OpenMP中文版教程

基于MATLAB编程平台，利用svd算法进行水印嵌套的实现，代码均有注释

CPLD开发板程序,VHDL语言,包括计数器例程；Moore状态机例程；可控加减计数器例程；拨码开关及显示例程；按键脉冲例程；消抖按键例程；交通灯控制例程；汉字滚动例程；控制例程；正弦波发生器;温度显示例程等。供初学者学习，学会后可自己制作开发板。

Rohde&Schwarz 频谱仪操作手册（英文） 1145.5850系列全英文，详细的操作方式，各类使用技巧R&S FSHContentsContentsSpecificationsSafety InstructionsCertificate of qualitEC-Certificate of conformitySupport Center AddressList of R&S RepresentativesPutting into OperationFront view1.1Putting into Operation1.2Unpacking the Instrument1.2Setting up the InstrumentSwitching on the Spectrum Analyzer1.4Spectrum Analyzer Connectors1.5Screen SettingsQCountry-Specific Settings1.10Setting the Date and TimeSetting the date.1.11Setting the time1.1Charging the Battery......1.12Selecting the Instrument Default Setup1.13External Reference /External Trigger Switchover1.14Controlling the rF Attenuator1.15Using a Preamplifier…1.15PIN Entr1.17Connecting Printers.1.19Setting the Baud rate for Remote Control1.21Enabling Options1.21Checking the Installed options1.221145.5973.12E-15ContentsR&S FSH2 Getting Started2.Measurements on cw signals2.1Level measurement2Setting the Reference Level量‘面2.2Frequency Measurements2.3Harmonic Measurements of a sinewave Signal面面2.4Power Measurements Using the Power Sensor2.5Power and return loss measurements with the r&s FsH-z14 or the r&s FSH-Z444427Two-Port Transmission measurements2.9Measurement of return loss2.11Performing Distance-To-Fault Measurements...2.14Operation in Receiver Mode2.20Measuring the carrier-to-Noise power ratio2.Determining the Reference2.26Sts…2.26Selecting the reference channel2.27Entering the channel bandwidth of the reference channel2.27Selecting the unit for the reference...2.27Manually entering the reference2.27Automatic level adjustment2.27Measuring the Noise Power and Calculating Carrier Power /Noise Power.........2.28Selecting the result display2.28Frequency setting of the noise channel..2.28Setting the noise channel measurement bandwidth2.29Setting the C/N channel bandwidth2.29Automatic level adjustment2.29Correcting the displayed average noise level2.30Hiding the result display2.30Saving and Recalling Settings and Test Results2.31Saving Measurement Results2.31Saving Calibration Data2.32Recalling measurement results2.33Printing Out Measurement Results……2.341145.5973.122E-15R&S FSHContents3 Operation3.Screen LayoutScreen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers3.1Screen layout when the marker mode is selected3.2Entering Measurement ParametersEntering values and texts3.3Entering units3.4Menu overview.3.5Frequency entryFrequency span...Level setting…3.5Bandwidth settingTrace setting3.6Measurement functions3.7Marke3.10Save and print menu3.12Instrument setup3.12Status display3.12Menus in the Receiver Mode(option R&S FSH-K3)3.13Menu for 3GPP BTS Code domain Power Measurement (Option R&S FSH-K4)3.16Menu for Vector Voltmeter(Option R&S FSH-K2)3.161145.5973.12E-15ContentsR&S FSH4 Instrument functions4Instrument Default Setup4.1Status Display..................4.1Setting the Frequency4.2Entering the center frequency..4.2Setting a frequency offset4.2Entering the center-frequency step size4.3Entering the start and stop frequency4.4Working with channel tablesSetting the Span1面4.6Setting the Amplitude Parameters4.7Setting the reference levelEntering the display range94.9Entering the display unit4.9Entering the reference offset4.10Entering the input impedance.…………4.10Setting the Bandwidths4.11Resolution bandwidth4.11Video bandwidth4.13Setting the Sweep4.14Sweep time.4.15Sweep mode.4.15Trigger4.16Trace Settings4.19Trace mode∴4.19Detector4.20Trace memory…4.22Trace mathematics4.23Using the Markers4.24Automatic marker positioning .......4.25Using more than one marker at a time(multimarker mode).........,4.27Marker functions4.30Measuring the noise power density4.30Measuring the frequency4.31Measuring the filter bandwidth or the signal bandwidth4.32aF demodulation4.331145.5973.12E-15R&S FSHContentsUsing the dis play line…….….….….….….….….….…..….….……….