普通单片机IO口模拟UART程序

MATLAB/SIMULIK的单相全桥逆变器，利用单闭环控制，实现输出电压的稳定，电流内环控制实现输入输出电压电流同相位

一个用labvIEW做的连连看小程序，自己做着玩儿的 大家可以当做课设

所有开发人员或者技术团队，可以在本框架基础上做各种管理软件开发工作，里面所有相关业务代码都有Demo，大家可以学习着如何更好的使用UniGUI。如有技术上问题，可以下载另外一份《UniGUI集合说明--追月无名.doc》。

单相和三相逆变器SPWM调制技术的仿真与分析PWM技术的的应用十分广泛，目前中小功率的逆变电路几乎都采用了PWM技术。它使电力电子装置的性能大大提高，因此它在电力电子技术的发展史上占有十分重要的地位。PWM控制技术正是有赖于在逆变电路中的成功应用，才确定了它在电力电子技术中的重要地位。常用的PWM技术包括：正弦脉宽调制（SPWM）、选择谐波调制（SHEPWM）、电流滞环调制（CHPWM）和电压空间矢量调制（SVPWM）。

采用COMSOL软件，对平面变压器的仿真过程进行叙述，让大家了解平面变压器的仿真流程，是个很好的指导教材Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0Results and discussionThe magnetostatic analysis yields an inductance of 0. 1l mH and a dc resistance of0. 29 mQ2. Figure 2 shows the magnetic flux density norm and the electric potentialdistributionvolume: Coil potentiaL()Volume: Magnetic flux density norm (t▲0.07▲2.88×10-42.51.50.03050.01V656×107v0igure 2: Magnetic flux density norm and electric potential distribution for themagnetostatic analysisIn the static (DC) limit, the potential drop along the winding is purely resistive andcould in principle be computed separately and before the magnetic flux density iscomputed. When increasing the frequency, inductive effects start to limit the currentand skin effect makes it increasingly difficult to resolve the current distribution in thewinding. At sufficiently high frequency, the current is mainly flowing in a thin layernear the conductor surface. When increasing the frequency further. capacitive effectscome into play and current is flowing across the winding as displacement currentdensity. When going through the resonance frequency, the device goes from behavingas an inductor to become predominantly capacitive. At the self resonance, the resistivelosses peak due to the large internal currents Figure 4 shows the surface current3 MODELING OF A 3D INDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0distribution atl MHz. Typical for high frequency the currents are displaced towardsthe edges of the conductor.freq(1)=1.0000E6_Surfaee: Surface-current density norm (A/)▲18618Q16010￥1.02Figure 3: Surface current density at I MHz (below the resonance frequency)Figure 4 shows how the resistive part of the coil impedance peaks at the resonancefrequency near 6MHz whereas Figure 5 shows how the reactive part of the coiimpedance changes sign and goes from inductive to capacitive when passing throughthe resonance4 MODELING OFA3DINDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0Global: Lumped port impedance(Q2)d port impedance7.5G6.583275655545352510.10.20.30.40.509igure 4: Real part of the electric potential distribution5 MODELING OF A INDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0Global: Lumped port impedance(Q2)35000Lumped port impedance200001000050000500010000-1500020000250000.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.809Figure 5: The reactive part of the coil impedance changes sign hen passing through theresonance frequency, going from inductive to capacitiveModel library path: ACDC_Module/Inductive_ Devices_and_coils/inductor 3dFrom the file menu. choose newNEWI In the new window click model wizardMODEL WIZARDI In the model wizard window click 3D2 In the Select physics tree, select AC/DC> Magnetic Fields(mf)3 Click Add4 Click StudyMODELING OF A3D NDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.05 In the Select study tree, select Preset Studies>StationaryGEOMETRYThe main geometry is imported from file. Air domains are typically not part of a CaDgeometry so they usually have to be added later. For convenience three additionaldomains have been defined in the CAd file. These are used to define a narrow feed gapwhere an excitation can be appliedport l(impl)I On the model toolbar, click Import2 In the