经典em算法代码（不基于贝叶斯网络工具箱）

针对基本粒子群优化(basic particle swarm optimization,简称bPSO)算法容易陷入局部极值、进化后期的收敛速度慢和精度低等缺点,采用简化粒子群优化方程和添加极值扰动算子两种策略加以改进,提出了简化粒子群优化(simple particle swarm optimization,简称sPSO)算法、带极值扰动粒子群优化(extremum disturbedparticle swarm optimization,简称tPSO)算法和基于二者的带极值扰动的简化粒子群优化(extremum disturbed andsimple particle swarm o

双目标定程序，用于双目标定。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

Rohde&Schwarz 频谱仪操作手册（英文） 1145.5850系列全英文，详细的操作方式，各类使用技巧R&S FSHContentsContentsSpecificationsSafety InstructionsCertificate of qualitEC-Certificate of conformitySupport Center AddressList of R&S RepresentativesPutting into OperationFront view1.1Putting into Operation1.2Unpacking the Instrument1.2Setting up the InstrumentSwitching on the Spectrum Analyzer1.4Spectrum Analyzer Connectors1.5Screen SettingsQCountry-Specific Settings1.10Setting the Date and TimeSetting the date.1.11Setting the time1.1Charging the Battery......1.12Selecting the Instrument Default Setup1.13External Reference /External Trigger Switchover1.14Controlling the rF Attenuator1.15Using a Preamplifier…1.15PIN Entr1.17Connecting Printers.1.19Setting the Baud rate for Remote Control1.21Enabling Options1.21Checking the Installed options1.221145.5973.12E-15ContentsR&S FSH2 Getting Started2.Measurements on cw signals2.1Level measurement2Setting the Reference Level量‘面2.2Frequency Measurements2.3Harmonic Measurements of a sinewave Signal面面2.4Power Measurements Using the Power Sensor2.5Power and return loss measurements with the r&s FsH-z14 or the r&s FSH-Z444427Two-Port Transmission measurements2.9Measurement of return loss2.11Performing Distance-To-Fault Measurements...2.14Operation in Receiver Mode2.20Measuring the carrier-to-Noise power ratio2.Determining the Reference2.26Sts…2.26Selecting the reference channel2.27Entering the channel bandwidth of the reference channel2.27Selecting the unit for the reference...2.27Manually entering the reference2.27Automatic level adjustment2.27Measuring the Noise Power and Calculating Carrier Power /Noise Power.........2.28Selecting the result display2.28Frequency setting of the noise channel..2.28Setting the noise channel measurement bandwidth2.29Setting the C/N channel bandwidth2.29Automatic level adjustment2.29Correcting the displayed average noise level2.30Hiding the result display2.30Saving and Recalling Settings and Test Results2.31Saving Measurement Results2.31Saving Calibration Data2.32Recalling measurement results2.33Printing Out Measurement Results……2.341145.5973.122E-15R&S FSHContents3 Operation3.Screen LayoutScreen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers3.1Screen layout when the marker mode is selected3.2Entering Measurement ParametersEntering values and texts3.3Entering units3.4Menu overview.3.5Frequency entryFrequency span...Level setting…3.5Bandwidth settingTrace setting3.6Measurement functions3.7Marke3.10Save and print menu3.12Instrument setup3.12Status display3.12Menus in the Receiver Mode(option R&S FSH-K3)3.13Menu for 3GPP BTS Code domain Power Measurement (Option R&S FSH-K4)3.16Menu for Vector Voltmeter(Option R&S FSH-K2)3.161145.5973.12E-15ContentsR&S FSH4 Instrument functions4Instrument Default Setup4.1Status Display..................4.1Setting the Frequency4.2Entering the center frequency..4.2Setting a frequency offset4.2Entering the center-frequency step size4.3Entering the start and stop frequency4.4Working with channel tablesSetting the Span1面4.6Setting the Amplitude Parameters4.7Setting the reference levelEntering the display range94.9Entering the display unit4.9Entering the reference offset4.10Entering the input impedance.…………4.10Setting the Bandwidths4.11Resolution bandwidth4.11Video bandwidth4.13Setting the Sweep4.14Sweep time.4.15Sweep mode.4.15Trigger4.16Trace Settings4.19Trace mode∴4.19Detector4.20Trace memory…4.22Trace mathematics4.23Using the Markers4.24Automatic marker positioning .......4.25Using more than one marker at a time(multimarker mode).........,4.27Marker functions4.30Measuring the noise power density4.30Measuring the frequency4.31Measuring the filter bandwidth or the signal bandwidth4.32aF demodulation4.331145.5973.12E-15R&S FSHContentsUsing the dis play line…….….….….….….….….….…..….….……….