…..34Setting and Using the Measurement Functions4.35Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals………………4.35Selecting the standard4.36Setting the reference level4.38Setting the channel bandwidth4.38Changing the spaPower displaPower measurements on TDMA signals4.42Selecting a standard∴4.42Setting the measurement time4.44Optimizing the reference level ..4.44Power readout4.45Setting the trigger4.45Measuring the occupied bandwidth4.46Selecting a standard4.47Setting the reference level4.48Setting the channel bandwidth4.49Entering the power percent to determine the occupied bandwidth4.50Displaying thupied bandwidth4.50Changing the spai1145.5973.12E-15ContentsR&S FSHMeasuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio.......4.52Determining the reference4.53Setting the reference channel4.53Setting the reference channel bandwidth……4.53Setting the analyzer reference level for the reference channel measurement4.54Manual reference mode4.54Inserting the c/N referenceUnits of the c/n reference4.55StandardsUSER Standard4.56User-specific standards4.56Predefined user-specific standards4.59Predefined user-specific standard Digital TX4.59Predefined user-specific standard ANalog tv mode4.60Predefined user-specific standard ctx4.60Measuring the noise channel power and calculating the carrier power/noise power.4.62Frequency setting of the noise channel………4.63Setting the noise channel bandwidth4.64Setting the C/N ratio channel bandwidth4.64Setting the reference level during noise channel measurement.4.65Selecting the c/ N result display..…,…4.65C/N measurement result display4.66Changing the span4.66Correction of inherent noise power4.67Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode4.68Setting the frequencySetting the reference level,,,。.。4.71Setting the bandwidth4.72Setting the detector4.73Setting the measurement time4.73Measurement on multiple frequencies or channels(scan)4.74Measurements using the power sensor4.76Connecting the power sensor……4.76Zeroing the power sensor.4.78Selecting the unit for the power readout4.79Setting the averaging time.……4.80Taking additional loss or gain into account4.81Measuring forward and reflected power∴4.82Zeroing the power sensor4.84Setting the power measurement weighting4.85Selecting the unit for the power readout4.86Taking additional attenuation into account4.881145.5973.126E-15R&S FSHContentsTwo-port measurements with the tracking generator489Measuring the transmission of two-ports4.91Vector transmission measurement494Measuring the transmission magnitude........4.96Measuring the transmission phase4.96Measuring the electrical length when measuring transmission面B国4.99Measuring the group delay when measuring transmission4.100Transmission measurement using the connected VSWR Bridge R&S FSH-Z3.. 4.102Sppectrum measurements with the VsWR Bridge R&s FSH-Z3 or R&S FSH-Z2connectedSetting for detecting the R&S FSH-Z3 in the transm. and spectr. measurement .. 4.104Supplying DC voltage to active DUTs4.105Reflection measurements4.105Scalar measurement of reflection4.106Vector measurement of reflection4.108Measuring the reflection magnitude4.111Measuring the reflection phase.……4.111Measuring the electrical length when measuring reflection4.112Displaying the reflection in the Smith chart4.113Measuring the group delay when measuring reflection4.118Selecting the calibration standards4.120Spectrum measurements with the vswr Bridge r&s FSH-Z3 or R&S FSH-z2connected4.121Settings for detection of the R&SFSH-z2andR&SFSH-Z3………4.122One-Port measurement of cable loss4.123Vector voltmeter.4.124Reflection measurements(S11)4.125Measuring transmission coefficients(S21)4.128Cable measurements4.134Cable selection∴4.135Selecting the frequency range…4.138Calibrating the test setupa.::::::.“14.139Locating cable faults by means of the marker function4.142Measuring spectrum and reflection4.145Further information∴4.146Setting the span4.146Selecting the center frequency.........∴4.147Measurement4.148Length measurement accuracy4.148Using limit Lines∴4.149Measurements with limit lines国面面4.151Definition range of limit lines4.152Data sets containing limit lines...4.1521145.5973.127ContentsR&S FSHMeasuring with Transducer Factors.4.153Unit for measurements with transducers4.156Reference level settings for measurements with transducers4.156Frequency range of transducer………4.156Data sets containing transducer factors4.156Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna∴4.157Connecting the antenna to the R&S FSH4.157Measurement of the resultant field strength in a transm. channel with large bandwidth .......4.159Code Domain Power Measurement on 3GPP FDD Signals.4.166Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results4.173Saving results4.174Entering a data set name4.175Loading measurement results.4.175Deleting saved data sets4.176Deleting all data sets4.177Printing out Measurement Results4.178Measurements4.179How a spectrum analyzer operates…4.1791145.5973.12E-15