Settings window for Import, locate the Import section3 Click Browse4 Browse to the models model library folder and double-click the filenductor 3d. mphbinSphere /(sphl)I On the Geometry toolbar, click Sphere2 In the Settings window for Sphere, locate the Size section3 In the Radius text field, type 0.2ick to expand the Layers section. In the table, enter the following settingsLayer nameThickness(m)ayer0.055 Click the Build All Objects buttonForm Union(fin)i On the Geometry toolbar, click Build AllClick the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar7 MODELING OF A 3D INDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.03 Click the Wireframe Rendering button on the Graphics toolbarThe geometry should now look as in the figure below0.1-0.10.20.0.0.1y0.0.2Next, define selections to be used when setting up materials and physics Start bdefining the domain group for the inductor winding and continue by adding otheruseful selectionsDEFINITIONSExplicitI On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type Winding3 Select Domains 7,8 and 14 onlyI On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type Gap3 Select domain 9 onlI On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit8 MODELING OF A3DINDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.02 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type core3 Select Domain 6 onlyExplicit 4I On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type InfiniteElements3 Select Domains 1-4 and 10-13 onlyExplicit 5I On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type Non-conducting3 Select Domains 1-6 and 9-13 onlyI On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type Non-conductingwithout Ie3 Select Domains 5, 6, and 9 only.Infinite Element Domain /(iel)Use infinite elements to emulate an infinite open space surrounding the inductorI On the definitions toolbar click Infinite element domain2 In the Settings window for Infinite Element Domain, locate the Domain Selectionsection3 From the Selection list. choose Infinite Elements4 Locate the Geometry section From the Type list, choose SphericalNext define the material settingsADD MATERIALI On the Model toolbar, click Add Material to open the add Material window2 Go to the Add material window3 In the tree, select AC/DC>Copper.4 Click Add to Component in the window toolbar9 MODELING OF A 3D INDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0MATERIALSCopper(mat/)I In the Model Builder window, under Component I(comp l)>Materials click Copper(matD)2 In the Settings window for Material, locate the Geometric Entity Selection section3 From the Selection list, choose windingADD MATERIALI Go to the Add Material window2 In the tree. select built-In>Air3 Click Add to Component in the window toolbarMATERIALSAir(mat2I In the Model Builder window, under Component I(comp l)>Materials click Air(mat2)2 In the Settings window for Material, locate the Geometric Entity Selection section3 From the Selection list, choose Non-conductingThe core material is not part of the material library so it is entered as a user-definedmateriaMaterial 3(mat3)I In the Model Builder window, right-click Materials and choose Blank Material2 In the Settings window for Material, in the Label text field, type Core3 Locate the geometric Entity Selection section4 From the selection list choose Core5 Locate the Material Contents section. In the table, enter the following settingsPropertName Value Unit Property groupElectrical conductivity sigma0S/IBasicRelative permittivity epsilonrBasicRelative permeability mur1e3Basic6 On the model toolbar. click Add Material to close the Add Material windowMAGNETIC FIELDS (MF)Select Domains 1-8 and 10-14 only0MODELING OF A 3D INDUCTOR