…..34Setting and Using the Measurement Functions4.35Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals………………4.35Selecting the standard4.36Setting the reference level4.38Setting the channel bandwidth4.38Changing the spaPower displaPower measurements on TDMA signals4.42Selecting a standard∴4.42Setting the measurement time4.44Optimizing the reference level ..4.44Power readout4.45Setting the trigger4.45Measuring the occupied bandwidth4.46Selecting a standard4.47Setting the reference level4.48Setting the channel bandwidth4.49Entering the power percent to determine the occupied bandwidth4.50Displaying thupied bandwidth4.50Changing the spai1145.5973.12E-15ContentsR&S FSHMeasuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio.......4.52Determining the reference4.53Setting the reference channel4.53Setting the reference channel bandwidth……4.53Setting the analyzer reference level for the reference channel measurement4.54Manual reference mode4.54Inserting the c/N referenceUnits of the c/n reference4.55StandardsUSER Standard4.56User-specific standards4.56Predefined user-specific standards4.59Predefined user-specific standard Digital TX4.59Predefined user-specific standard ANalog tv mode4.60Predefined user-specific standard ctx4.60Measuring the noise channel power and calculating the carrier power/noise power.4.62Frequency setting of the noise channel………4.63Setting the noise channel bandwidth4.64Setting the C/N ratio channel bandwidth4.64Setting the reference level during noise channel measurement.4.65Selecting the c/ N result display..…,…4.65C/N measurement result display4.66Changing the span4.66Correction of inherent noise power4.67Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode4.68Setting the frequencySetting the reference level,,,。.。4.71Setting the bandwidth4.72Setting the detector4.73Setting the measurement time4.73Measurement on multiple frequencies or channels(scan)4.74Measurements using the power sensor4.76Connecting the power sensor……4.76Zeroing the power sensor.4.78Selecting the unit for the power readout4.79Setting the averaging time.……4.80Taking additional loss or gain into account4.81Measuring forward and reflected power∴4.82Zeroing the power sensor4.84Setting the power measurement weighting4.85Selecting the unit for the power readout4.86Taking additional attenuation into account4.881145.5973.126E-15R&S FSHContentsTwo-port measurements with the tracking generator489Measuring the transmission of two-ports4.91Vector transmission measurement494Measuring the transmission magnitude........4.96Measuring the transmission phase4.96Measuring the electrical length when measuring transmission面B国4.99Measuring the group delay when measuring transmission4.100Transmission measurement using the connected VSWR Bridge R&S FSH-Z3.. 4.102Sppectrum measurements with the VsWR Bridge R&s FSH-Z3 or R&S FSH-Z2connectedSetting for detecting the R&S FSH-Z3 in the transm. and spectr. measurement .. 4.104Supplying DC voltage to active DUTs4.105Reflection measurements4.105Scalar measurement of reflection4.106Vector measurement of reflection4.108Measuring the reflection magnitude4.111Measuring the reflection phase.……4.111Measuring the electrical length when measuring reflection4.112Displaying the reflection in the Smith chart4.113Measuring the group delay when measuring reflection4.118Selecting the calibration standards4.120Spectrum measurements with the vswr Bridge r&s FSH-Z3 or R&S FSH-z2connected4.121Settings for detection of the R&SFSH-z2andR&SFSH-Z3………4.122One-Port measurement of cable loss4.123Vector voltmeter.4.124Reflection measurements(S11)4.125Measuring transmission coefficients(S21)4.128Cable measurements4.134Cable selection∴4.135Selecting the frequency range…4.138Calibrating the test setupa.::::::.“14.139Locating cable faults by means of the marker function4.142Measuring spectrum and reflection4.145Further information∴4.146Setting the span4.146Selecting the center frequency.........∴4.147Measurement4.148Length measurement accuracy4.148Using limit Lines∴4.149Measurements with limit lines国面面4.151Definition range of limit lines4.152Data sets containing limit lines...4.1521145.5973.127ContentsR&S FSHMeasuring with Transducer Factors.4.153Unit for measurements with transducers4.156Reference level settings for measurements with transducers4.156Frequency range of transducer………4.156Data sets containing transducer factors4.156Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna∴4.157Connecting the antenna to the R&S FSH4.157Measurement of the resultant field strength in a transm. channel with large bandwidth .......4.159Code Domain Power Measurement on 3GPP FDD Signals.4.166Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results4.173Saving results4.174Entering a data set name4.175Loading measurement results.4.175Deleting saved data sets4.176Deleting all data sets4.177Printing out Measurement Results4.178Measurements4.179How a spectrum analyzer operates…4.1791145.5973.12E-15

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