转子系统的临界转速计算，Matlab程序

稀疏码多址接入，就是应5G需求设计产生的一种非正交多址技术。在发送端通过多维调制和稀疏扩频将编码比特映射成SCMA码字，接收端通过多用户检测完成译码。

使用HLS实现的CNN

本资源给出了bch码的编译码的c语言代码，可以通用

本文档介绍了一种基于FPGA的数字通信多路时分复用和解复用系统，使用硬件描述语言很好的实现了系统功能。第2页共63页AbstractThe system is designed for data multiplexed and de-multiplexed. It is based on TDMThe systern includes the transmitter and the receiver. They are implemented mainly by FPGaThere are three inputs in the transmission system: data from A/converter, DIPI and DIP2The three channels are out serially and time-divisional under the FPgas control. The FPGain the transmitter is divided into four modules which are frequency divider, Barker generator,data multiplexer and voltage display. voltage display is used for processing the data convertedy ADC and sending it to the LED. The serial data are serial shifted into the FPGa in thereceiver. Bit-synchronize and frame-synchronize are both picked up, and then de-multiplexThe FPGA in the receiver is divided into three modules which are digital PLL, datade-multiplexer and voltage display. The transmitter will multiplex four ways of 8-bit paralleldata. The first way is adC data, the second and the third way is generated by dip-key. Theother is Barker code used for frame synchronizing. The receiver will maintain the bitsynchronizing, recognize one frame and de-multiplex three ways data. The essay will discussthe design progress, the programming idea and some problems. Works have to be done by thedesigner are: Specify all system components, Make system specification, Draw systemschematics, Write RTL code according the schematics, Synthesis and simulate the rtl codeDesign the PCBS, Validate the functions of the FPGA on-line.Keywords: DPLL; Frame-synchronize; TDM; Verilog HDl; Serial A/D