实验一 信息熵与图像熵计算

MSC.MARC是功能齐全的高级非线性有限元软件，具有极强的结构分析能力。可以处理各种线性和非线性结构分析包括：线性/非线性静力分析、模态分析、简谐响应分析、频谱分析、随机振动分析、动力响应分析、自动的静/动力接触、屈曲/失稳、失效和破坏分析等ContentsMarc Volume A: Theory and User InformationrefaceAbout this manual■■■■20Purpose of volume A20Contents of volume a20How to Use this manual211 The Marc SystemMarc Programs............■■23Marc for Analysis23Mentat or patran for gul24Structure of marc24Procedure Library24Material Library24Element Library25Program Function Library25Features and benefits of marc252 Program InitiationMarc Host Systems27Workspace Requirements27Marc Workspace Requirements27File Units30Program Initiation.........32Examples of running marc Jobs■■■■■344 Marc Volume A: Theory and User Information3 Data EntryInput Conventions38Input of List of Items39Examples of lists41Table Driven Input■■41Table Input42Parameters46Model Definition Options46History Definition Options46REZONE Option474 Introduction to mesh definitionDirect Input49Element Connectivity Data49Nodal coordinate data53Activate/Deactivate54User Subroutine Input54MESH2D54Block definition54Merging of Nodes54Block Types55Symmetry, Weighting, and Constraints57Additional Options58Mentat58FXORD Option59Major classes of the fXoRD Option59Recommendations on Use of the FXORD Option63Incremental mesh generators■■■■■63Bandwidth Optimization64Rezoning.....64Substructure65Technical Background66Scaling Element Stiffness67Contents 5BEAM SECT Parameter■■■68Orientation of the Section in Space68Definition of the section68Error Analysis74ocal AdaptivityNumber of Elements Created7474Boundary Conditions75Location of new nodes76Adaptive Criteria77Automatic Global remeshing80Remeshing criteria84Remeshing TechniquesPatran Tetrahedral mesher885 Structural Procedure LibraryLinear Analysis99Accuracy100Error estimates100Adaptive meshing101Fourier Analysis101Nonlinear Analysis104Geometric nonlinearities108Eulerian FormulationArbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian(AEL) Formulation118Nonlinear Boundary Conditions118Buckling Analysis120Perturbation Analysis121Computational Procedures for Elastic-Plastic Analysis126Creep138Viscoelasticity142Viscoplasticity143Fracture Mechanics144Linear fracture mechanics144Nonlinear fracture mechanics147Numerical Evaluation of the J-integral148Numerical Evaluation of the Energy Release Rate with the VCCT Method150Automatic Crack PropagationDynamic Fracture Methodology1626 Marc Volume A: Theory and User InformationDynamic crack Propagation..162Crack Initiation163Mesh Splitting165Mesh Splitting Along Edges or Faces165Mesh Cutting167Dynamics...168Modal(Eigenvalue) Analysis.168Harmonic Response172Spectrum Response75Transient Analysis179Inertia relief191Rigid Body Mode Evaluation.191Rigid-Plastic Flow195Steady State Analysis95Transient Analysis196Technical background..196Superplasticity197Soil Analysis199Technical formulation200Mechanical Wear.,,,,,,,,203Design Sensitivity Analysis........■■205Theoretical considerations207Design Optimization208Approximation of Response Functions Over the Design Space..209Improvement of the Approximation211The Optimization algorithmMarc User Interface for Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization212Define Initial State with Results from a Previous Analysis215Pre state215Model sections217Steady State Rolling Analysis219Kinematics219lnetⅰaE仟fect...221Rolling Contact221Steady state rolling with marc221ContentsStructural Zooming Analysis.222Element Types Supported223Uncoupled Thermal Stress Analysis223Cure-Thermal-Mechanically Coupled Analysis224Cure Kinetics225Cure Shrinkage Strain228References,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2296 Nonstructural Procedure LibraryHeat Transfer234Thermal Contact235Convergence Controls235Steady state Analysis236Transient Analysisemperature Effects238Initial Conditions239Boundary Conditions239Surface Energy243Thermochemical Ablation and Surface Energy Balance244Mathematical Presentation244Mechanical Erosion251Mechanical Erosion by Other Actions251pyrolySis251Coking255Monitoring Thermal Degradation258Presentation of the Energy Equation260Ablation262Welding27Radiation278Conrad Gap292Channel293Output294Diffusion295Technical Background296Hydrodynamic Bearing300Technical Background3028 Marc Volume A: Theory and User InformationElectrostatic Analysis304Technical Background305Magnetostatic Analysis308Technical background..309Magnetodynamic Analysis∴∴320Technical Background322Piezoelectric Analysis325Technical Background326Strain Based Piezoelectric Coupling..328Acoustic Analysis328Rigid Cavity Acoustic Analysis328Technical Background329Fluid mechanics330Finite element formulation333Penalty Method335Steady State Analysis336Transient Analysis336Solid Analysis336Solution of Coupled Problems in Fluids..336Degrees of Freedom337Element Types.337Coupled Analyses∴..■量■画■■■,,,,,,,,339Thermal Mechanically Coupled Analysis341Coupled Acoustic-Structural AnalysisFluid/Solid Interaction- Added Mass Approach342346Coupled Electrostatic-Structural Analysis348Coupled Magnetostatic-Structural Analysis350Coupled Thermal-Electrical Analysis (Joule Heating)352Coupled Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Analysis355Coupled Magnetostatic-Thermal Analysis357Coupled Magnetodynamic-Thermal Analysis358Coupled Magnetodynamic-Thermal-Structural Analysis..359References∴,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,362Contents 97 Material LibraryLinear Elastic Material365Composite Material ......367Layered Materials368Classical Lamination Theory for Multi-Layered Shells371Material Preferred direction372Material Dependent Failure Criteria376Interlaminar Shear for Thick Shell, Beam, Solid shell, and 3-d Composite brick elements394Interlaminar Stresses for continuum composite elements397Progressive Composite Failure397Mixture model399Gasket403Constitutive model403Nonlinear Hypoelastic Material407Thermo-Mechanical Shape Memory Model422Transformation Induced deformation424Constitutive Theory425Phase Transformation strains425Experimental Data Fitting for Thermo-mechanical Shape Memory Alloy427Mechanical Shape Memory Model431Conversion from Thermo-Mechanical to Mechanical SMA oyExperimental Data Fitting for Mechanical Shape Memory alle434435Elastomer436Updated Lagrange formulation for nonlinear elasticity455Time-independent Inelastic Behavior456Yield Conditions458Mohr-Coulomb Material(Hydrostatic Stress Dependence)464Buyukozturk Criterion(Hydrostatic Stress Dependence)465Powder material465Obtaining Crush Curve and Shear Failure Parameters by Curve Fitting in Marc475Work or strain hardening.....,,,479Flow rule485Constitutive Relations486Time-independent Cyclic Plasticity489Time-dependent Inelastic Behavior492Creep(Maxwell Model)翻495Oak Ridge National Laboratory Laws50010 Marc Volume A: Theory and User InformationSwelling.501Viscoplasticity502Time-dependent Cyclic Plasticity502Anand solder model504Viscoelastic Material505Bergstrom-Boyce Model516Narayanaswamy Model518Frequency-dependent Material Behavior522Viscoelastic Material Behavior in the Frequency Domain522Thermo-Rheologically Simple Material Behavior in the Frequency Domain538Deformation Dependent Relaxation in the Frequency Domain539Harmonic Equations of motion541Performing viscoelastic Analysis in the Frequency Domain543Temperature Effects and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,546Piecewise Linear Representation547Temperature-Dependent Creep548Coefficient of Thermal Expansion549Time-Temperature-Transformation549Low Tension Material552Uniaxial Cracking Data552LoW Tension Cracking552Tension Softening552Crack Closure553Crushing553Analysis554Soil model554Elastic Models554Cam-Clay Model555Evaluation of soil parameters for the critical state soil model557Damage Models565Ductile metals565Elastomers568Cohesive Zone Modeling570Nonstructural materials578Heat transfer analysis579Piezoelectric Analysis579Thermo-Electrical Analysis579Coupled Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Analysis579Hydrodynamic Bearing AnalysisFluid/ Solid Interaction Analysis- Added Mass approach579.579