基于51单片机射频密码锁设计门禁刷卡开锁系统射频卡IC卡电子制作，资料齐全,包含代码、PCB、论文、原理图等等，亲测可用

用Matlab编写的雷达目标跟踪定位算法，仿真图形含有位置、速度及加速度跟踪曲线，很好用

文件内包含有多个定位算法的matlab代码：DTOA，chan算法，克拉美罗界，泰勒算法等等

对二值化图像画出轮廓图，求出其链码，得到该链码直方图。附带三个函数，分别求二值化轮廓图、求链码、算链码出现频率，同时给出图像测试。

随机规划与模糊规划全本，是一本很好的参考用书序言在现实世界上,人们制定决策时经常会磁到两类不确定性现象:一是随机现象,一类是模糊现象。揹述、刻匦随机现象的量称为随机变量,而描述、刻画模糊现象的量称为模糊集。为了方便,我们不妨把二者分别称为随机参数和模糊参数。含有随机和模糊参数的数学规划分别称为随机规划和模糊规划。既然随机性和模糊性都是用来处理不确定性的,我们将随机规划和模糊规划统称为不确定规划。本书将为随机规划和模糊规划提供统一的原理,并为一般不确定环境下的优化理论打下基础在很多实际问题中,如管理、工程、经济、工业以及生态等领域,系统是一个广泛使用的概念,而一个复杂的决策系统通常具有多维性、多样性、多功能性和多准则性,并带有随机或模糊参数。对于随机规划间题中所出现的随机变量,出于不同的管理目的和技术要求,采用的方法自然也不同。第一类处理随机规划中随机变量的方法是所谓的期望值模型,即一种在期望值约束下使目标函数的概率期望达到最优的模型.第二类方法是 Charnes和 Cooper提出的机会约束规划,主要针对约束条件中含有随机变量,目必须在观测到随机变量的实现之前作出决策的情况。考虑到所作决策在不利情况发生时可能不满足约束条件,而采用一种原则:即允许所作决策在一定程度上不满足约束条件,但该决策应使约束条件成立的概率不小于某一置信术平α。第三类隨杋规划是相关机会规划,是使事件的机会函数在不确定环境下达到最优的方法,在确定性规划以及期望值模型和机会约束规划中随机规划与模糊规攴当对实际问题建模以后,可行集本质上是确定的,这就可能导致所给出的最优解在实际中无法执,而相关机会规划并不假定可行集是确定的。实际上相关机会规划的可行集被描述为所谓的不确定环境。虽然相关机会规划也给出一个确定的解,但这个解只是要求在安际问题中尽可能地执行。显然,相关机会规划的这特点与确定性规划、期苤值棋型和机会约束规划是截然不同的沿用随机环境中枕会约東规划的思想,在模榈环境中,假定模糊约東成立的可能性不小于置信水平α,这样就可以建立模糊机会约束规划、机会约束多目标规划和机会约束目标规划.类似地,沿用随机环境下相关机会规划的思想,亦有模糊相关机会规划、相关机会多目标规划和相关机会目标规划理论随着计算机的飞速发展和革新算法的不断涌现,许多复杂的优化问题已可以通过计算机求解。虽然目前计算机的能力还只能处理小规模的不确定规划模型,但是,我们坚信计算机的能力将会大幅度提高。这就为求解更加复杂的优化问题提供了一个契机它不仅表现在已有的复杂模型可以通过计算机求解,而且表现在我们可以提出更丰富的建模恿想。基于这一事实,本书采用全新的观点处理随机娜划和模糊规划,并且允许不确定规划中的目标函数和约束函数是非线性的,随机参数的密度函数或模糊参数的隶属函数可以有更灬般的形式,模型的结构可以更加复杂等等夲书为求解传统方法所不能解决的随机规划和模糊规划模型,设计了一系列基于随杌模拟或模糊模拟的遗传算法、虽然遗传算法有耗时多、速度慢等缺点,但对传统方法无法处理的问题,遗传算法是一种非常有效的方法,而且随着计算机速度的提高,实际间题将可以在合理的计算时间内得到解决本书共分12章。第1章主要介绍数学规划的基本概念,如线性规划、非线性规划、多目标规划、目标规划以及整数规划,同时也勾画出了随机规划私模糊规划的理论框架.第2章为求解优序言化问题,如单目标规划、多目标规划和目标规划,提供了一个遗传算法,并通过一些数值例子解释了遗传算法的有效性。第3章列举了生成随杌数的方法,并介绍模糊集合的一些基础理论,以及随机模拟和模粉模拟的技术。第4章给出了期望值模型的一些基本性质。第5章讨论了带有随机参数的机会约束规划。