基于区域生长法的图像分割matlab程序

系统的介绍了包络分析在实际中的应用，介绍了matlab进行包络分析的方法，并附有源程序供科研人员学习这是一个分式规划问题。若令则()可化为等价的线性规划问题:线性规划()的解和称为的最佳权向量,它们是使的效率值达到最大值的权向量。注意:作为线性规划的解,和不是唯一的义()若线性规划()的解满足:,则称为弱有效的;()若线性规划()的解中存在解并且则称为有效的。为了便于检验的有效性,一般考虑()的对偶模型的等式形式(带有松弛变量目具有非阿基米德无穷小)∑∑其中是项输入的松弛变量是项输出的松弛变量;是个的组合系数;;是个很小的止数(般取)。定理设线性规划(的最优解为则()若为弱有效()的;()若且则为有效()的程序由上一节知,要计算一个的相对效率值并讨论其(弱)有效性,须解一个线性规划若要计算所有的相对效率值,则须解个线性规划,其计算量比较大,一般须利用计算机进行计算。我们利用数学软件编写了解模型()和(的程序,比较方便地解决了的计算量大和计算复杂的问题是由公司用语言编写的著名的工程数学应用软件。它自牛推向市场以来,历经十几年的发展和竞争,现已成为国际认可的最优化的科技应用软件。目前,口经成为世界上诸多科技领域的基本应用软件。在国内、外的很多高等院校和科研机构已经十分普及。熟练地运用已成为晑校师生及科研人员的基本技能强大的矩阵运算能力和方便、直观的编程功能是我们选择它作为编写应用程序的原因。诚然,或是解线性规划问题的专业软件,但它们缺乏方便的编程功能和矩阵输入功能,在解一系列线性规划时,它们不如方便。此外,它们的普及程度远不如因此,我们认为是编写应用程序的最佳软件之一。所解的线性规划的标准形式是板小化问题:其中,是变量,是目标函数的系数向量,是不等式约枣的系数矩阵,是等式约束的系数矩阵,和分别是变量的下界和上界解线性规划()的语句为如果要解极大化问题,只须解极小化问题卜面,我们给出模型和(的程序。程序模型的程序)用户输入多指标输入矩阵用户输入多指标输出矩阵解线性规划,得的最佳权向量求出的相对效率值输出最佳权向量输出相对效率值输出投入权向量输出产出权向量程序模型(的程序)用户输入多指标输入矩阵用户输入多指标输出矩阵定义非阿基米德无穷小解线性规划,得的最佳权向量输出最佳权向量输出输出输出输出以上两个程序十分便于使用。用户只须输入多指标输入矩阵和输出矩阵,目可得到所需的结果。程序的应用设有某大学的同类型的五个系在一学年内的投入和产出的数据如下投教职工(人)教职工工资(万元)入运转经费(万元)毕业的本科生:(人)毕业的研究生(人)出发表的论文(篇)完成的科研项目(项)其中,运转经费指一学年內维持该系正常运转的各和费用,如行政小公费、图书资料费、差旅费等等。由程序,得到各系的相对效率值:以及各项投入和产出的权向量中定义,和至少是弱有效的和是非弱有效的。为了确认和的有效性并分析和非有效的原因,须利用模型(。由程序,得本问题的解:由以上解可看出:和的解中且松弛变量故由定理知,这几个系是相对有效的。和的非有效性也可以在以上解中看得一清二楚。以为例,根据有效性的经济意义,在不减少各项输出的前提下,构造一个新的投入的投入按比例减少到原投入的)倍,)并且(由非零的松弛变量可知)还可以进一步减少教职工工资万元、减少运转费用万元、多培养本科生人多完成项科研项目。对的非有效性可作类似的经济解释。结束语本文利用数学软件编写了便于使用的的计算程序,使计算量大和计算复杂的问题得到较好的解决。本文只对的模型进行了讨论。对于的另一个重要模型一模型,只须在模型(。中增加约東条件∑A,程序作相应的修攻即可。本文的程序为的理论研究和实际应用提供了方便、快捷的计算工具。参考文献:魏权龄评价相对有效性的方法北京:中国人民大学出版社盛旧瀚等里论、方法与应用北京:科学出版社,许波,刘征工程数学应用北京:清华大学出版社,