传统的去噪方法往往假设含噪图像的有用信息处在低频区域，而噪声信息处在高频区域，从而基于中值滤波、Wiener 滤波、小波变换等方法实现图像去噪，而实际上这种假设并不总是成立的。基于图像的稀疏表示，近几年来研究者们提出了基于过完备字典稀疏表示的图像去噪模型，其基本原理是将图像的稀疏表示作为有用信息，将逼近残差视为噪声。利用 K-SVD 算法求得基于稀疏和冗余的训练字典，同时针对 K-SVD 算法仅适合处理小规模数据的局限，通过定义全局最优来强制图像局部块的稀疏性。文献[28]提出了稀疏性正则化的图像泊松去噪算法，该算法采用 log 的泊松似然函数作为保真项，用图像在冗余字典下稀疏性约束作为正则项

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中国土壤质地空间分布数据是根据1：100万土壤类型图和第二次土壤普查获取到的土壤剖面数据编制而成，是根据砂粒、粉粒、黏粒含量进行土壤质地划分。数据分为Sand(砂土)、Silt (粉砂土)、与clay (黏土) 三大类，每一类数据均通过百分比来反应不同质地颗粒的含量。

基于SpringMVC+Spring+HBase+Maven搭建的Hadoop分布式云盘系统。使用Hadoop HDFS作为文件存储系统、HBase作为数据存储仓库，采用SpringMVC+Spring框架实现，包括用户注册与登录、我的网盘、关注用户、我的分享、我收到的分享等五大功能模块。其中我的网盘包括查看文件列表，多文件上传，创建文件夹，文件重命名、复制与移动、下载、在线浏览、分享等诸多功能。所使用的技术包括：SpringMVC框架、Spring框架、Maven项目管理工具、Hadoop HDFS文件系统、HBase数据库、openoffice服务、pdf2swf文件格式转换工具、flex

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【实例简介】演示了如何静态调用和动态调用子VI，子VI可以并行运行或者阻塞调用程序的运行。代码非常清晰，可以直接使用。

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