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多进制LDPC码改进算法研究

于 2020-11-27 发布
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对多进制LDPC码的构造、译码、码长及码率等方面进行仿真研究,以期为多进制LDPC码的实用化发展提供设计参考。76科技论坛如图1建立了多进制LDPC码的仿真平台,主要对多进制LD-时,对多进制LDPC码的译码算法复杂度进行计算。经仿真分析和PC码构造方法、译码算法、不同码长和不同码率进行了仿真对比。计算,基于3种算法的多进制IDPC码在高码率时均具有逞近香农系统运用高斯编码,信道是高斯白噪声信道,调整方式釆用BPSK限的特性。Ig-FF-BP译码算法的计算复杂度低于FTBP和调制,最大迭代次数为30,并且i-PG随机构造方法构造的非规BP算法,虽然BP算法表现出更好的系统性能但前者更适合于硬则LDPC码的变量节点度分布服从4(x)-038354x+0023x2+0.574092。件实现。这对多进制LDPC码的实用化有较大意义,并且对有关多表1给出了用于仿貞实验的多进制IDPC码参数,他们均为八元域进制IDC码译码算法的应用领域也有重婆的参考意义。码型且校验矩阵H的列重为4。现在对多进制LDPC码的编译码整参考文献体系统中能够对码字纠错效果产生影响的参数分别进行性能仿真。[] Gallager R.G.L灬 w Density Parity Check Codes. IRE Transac-3仿真结果tions on Information Theory 1962, 8: 208-220图2分别给出了LDPC-Ⅰ按照 Mackay、r-FS、 rg-PEG、ir-PE、[2] MacKay D.J.C. and ncal r.m. Ncar Shannon limit performanccir-QC构造方法基丁Lg-FFT-B译码算法得到的八进制LDPC码 of low- density parity- -check codes. Electronics Letters,199,32:在不同信噪比条件下的误码率曲线。由图可以看出,随着信噪比的1645-1646增加,五种码的性能开始出现差异。ir-PEC构造方法的误码率性能「3] MACKAY D, W ISON S, DAY Y M.Corconstruc明显优于其它几种构造方法,在2dB的信噪比时,误码性能接近 tions of irregular Gallager codes[J. I Transaction on Communica106数量级。其次为ir-QC、rg-PEG、rg-PS,可以看出i-QC对比于tion,199,47(10:1449-1454ir-PEG构造方法,在2dB时有10数量级的误码率性能损失。并且[4]MC. Davey and D JC. Mac Kay. Low density parity check codesrg-PEG、rg-PS两种构造方法在低信噪比下误码率性能比较接近, over GF(q) J. IEEE Communication Letter,1998,2(6):165-167但其性能明显差于ir-QC构造方法。 Mackay构造方法性能最差,当[5jLan,YY.rai, L Chen,S.Lin,andK, Abdel- Ghaffar. a trellis信噪比大于2B时,已经呈蚬差错平底效应的趋势。由图可以看出 based method for removing cycles from bipartite graphs and corir-PEG构造方法的随机性好于ir-QC结构化构造算法码字伫能, struction of low density parity check codes[ J]. IEEE Communicarg-PEG构造方法的随机性也好于rg-PS结构化构造算法码字性 tion letters,2004,8(7):443-45能,这说明非规则随机构造算法的码字性能优于随机构造算法构造[6JmXu, Lei cher, Ivana Djurdjevic, Shu lin, and Khaled ah的码字性能;对应随机构造算法构造的码字性能优于结构构造算法dl- Chaffer. Construction of Regular and Irregular LDPC Codes:构造的码字性能。因此选用ir-PEG构造方法来构造校验矩阵。 Geometry Decomposition and Masking[. iEeE Transactions orl图3分别给出了LDPC-1采用i-PG构造方法基于 Information Theory,2007,53(1:121-134Log-FFT-BP、FT-BP和BP译码算法得到的八进制LDPC码在不[7] David J C. MacKay. ood Error Correcting Codes Based on同信噪比情况下的误码率血线。从图对比可看岀,随着信噪比的增 very Sparse. EEE Transaction on Information Theory,19加BP译码算法的性能优于Iog-FT-BP和FFT-BP译码算法,而(2:399-431Log-FFT-BP和上I-BP两种译码算法在相同的伽罗华域和高信噪[8 DAVEY MC. Error correction using low density parity check比下,误码率性能没有很大的差异。同时,Log-FFT-BP的译码性能 codes. Cambridge,U.K.Uniw. Cambridge,199在2B的信噪比时,误码性能接近⑩05数量级,已满足大部分通信⑨9 Wymeersch F., Steendam H and Moeneclaey M.Iog- domain要求。decoding of LDPC codes over GF(q IC). IEEE International Con-图4分别给出了使用i-PEG构造方法相同码率不同码长基于 ference on Communications,2004:772-775多进制Lg-FI-BP译码算法得到的八进制LDPC码在低信噪比情况下的误码率曲线。由图可得出,由于传输码字长度变大,多进制LDPC码的性能随之有着显著的提高由此可知多进制LDPC码的传输码字长度变长的话,其误码纠错性能会较短码更好。这是因为码字长度的增大,使得稀疏矩阵里非零元素所占据的百分比在对应减少,进而 anner图所看到的坏长在增大,纠错性能就变的更加好。从码长度来考志,码长度为1536时,误码率曲线基于GF8在信噪比为2dB时接近106数量级,首先考虑性能问题,基于满足大部分通信要求。其次考虑码长增长,会给系统编译码带来很高的复杂度,这对实际系统来说是很严峻的问题,最后考虑硬件系统在实际仿真测试中带来性能损失,需要软件仿真来留出至少1个数量级弹性变化范围,最终确定选取码长度1536为多进制IDPC码为系统码长图5分别给出了使用ir-PEG构造方法相同码长不同码率基于多进制Iog-FFT-BP译码算法得到的八进制IDC码在低信噪比情况下的误码率曲线从图中都可以看出,在码长相同的条件下,码率越低,多进制IDC码的性能越好,但是码率越低,信息的传输速率也随之下降,则导致系统的频带利用率越低。反之,随着码率的增大,系统的误码率性能随之下降。这是因为码率越高,参加校验的校验比特越少,也就是信道编码增加的冗余度越小,系统的可靠性也随之降低。由于在码长相同的情况下,码率12性能与其他码率相比有较好的性能,所以系统方案最终选取码率1/2的多进制LDPC码。结束语本文对多进制LDPC码的编译码整体系统中能够对码字纠错效果产生影响的参数分别进行验证,运用统变量的原则分别对校验矩阵构造算法,译码算法,码长和码率等参数进行仿真对比。同