convert;第3页共63页目录引1数字复接系统简介52数字复接方法及方式2.1数字复接的方法…中中·2.2数字复接的方式………3系统原理和各模块设计………………………63.1系统原理及框图…3.2发端系统设计…3.3收端系统设计…···中··中··中····中·,中………93.4FPGA的设计流程“····“:*·············=·······*·*··3.4.1设计输入···“··++··+··*+··+··+++*···++++·*·+·++34.2设计综合……………………123.4.3仿真验证123.4.4设计实现……123.4.5时序分析123.5发端FPGA设计………………………133.5.1分频模块…翻……143.5.2复接模块……………………………………153.5.3显示模块……………………163.5.4编译与仿伤真…………………183.6收端FPGA设计……………………………………………………193.6.1数字锁相模块…………···→····;··中·······中···········→··············203.6.2解复用模块…··++·*···中+“··“++………………………213.6.3显示模块………………………………………………223.6.4编译与仿真………………………………223.7数字锁相环原理及设计……………………………2338串行AD工作原理………………2539并行D/A的工作原理…263.10 Altera flex10K10介绍………………………………………………………………274系统调试…………………………………………………325 Quartus||软件及 Ver log语言简介…………325.10 artus I软件简介……………………………………………………325.2 Verilog语言简介……………………………………………………………34第4页共63页6结论····“4··+·→··*·*··“······+“·+····“······“··+·+“+·…“*·.·+··+“·+·+·*··…………35谢辞36参考文献·a···.········和··::··中.事…37附录…38docn豆丁www.oocin.com第5页共63页引言数字复接、分接技术发展到80年代已经趋于成熟,形成了完善的EI、T系列。它使得多路低速信号可以在髙速信道中传输,同时提髙信道的利用率。PLD/FPGA是电子设计领域中最具活力和发展前途的一项技术,它的影响丝毫不亚于70年代单片机的发明和使用。可以毫不夸张的讲,PID/FPGA能完成任何数字器件的功能,上至高性能CP,下至简单的74电路,都可以用PLD/FPGA来实现。PLD/FPGA如同一张白纸或是一堆积木,工程师可以通过传统的原理图输入法,或是硬件描述语言自由的设计一个数字系统。通过软件仿真,我们可以事先验证设计的正确性。在PCB完成以后,还可以利用PLD/FPGA的在线修改能力,随时修改设计而不必改动硬件电路。使用PLD/FGA来开发数字电路,可以大大缩短设计时间,减少PCB面积,提高系统的可靠性。,PLD/FGA的这些优点使得PLD/FPGA技术在90年代以后得到飞速的发展,同时也大大推动了EDA软件和硬件描述语言的进步。本设计主要利用了FPGA及 Verilog hdl语言来设计数字复、接分接系统。数字复接系统简介在数字通信网中,为了扩大传输容量和提高传输效率常常需要把若干个低速数字信号合并成为一个高速数字信号,然后再通过高速信道传输,这就是所谓的数字复接技术。数字复接是一种已经非常成熟的技术,广泛地应用于无线通信、光通信和微波接力通信。图1-1数字复接系统方框饜图1-1所示,数字复接系统包括数字复接器( digital multiplexer)和数字分接时钟「定时同定时步复分日恢接复器( digital de- multiplexer)两部分。数字复接器是把两个或多个低速的支路数字信号按照时分复用方式合并成为一路高速的合路数字信号的设备;数字分接器是把合路数字信号分解为原来的支路数字信号的设备。数字复接器是由定时、调整和复接单元所组成;数字分接器是由同步、定时、分接和恢复单元所组成。定时单元给设备提供统一的基准时间信号,同步单元给分接器提供与复接器基准时间同步的时间信号,调整单元负责同步输入的各支路信号。恢复单元与调整单元相对,负贵把分接出来的各支路信号复原第6页共63页2数字复接方法及方式2.1数字复接的方法数字复接的方法主要有按位复接、按字复接和按帧复接三种(1)按位复接按位复接的方法是每次只复接每个支路的·位码,复接后,码序列中的第·位表示第一路中的第一位码;第二位表示第二路的第一位码;以此类推,第N位表示第N路的第一位码。这N位码形成第一时隙。同样,第二时隙是有每路的第二位码复接而成。这种复接方法的特点是设备简单、只需小容量存储,易于实现(2)按字复接按字复接就是每次复接支路的一个字或字节。复接后的码顺序是每个封隙为一路n位码。它的特点是利于多路合成和处理,但要求有较大的存储容量,使得电路较为复杂(3)按帧复接这种方法是每次复接一个之路的一帧数码,它的特点是复接时不破坏原来的帧结构,有利于交换,但要求有更大的存储容量。22数字复接的方式按照复接时各低速信号的情况,复接方式可分为同步复接、异步复接与准同步复接。(1)同步复接同步复接被复接的各个支路信号在时间上是完全同步的。