本文档主要定义了汽车故障码，以及汽车故障码的定义。可以帮助大家很快的了解汽车诊断故障码soDs15031-63ContentsForewardIntroduction,…,…,Scope..…n-n-n-……n1Normative references…,2345Terms and definitionsGeneral specifications.…,,,…,,,Format structure5.1 Description256675.2 ISO/SAE controlled codes(core DTCs5.3 Manufacturer controlled codes(non-uniform DTCs)....5.4 Body system groupings85.4.1 B0XXX ISO/SAE controlled542B1 XXX manufacturer contro∥ep∴885. 4.3 B2XXX manufacturer controlled8544B3 XXX reserved by document.…..,,,…,…,…………………85.5Chassis system groupings.85.5.1 COXXX ISO/SAE controlled85.52c1XXXmanufacturercontroled..85.5.3 C2XXX manufacturer controlled8Powertrain system groupings -DTC numbers and descriptions are given in AnnexB. BM,....5.5. 4 C3XXX reserved by document85.65.6.1 POXXX ISO/SAE controlled85.6.2 P1XXX manufacturer control85.63P2XXX|SOSAEcontoed…85.6.4 P3XXX manufacturer controlled and iso/sae reserved5.7Network groupings- dtc numbers and descriptions are given in Annex c5.7.1 UOXXX ISO/SAE controlled5.7.2 U1XXX manufacturer controlled5.7.3 U2XXX manufacturer controlled5.7.4 3XXX reserved88888896Diagnostic trouble code descriptions.……Change requests,.,,,,,,,,,…,…,10Annex a (normative)Diagnostic trouble code naming guidelines11A1 DiscussionAnnex B(normative) Powertrain system diagnostic trouble code...14B. 1 PooXX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls.14B2P01 XX Fuel and air metering-….…17B.3P02XX Fuel and air metering20B.4P03 XX Ignition system or misfire……………,……,.,…………………………………23B5P04 XX Auxiliary emission controls.……,…,………,……,,……………,………………27B6P05 XX Vehicle speed, idle control, and auxiliary inputs,,,,,,…,…,…,…,…30o Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3B7 P06XX Computer and auxiliary outputs3B.8P07XX Transmission画画画画国面面国面面画画面B国画面画国36B 9P08 XX Transmission…………39B.10P09XXTransmissSion.42B11 P0AXX Hybrid Propulsion..l量amB12 POBXX Reservedn47B13 PoCXX Reserved by Document画B47B14 PODXX Reserved by Document………47B15 POEXX Reserved by documentB16P0 FXX Reserved by d。 cument…,,,,,…,,…47B 17 P10XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls....... ....47B 18 P11XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering....47B19P12 XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering……….…....….…..….…….…….47B20P13 XX Manufacturer controlled ignition system or misfire…………47B21 P14XX Manufacturer controlled auxiliary emission controls.................47B22 P15XX Manufacturer controlled vehicle speed, idle control,B23 P16XX Manufacturer controlled computer and auxiliary outputs......47B24 P17XX Manufacturer controlled transmission47B.25P18XXManufacturercontro|ledtransmission∴…47B26 P19XX Manufacturer controlled transmission47B27 P20XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls48B28 P21XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls..m..8…………51B 29 P22XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls54B 30 P23XX Ignition system or58B31 P24XX Auxiliary Emission Controls59B32 P25XX Auxiliary Inputs61B33P26 XX Computer& Auxiliary outputs.……63B, 34 P27XX Transmission66B,35 P28XX ISO/SAE reserved69B 36 P29XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls69B 37 P30XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls69B38 P31XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls........69B39P32 XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls……………a69B40 P33XX ignition system or misfire69B41 P34XX Cylinder Deactivation...n69B, 42 P35XX ISO/SAE reservedB.43P36XS0SAEeserved.73B.44P37XXSOSAEreserVved173B, 45 P38XX ISO/SAE reserved∴73B, 46 P39XX ISO/SAE reserved73Annex C(normative)Network communication groupings74C,1 U00XX Network electricala74C2 U01XX Network Communication77C,3 U02XX Network Communication80C, 4 U03X Network Software81C 5 U04XX Network Data83o ISo 2002- All rights reservedsoDs15031-6.3ForewardISo(the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(Isomember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISo technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with Iso, also take part in the work. Iso collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission(EC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardizationInternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the iSo/EC Directives, Part 3Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votingPublication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 of the member bodies casting a voteAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of iso 15031 may be the subject of patentrights. ISo shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rightsInternational Standard ISo 15031-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISo/C 22, Road vehiclesSubcommittee SC3, Electric and electronic eguipmentThis second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1.DIs) dated June 2000 of which has been technicallyrevisedISo 15031 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles-Communication between vehicleand external test equipment for emissions-related diagnosticsPart 1: Genera/ informationPart 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsPart 3: Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits: specification and usePart 4: EXternal test equipment- Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic servicesPart 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitionso Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3IntroductionIso 15031 consists of a