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List of acronymsAcronymDescriptionGUIGraphical user interfaceIDEIntegrated development environmentFOCField-oriented controlFWFirmwareMotor controlMC WBMotor control Workbench(STMicroelectronics sw tool)MPMotor Profiler(STMicroelectronics software tool)PMSMPermanent-magnet synchronous motorPWMPulse-width modulationSDKSoftware development kitVCVector controlMore information about ST MC Workbench is provided in the stm32 motor control SDKv5.0toolsusermanual(um2380)availableatwww.st.comarmUM2374 Rey 15/24Motor control ecosystem setupUM23742Motor control ecosystem setupA suitable ST Motor Control ecosystem environment includesA PC running the needed Mc software toolsA third-party IDEa third-party ANSI C-compilerA JTAG/SWD interface for debugging and programmingAn STMicroelectronics application board with one of the STM32 microcontrollerssupported. It drives the power stage and featuresPWM outputs to gate driverADC channels to measure currentsDC bus voltageA three-phase PMsM motol· A power supplyRefer to the STM32 motor control software development kit(Mc sDk data brief(DB3548)atwww.st.comandtothereleasenoteformoredetails2.1Software tool setupThe STMicroelectronics motor-control ecosystem runs on a pc with Windows7The following Pc software tools are correctly installedST MC Workbench (v5.0.0 or later)STM32CubeMX(v4 24.0 or later)ST-LINK/2(v4.0.0 or later)Any supported IDEIAR Embedded Workbench@ for Arm(v7.80.4Keil MDK tools (v5.24.2 or later)Ac6 System Workbench(v2.3.0 or later)(a)Refer to the respective user manuals for proper installation. 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Refer to the description of the application board for details on the USBcableA dedicated description card is delivered with each STMicroelectronics application board forproper installation For more details, refer to the user manual of the board available atwww.st.comThe selected hardware can be one of the three setups· The complete MC KitOne of the complete inverter boardsAny STM32 evaluation board combined with one of the ST evaluation power stagesthat include the mc connectorUM2374 Rey 17/24Getting StartedUM23743Getting StartedWarning: Check that the board is correctly configured for the motorcontrol application and supplied with the expected inputvoltageNoteRefer to the user manual of the related hardware to setup the correct configuration, voltagerange, serial communication capabilities, and programming/debugging interface3.1Hardware connectionConnect a uSb cable between the pc and the stmicroelectronics application board andthe JTAG/SWD programming cable if it is different from the USB cable3.2Motor profilingLaunch