub-LVDS1161. Power-on Sequence(Sub-LVDS)1062. Slew Rate Limitation of Power-on Sequence(Sub-LVDS).........1063. Power-off Sequence(Sub-LVDS)107Standby Cancel Sequence(Sub-LVDs)------------108SONYIMX274LQC-CSpot Pixel specifications--109Spot Pixel Zone Definition109Notice on White Pixels SpecificationsMeasurement Method for Spot Pixels1111. Black or white pixels at high light1112. White pixels in the dark.3. Black pixels at signal saturated111Spot Pixel Pattern Specifications----------------m---------------------------------------------------112Stain Specifications---113Stain Zone definition113Stain Measurement method.113Relation between Image height and target Cra-----Marking---------mm---------------115Notes on Handling116Package outline ---118List of Trademark Logos and Definition Statements-------------119SONYIMX274LQC-COptical Center(Top View)Package outline10.70±0.1mmPKG lpinM1A1Optical centerM1010See page TBD Package Outl ine" for detailsOptical CenterPin ConfigurationBottom View)lpin index6666δ画δ尚画○●Bottom viewQ§③¤¤意○○○○○○○○10○o⑦A b CE F GMPin configurationSONYIMX274LQC-CPin DescriptionWhen using CS1-2Pin descriptionState inSymbolOADRemarks(CS|-2Standby modeLeave openA2TEST4ATest(No connectionA3VDDHDa Power a Analog power supply (2.8V)A4VDD SUB PowerAnalog power supply(2.8VA5VDDLSC1PowerD Digital power supply(1.2v)A6VssLSC1GNDDDigital GND(1.2V)A7VDDLPL3 Power D Digital power supply (1.2 V)A8VDDLIFowerDigital power supply(1.2v)Leave openB1TEST5ATest(No connectionB2ssHDA GND A Analog GND (2.8V)B3BIASRESResister connectionB4/BGRCapacitor connectionB5GNDD Digital GND (1B6XCLRReset pulse inputB7VssLPL3GNDDigital GND (1.2VB8 VsSLIF1 GND D Digital GND (1.2V)B9DMO4NDigital MiPl outputLow LevelData lane 4connectionB10DMO4P。DDigital MIPl outputLow LevelData lane 4connectionC1TESt3TestLeave open(No connectionC2XCECannect to 1.8 V power supplyLeave openC3TEST1D(No connectionC4TEST2estLeave open(No connectionC5VDDLPAPowerDDigital power supply(1.2v)C6 VDDLPL2 Power D Digital power supply (1.2V)C7 VssLPL2 GND D Digital GND(1.2V)c9DMO2NDigital MIPl outputLow LevelData lane 2connectionData lane 2C10DMO2PDigital MIPl outputLow LevelconnectionD1XHSDDDDHorizontal sync signal outputIf unused xHsleave openD2SDOlest outputLow Leve/ Leave openNo connectionVertical sync signal outpuf unusedⅩVSDleave openD9DMCKND Digital MIPl outputLow LevelClock laneconnectionD10DMCKPDigital MIPl outputLow levelClock LaneconnectionE1SCLDDDc communication clock inputC communication dataE2SDAOinput/outputSONYIMX274LQC-CPinPin descriptionSymbolADState inRemarksNoCS-2Stand by modeE3VSSLCBGNDDigital GND(1.2 V)E8VssLlF2GNDDigital GND(1.2 V)E9DMO1NE10DMO1POFVDDLSC2 PowerF2VssLSC3 PowerDDDDDDADData lane 1Digital MIPl outputLow LevelconnectionData lane 1Digital MIPI outputLow LevelconnectionDigital power supply (1.2 V)Digital power supply (1.2 v)F3VopHCMPowerAnalog power supply(2.8 V)F8INCKInput clockDMO3NDigital MIPl outputData lane 3Low LevelconnectionF10 DMO3PData lane 3Digital MIPI outputLow LevelconnectionG3VssHCPGNDAAnalog GND (2.8V)G8VssLSC2 GND D Digital GND(1.2V)G9VssMIF2 GNDD Digital GND (1.8VG10VoDMIFPowerDDigital power supply (1.8V)H1VDDLCN GND D Digital GND(1.2V)VsSLCNGNDDigital GND (1.2 VH3VopHCPPowerAnalog power supply(2.8VDLO2P( Pin for Sub-LVDS)Leave open(No connectionH9DLO2M000(Pin for Sub-LVDS)Leave open(No connectiH10DLOOP(Pin for Sub-LVDS)Leave open(No connection)VssHPX3 GND AAnalog GND(2.8 V)J3VoDHPXPowerDLO3PADDDAADDAnalog power supply(2.8 V)(Pin for Sub-LVDS)Leave open(No connectionDLO3MO00(Pin for Sub-LVDS)Leave open(No connection)J10DLOOMD(Pin for Sub-LVDS)eave open(No connection)K2VssLPL 1GNDDDigital GND(1.2V)K3 VDDLPL1 Power D Digital power supply(1.2V)K4VoDMIO Power D Digital power supply(1.8V)K5DLO1M(Pin for Sub-LVDS)Leave open(No connectionDLCKM0b「(Pin for Sub-LVDS)Leave open(No connection)Leave openK7DLCKPD(Pin for Sub-LVDS(No connectionLeave openK8DLO9PD(Pin for Sub-LVDS)(No connectionLeave openK9DLO9M(Pin for Sub-LVDS)(No connectionK10DLO5P(Pin for Sub-LVDS)Leave openNo connection
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