number of parts which taken together provides a coherent self consistent set ofspecifications to facilitate emissions-related diagnostics. Parts 2 through 7 are based on SAE recommendedracticesThis part is based on SAE J2012: MAR99(Recommended Practice for Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions)ISo 15031-1 General information, provides an introduction to the standardMost automobile manufacturers are equipping at least a portion of their product line with some on-board diagnostic(OBD) capability. These systems provide an indication as to the general location of the diagnosed malfunction. Thisinformation is provided through an alphanumeric codeo ISo 2002- All rights reservedDRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDlso/D|s150316.3Road vehicles -Communication between vehicle and externaltest equipment for emissions-related diagnostics- Part 6Diagnostic trouble code definitions1 ScopeThis part of iso 15031 provides some recommended uniformity for alphanumeric trouble codes. It further providesguidance for uniform messages associated with these codesIt specifies several sections addressing format, structure, messages, and a few examples, and is applicable toelectricallelectronic systems diagnostics of motor vehiclesAnnex A specifies the diagnostic trouble code naming guidelines for signals from componentsAnnex B specifies the actual code assignments and description for Powertrain system diagnostic trouble codesAnnex C specifies the actual code assignments and description for network communicationAdditional annexes for body systems and chassis systems are under preparation2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of iso 15031. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsdo not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of iso 15031 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of iso and IEC maintainregisters of currently valid International StandardsSo15031-2Road vehicles -Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissionsrelated diagnostics- Part 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsSO15031-5Road vehicles- Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissionsrelated diagnostics- Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic serviceso Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.33 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this part of Iso 15031, the following definitions apply. terms and definitions of iso 15031 -1 maybe used to hold definitions of terms used within more than one part of iso 15031. It is not intended to be used forterms and definitions of vehicle component terminology: these may appear in ISo 15031-23.1circuit/openfixed value or no response from the system where specific high or low detection is not feasible or can be used inconjunction with circuit low and high codes where all three circuit conditions can be detectedNOTEThe term"malfunction"has, in most cases, been deleted from the dtC description3.2range/performancecircuit is in the normal operating range, but not correct for current operating conditions, it may be used to indicatestuck or skewed values indicating poor performance of a circuit, component, or system3.3low inputcircuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or pin that is belowthe normal operating range3.4high inputcircuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or pin that is abovethe normal operating range3.5bankspecific group of cylinders sharing a common control sensor, bank 1 always contains cylinder number 1, bank 2 isthe opposite bankNOTE If there is only one bank, use bank #1 DTCs and the word bank may be omitted. With a single"bank"system usingmultiple sensors, use bank #13.6sensor locationlocation of a sensor in relation the engine air flow, starting from the fresh air intake through to the vehicle tailpipe orfuel flow from the fuel tank to the engine in order numbering 1, 2, 3 and so onNOTEsee figures 1-42o ISo 2002- All rights reservedso/Ds15031-63B1 S3B1 S1B1S2(wide range)(heated)CatalystCatalystTail PipeCyl.1 Cylinder Bank 1V6/8/V12 CylinderEngingCylinder Bank 2Exhaust Bank 2analystCatalystTail PipeB2 S12S2(Bank 2- Sensor 1) Bank 2-Sensor 2B2 S3(Bank 2-Sensor 3)Figure 1-V6/v8/12 Cylinder Engine with 2 exhaust banks and 4 Catalysts example1s1(Bank 1- Sensor 1)(Banκ1- Sensor2)CaiystExhaust bankB1 S3yC ylinder bank 1(heatedV6/V8/V12 CylinderCatalystTail PipeEngineC ylinder bank 2Exhaust Bank 2B2 S2(Bank 2- sensor 2)32S1heated(Bank2· sensor1)Figure 2-V6/8/V12 Cylinder Engine with 2 exhaust banks and 3 Catalysts exampleo Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3B1 S3B1 S1B1 S2(Bank 1-Sensor 1)(Bank 1-Sensor 2)(Bank 1-Sensor 3(heated(wide range)(heated)兰∞Sx山CatalystCatalystTail PipeFigure 3-L4/L5/L6 Cylinder Engine with 1 exhaust bank and 2 Catalysts exampleB1 S1B1 S2(Bank 1- Sensor 1)(Bank 1-Sensor 2(wide range)(heated)=2CatalystTail Pipe834Figure 4-L4/L5/L6 Cylinder Engine with 1 exhaust bank and 1 Catalyst example3.7eft/right and front/rearcomponent identified by its position as if it can be viewed from the drivers seating position3.8ABwhere components are indicated by a letter (i.e., A,B, C, etc. this would be manufacturer defined, starting withcomponent A3.9intermittent/erraticthe signal is temporarily discontinuous, the duration of the fault is not sufficient to be considered an open or shortor the rate of change is excessiveo ISo 2002- All rights reserved