the ST MC Workbench software tool either byclicking on its iconrunning it directly from the installation folder treeBoth ways of launching the ST MC Workbench are illustrated in Figure 1Figure 1. ST MC Workbench- Icon and installation folder treeI STMicroelectrorics感FOC SDKLv.3.0MotorControlv500WorkBenchST Motor Control Workbenchd ST Motor profileren the st motor profiler tool either byUsing its dedicated button in the St Mc Workbench GUl as illustrated in Figure 2Running it directly from the installation folder tree as illustrated in Figure 1Figure 2. ST MC Workbench-GUl expanded top viewFile Tools Help Documet ta ionNew ProjectLoad Project4 About HelpMotor ProfilRcGert ProJEcts己tdbrsDRpower board8/24UM2374 Rey 1/UM2374Getting StartedClick on the Select Boards button to display the list of supported boards as shown onFigure 3 and select the STMicroelectronics application board setup. Figure 4 on page 10presents examples from this listNoteThe ST Motor Profiler tool may be used only with ST hardware in the list of supportedsetups.Figure 3. ST Motor Profiler-GUI2 ST Motor Profile.l:e augmentedMotor ProfilersPole pairsPe row to detecbeed and Current /mitsMaκSpet1600FPMn7 Select Board∧pk02530pkMagnetic: SM-PMSN○-NSMMechanIcal mode lO CenElectrical modelOW000UM2374 Rey 19/24Getting StartedUM2374Figure 4. ST Motor Profiler-Hardware setup list examplesE ST Motor ProfiY Hideabsolete boarde arch Control board by narSe arch power boac bv nareControl boardower BoardxCancelHide boards with warningNUCLEO-F302R8X-NUCLEO-HMOTM1 3shNUCLEO-F302R8X-NUCLEO-HMOBM1 3shT2F302R8T6L6230PDSTM32F302R8T6STL22ON6FT●Acf8m:m3SELNRV2 Emiol connectorC Product Web PageG Product Web PageC Product Web PageC Product Web PageNUCLEO-F303RESTEVAL-IPMO5F 3ShNUCLEO.F303RESTEVAL-IPM108 3sh●Aiv命Ativ● Ac livSn Ngor ombreI connectorST-LINKV2C Product Web PageC Product Web PageC Product Web PageC Product Web PageClick on the sTmicroelectronics hardware setup to select it and configure the st motorProfiler toolAs an example, Figure 4 shows the selection of the P-NUCLEO-IHM001 motor controlNucleo pack with NucLEo-F302R8 and X-NUCLEO-IHMO7M1After hardware setup selection, fill in the parameter fields with the motor informationThe number of pole pairs of the motor(mandatory fieldThe Max Speed of the motor(optional field)by default, the st Motor Profiler tool searches for the maximum allowed speedmatching the motor and the hardware setup usedThe Max Current allowed by the motor(optional field)By default, it is the maximum peak current deliverable by the hardware setupThe nominal dC bus voltage used by the hardware setup(optional field)By default, it is the power supply stage as either the bus voltage for low voltageapplications(DC voltage), or the RMs value for high voltage application(Ac voltage)The magnetic built-in type(mandatory field)By default, the SM-PMSM is selectedThe Ld/Lq ratio(mandatory field only when l-PMSM built-in is selected as shown inFigure 6 on page 1110/24UM2374 Rey 1/
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