在实际应用中,由于各个支路信号到达的时间不一样,造成支路间的码位相位不同,使得信息不能被正确复接。因此需要对支路进行相位调整。在复接时,要插入帧同步码及其它的业务码。(2)异步复接将没有统一标称频率的不同支路数字信号进行复接的方式成为异步复接。在数字通信中广泛采用这种复接方式。(3)准同步复接准同步复接是指参与复接的各个低速信号使用各自的时钟,但各支路的时钟需要在定的容差范围内。准同步复接实际上是在同步复接的基础上增加了码速调整功能3系统原理和各模块设计3.1系统原理及框图首先介绍系统的工作过程。此数字通信系统分为发端和收端两部分。在发端,FPGA对A①D变换数据、DIP1数据和DIP2数据插入帧同步码,形成一帧,对此帧按位时分复用并串行发送出去。同时,A/D输入端的模拟电压值将通过FPGA的处理,显示在七段数码管上。在收端,FPGA首先从串行码中提取位时钟,然后识别帧同步。当识别出帧同步后,FPGA解复用三路并行码,分别将这三路并行码送到后面的D/A变换器、LED1和LED2同时,第一路并行码通过FGA的处理,显示到七段数码管上。传输帧结构如图3-1所示:第7页共63页帧同步第一路第二路|第三路图3-1传输帧结构总系统框图如图3-2所示:七段数码管七段数码管A/DD/A信道DI P1立FPGA收端FPGALED 1DIP2LED2图3-2总系统框图3.2发端系统设计图3-3是发端系统方框图七数码簣豆丁A/D信道DP1愛端FPGADIP2图3-3发端系统方框图如图3-3所示,发端有三路信号:A/D变换信号、拨码开关1和拨码开关2产生的8位信码。AD变换的信码经过FPGA处理显示到七段译码管上,它代表变换前模拟信号的电压值。由于三路信号都是静态信号,因此输入不用进行码速变挨和码速调轄。输出信号的码速率为256Kbps。发端电路在做PCB时需要单层布线,因此将发端系统板倣成三块小板,分为三个图,分别是发端主图、AD变换图和LED显示图。发端主图如34所示,以发端FPGA为核心,其它功能块逐一实现。为了FGA运行的稳定,要在其周围加入6个滤波电容,电容值为0.1uF。拨码开关与排阻共同构成八位信码,分别接到FPGA的8个I/0端口。复位电路是系统正常运行的必要部分,它由按键开关,电解电容和电阻构成。主图板与AD变换板、LED显示板之间用插针和电线连接。这些插针和电线将为A/D变换板和LED显示第8页共63页板提供电源和通信路径。此外,FPGA还需要配置电路。配置电路在开杌时将配置文件载入到FPGA中,FPGA才可以工作。配置电路由上拉电阻和插座组成,其中,五个端口接到FGA五个配置引脚,他们是:DATA0、 sTATuS、 nCONFIG、 CONF DONE与DCLK。3图AA399999温899998旨若起Ed kDYnizisr含已四=图3-4发端主图原理图A/D变换图如图35所示,要说明的是,这里没有采用并行A/D,而是采用了串行A/D,这样可以节省FPGA的管脚。我使用的ADC型号是TC549。TLC549转换输入端模拟量为数字量,为FPGA提供串行数据。这块板的电源由主图板提供,电源端接到主图板的电源端。TLC549需要一片0.1uF的陶瓷电容为芯片的电源端滤波。在做PCB时,这片电容应靠近芯片的VCC与GND。TLC549的模拟输入量有电位器分压和外部输入,通过单刀双掷开关选择。外部输入的模拟量可以是信号源输出,音频输入等。AA「区YcAy图3-5AD变换图第9页共63页LED显示图如图3-6所示,我用五位LED显示模拟电压值。它可以提供0.0001的显示精度。这五位LED由一位独立LED和一个四LED组组成。这五个LED采用扫描方式显示。扫描显示是LED显示的常用方法。通过五个PNP管控制五个LED分时发光,时隙为32ms。在此时隙下,人眼不会察觉到LED分别点亮,而是同时在亮。此法不仅节省七段译码驱动芯片和FPGA的管脚,而且节约电能。小数点的位置固定不变:因此只需将独立LED的小数点设计为常亮。LED数码管采用共阳极,公共端接PP发射极,PNP集电极接电源,PNP的导通由FPGA控制。七段译码芯片采用DM74LS47,它是一片驱动共阳极LED数码管的芯片。同样,在这片芯片的VCC与GND之间加入0.1uF陶瓷滤波电容和essOyNC 5v In图3-6LED显示图3.3收端系统设计收端系统框图如图3-7所示七段数码管D/A信道收端FPGAED1LED2图3-7收端系统框图

双馈风力发电机，无错误可直接运行，包含了平均模型与实际模型两种，以及自定义库，模型较大适合有一定基础的人使用。

基于 Mat lab Simulink 异 步 电 机 矢 量 控 制 系 统 仿 真(文档及仿真模型)基于 Mat lab Simulink 异 步 电 机 矢 量 控 制 系 统 仿 真(文档及仿真模型)