第召章给出一些机会约束规划模型的应用。第7章讨论了随机环境下的相关机会规划模型。第8章通过相关机会规划模型对随机决策系统进行了建模。第9章把随机机会约束规划推广到模糊机会约東规划。而第10章把随机相关机会规划推广到模糊相关机会约束规划.传统的数学规划模型提供的是使一些目标函数达到最优的清晰决策,然而,对实际问题,有讨应该提供的是模糊决策而不是清晰决策,所以第11章建立了带有模糊决策的模糊规划的理论构架。在第9章和第11章所讨论的模糊系统中的机会约束规划模型夲质上是一种 Maximax模型(乐观模型),即极大化可能达到的最大收益.与 Maximax模型的思想不同,第12章介绍了Mamx机会约束规划模型,其思想是极大化可能达到的最小收益本书可作为高等院校有关专业的高年级大学生和研充生的教材,也可作为运筹学、管理科学、计算机科学、系统科学、信息科学与工程等方面的学者和技术人员的参考书目录序第1章数学规划筒介11线性规划1.2非线性规划1.3多目标规划614目标规划81.5整数规划16不确定规划12第2章遮传算法优化间题22表示结构1823处理约束条件824初始化过程2评价函数202选择过程2227交叉操作2328变异操作429遗传算法程序242I0遍传算法与上升法25211数值例子26随机规划与模糊规划第3章随机棋拟和棋糊棋拟a了31随机数的产生3832随机模拟4733模糊集合理论5034模糊模拟57第4章期望值樸型644.1期望值算子652期望值模型6643凸性684.4补偿模型..、7(45基于随机模我的遗传算法46注73第5章机会约束划7生51机会约束规划模型5.2确定生等价类53—些性质8354随机模拟885.5基于随机模拟的遗传算法56注94第6章机会约束规划的应用0561生产过程0562饲料混合问题6.3随机资源分配986开放存储网络0165资金预算112月录11第7章相关机会规划L1771背景;供给-分配系统177.2随机集合1217.3不确定坏璄12474事件和机会函数1257.5相关机会规划..,,]2876相关机会多目称规划,,1307.7相关机会目标规划1337.8执行墩优解3679机会函数的随机模拟1377.10基于随机模拟的遗传算法138711注143第8章随机决簟系統媓模1448.1水资源供给一分配问题14482生产过程l5283开放存储网络15484资金预算15g第9章模糊机会约束规划16491机会约束规划模型1659.2清晰等价类.1689.3模糊模拟17394基于模糊模拟的遗传算法17595资金预算1796注183第10章模糊环境下的相关机会规划18410.1相关机会规划184随机规划与糢糊规划102相关机会多目标规划18610.3相关机会目标规划18810.4杌会函教的模糊模拟19110.5基于模糊模拟的遗传算法92106注197第11章带有模糊决策的模糊规划181.1模糊决策198112机会约束规划模型20(113相关机会规划模型20214模糊模拟1.5基于模糊模拟的遗传算法21211.6数值例于21617注222第12章 Minimax机会约束规划模型223121 Marina模型223122 Minimax模型227123 Minimax与Ma2x1卫ha22912.4模糊模拟232125数值例于23生126注238参考文献240些常用的符号251索引252第1章数学规划简介数学规划是运筹学的一个重要分支,并已被广泛地应用到很多领域数学规划可以描述为在一些数学关系诸奶等式或不等式表示的约束条件下,求一个(或一组)数的极值问题的方法.常見的数学规划有线性规划、非线性规划、多目标规划、目标规划整数规划、多层规划、动态规划以及本书重点讨论的随机规划和模糊规划等等本章里,介绍一些数学规划的基本概念和处理技术,为引入殖机规划和模糊规划打下基硼1.1线性规划作为优化领域最重要的工具之一,线性规划是用来处理在线性等式及不等式组的约束条件下求线性函数的极值问题的方法线性规划的标准形式可以写为maKC11千C22+…十Cun12:+媛122+…+a1nxn=竹1a211千22+…axn=b4m121+(m232+…+ammn=bm3≥D3=1,2