灰度AGV路径识别matlab程序，对搞车辆导航的人有帮助

虹膜内外边界的定位 生物特征识别是一种根据人体自身所固有的生理特征和行为特征来识别身份的

pca+lda+粗糙集+模糊神经网络saveORLimage.m将ORL人脸库分为测试集ptest和训练集pstudy存为imagedata.mat1.savelda.m将人脸库先进行pca降维，再用lda进行特征提取，得到新的测试集ldatest和训练集ldastudy存为imageldadata.mat2.对ldastudy进行离散化(discretimage.m)，得到离散化矩阵disdata,存入到imagedisdata.mat3.将disdata组成决策表(savers.m)，通过对disdata的条件属性进行约简，得到其一个约简，组成新的测试集rstest和训练集rss

无线通信系统仿真--C++实用模型书籍,包含所有源代码,书籍清晰

Android网络开发回顾之旅 在Android手机集成使用MQTT协议 ，实现搞掂移动控制硬件端。http://blog.csdn.net/xh870189248/article/details/78925541

一种基于mpi的FFT（快速傅里叶变换）实现 数字信号处理 DSP 离散信号分析

在每一个仿真步长(1秒)内，每个用户发送一个信息码元，10个用户则对应发送10个用户信息码元，然后用10个P=31的m序列分别对这10个用户的信息码元进行扩频(相乘)处理，然后合路相加并加入高斯白噪声。在接收端用和发送端相同的10个m序列分别对信息码元进行解扩(相乘)处理，最后进行积分，判决，完成了对这10个用户的信息码元的恢复，即对于这10个用户中的每一个用户，一个仿真步长(1秒)内完成了一个信息码元的恢复，若要发送5000个码元，仿真时间设置为5000秒即可，这是传统单用户检测的情况。对于线性解相关多用户检测和最小均方误差多用户检测，只需在传统单用户检测输出的基础上乘以相应算法的线性算子即

VVVF控制方法 电机控制，详细讲解了VVVF的推导和电流环的控制◆若忽略定子漏阻抗的影响,则有,U1=4.44f Wkwl若想保持平不变,则应有U1/f1=常数(32)这就是F协调控制的原理,在VVF变频器广泛采用控制方法特点:1这是由静态模型得到的,因此它不强调动态性能;2这是在忽略定子漏阻抗的影响得到的,在频率比较低时,这种忽略会带来偏小,电机力矩不够,一般要进行补偿3.一般的ⅴ/控制如图3.1所示。额定频率以下采用恒力矩调速,额定频率以上采用恒功率调速。V/F曲线不同的负载应采用不同的V/F控制曲线odin. com图3.1V/F控制曲线3.2PWM遊变器的模型VVVF变频器一般采用电压源型逆变器(VSI),并采用PWM控制方法,图3.2是PWM逆变器和异步电机的等效框图。+U图3.2PWM逆变器模型开关函数在逆变器中定义开关函数SU、Sv、Sw为:T通T4截止时Su=1,反之Su=0;T3通T截止时Sv=1,反之Sv=0T2通T截止时Sw=1,反之Sw=0相电压在定义了开关信号之后,很容易得到△DM=m2n=o+△OM=1n+rm+6n+△Oh1u Svo t VON11v+LR,+vσdtWNLwo V-Iiw+e+ vON由于逆变器三相输出无中线,n+14+1=0将以上三式相加,得ON=(SU+sy+sw)uee当三相逆变器的反电势之和err t er t eW0即三相反电势平衡时,AO1A=3(2n+24+2)nq于是可得到逆变器电机模型为「din1(Su +Sy +sw)Rd iUUR(S + sU+sw)Wd iLWRWW(S+S、+Sw)WWdC0L dt(33)3.3规则采样的SPWM方法331规则采样SPWM的生成自然采样法和规则采样法是生成SPWM的两种主要方法自然采样法适合用模拟电路完成。而规则采样法适合用微计算机数字实现。在当今数字化时代,规则采样被广泛采用