ansoft Maxwell 3d教程.pdf
ansoft Maxwell 3d 向导式的用户界面、精度驱动的自适应剖分技术和强大的后处理器时的Maxwell 3D成为业界最佳的高性能三维电磁设计软件。可以分析涡流、位移电流、集肤效应和邻近效应具有不可忽视作用的系统，得到电机、母线、变压器、线圈等电磁部件的整体特性。功率损耗、线圈损耗、某一频率下的阻抗（R和L）、力、转矩、电感、储能等参数可以自动计算。同时也可以给出整个相位的磁力线、B和H分布图、能量密度、温度分布等图形结果。本文件是软件使用教程.希望能帮助大家·Printing HistorNew editions of this manual include material up dated since theprevious edition. The manual printing date, indicating the manualscurrent edition, changes w hen a ncw edition is printed. Minorcorrections and updates incorporated al reprint do not cause the daleto changeUpdate packages may be issued betw een editions and containadditional and/ or rep lacement pages to be merged into the manualby the user Pages which are rearranged because of changes on aprevious page are not considered to be revised.EditionDateSoftwareRevisionFebruary 1991April 199212December 1993October 19964.1September 19995.06December 20006.0WWW⊥nmTypeface ConventionsComputerCter type is used fon promptsand messages, for field names, and for keyboard entries that must be ty ped in theirentirety exactly as shown. For example, thenstruction"copy filel"means to type the w ordcopy, to type a space. and then to type filelMenu/Command Computer type is also used to display the commands that are needed to perform a specifictask Menu levels are separated by forwardslashes (/) For example, the instructionhoose File/Open"means to choose the Opencommand under the file menuItalicsItalic type is used for emphasis and for thetitles of manuals and other publications. Italictype is also used for key board entries when aname or a variable must be typed in place ofthe words in italics. For example, the instruc-rion“ copy filename” means to type the wordcopy, to type a space, and then to type then amc of a filc. such as filelKeysHelvetica type is used for labeled keys on thecomputer keyboard. For example, the instruc-tion"Press Return?"means to press the key onthe com puter that is lahcled Returnwww.docin.coInstallationBefore you use Maxwell 3D, you must1. Set up your systems graphical windowing systerm2. Install the Maxwell softw are, using the directions in theAnsell PC or UNIX Installation guideIf you have not yet done these steps, refer to the ansoft installetionguides and the documentation that came w ith your computer systemor ask your system administrator for helpsing a Graphical User InterfaceIf you are familiar with the concepts of using a mouse, menus, andother graphical user interface(GUn)tools, skip to Chapter 1“ IntroductionIf you have not used GuI systems before, this section will help youunderstand some of the terminology used in this guide. Since GUIare basically visual, the best way to learn to use them is by practicingon your systemMost gui systcms usc a mouseas a poinTing device, with whichyou can select areas on the screenfor command execution andmoving from one program toanother. Your mouse may have 2www.door 3 buttons; Maxwell 3D ignoresthe middle button on 3-buttondelsAnsoft products donot usc this button. You canprogram mouse buttons to work in non-standard ways, as you mightwant to if you are left-handed. For simplicity, the left-hand hutton(under your forefinger if you are right-handed) is called the leftbutton, and the one on far right is the right mouse button. You willprobably find the terms intuitive once you use these buttons a fewtimesPoint and click; Right clickTo choose an item with the mouse, first move it on your desk until thearrow cursor is on that item; you are now pointing" at the item. Next,ress and release the left bu tton thlled"clicking " Point-andclick is the most common action you will make with your mouseally, click" refers to a lefise button clickYou can sometimes use your right mouse button to access or entercommands. In the 3d Modeler for instance, a right mouse buttonclick causes a short menu of commands to appear at the moustcursor. Generally, right click "refers to a right mouse button clickDouble-ClickOccasionally you may want to sclect all of thc text in a box,orperform a special lask(such as indicating the end of drawing a linewhile you are using Maxwell 3D. You can do this efficiently byquickly clicking twice with your left mouse button -a doubleDragging objects; Click and HoldWhen you are drawing in the 3D Modeler, you can often use yourmouse to enter objects and move around the screen. Frequently, youwill click the mouse button and hold it down until the next part of thecommand is reached (the object is oved, the next point is enteredand so forth). If you click and hold on the edge of a w indow, you canposition, or drag, the window on your screen. You can often dragobjects in Maxwell; experiment to see w hat will moveTool BarsTool bars are shortcut methods for entering commands. There is atool bar in the 3d Modeler and most of the setup modules for severalcommand s. To use a tool bar. click the mouse cursor on the buttonyou want to use. Here is an example of a tool bar囗。圖哦良风≌固函MenusWithin each screen of maxwell 3d are areas w hich list subsets ormenus,of commands. You can access a menu by clicking your mouseon the word or button that indicates the menu. The menu is pulleddown, listing the commands available on that menu. (For examplethc New command is availablc on the File mcnu. Usually, thc mcnuwill remain displayed until you choose a command, or click on thedesktop to exit. If the menu does not remain displayed, click and holdthe mouse button, then release the button to make your choiceFile Edit viewNewopenCloseSavectrl+SSave AsImportExportExitctrl+QAn arrow on the right side of a command indicates that there is asubmenu for that command. An ellipsis (. )indicates that a pop-upwindow appears aftcr choosing this commandWhen you are asked to use a menu command, each level is separatedby a"/". Thus, to zoom in on a drawing, you would choose the viewLoom In menu command To open a new file, you would choose File/There are also pop-up menus, which appear when you righL-click ona maxwell modeler window. choose commands from thcsc menus inthe same way as from menu barsFor more information on using GUIs, refer to"User Interface"in theMaxwell Control Panel,s online help systemOther ReferencesFor detailed information on Maxwell 3d commands refer to theonline documentation for the maxwell 3d field simulatorTo start maxwell 3d, you must first access the maxwell controlPanel. for more detailed inform ation on the maxwell control panelcommands, refer to the Maxwell Control Panels online help systemwww.docin.comTable of Contents1. Introduction1-1General Procedure.1-2The Sample Problem1-4Meshes.....,,,,,,,,面2. Create aAccess the maxwell Control Panel·:.·:·甲,,,,,,,,,,2-2Start the Project managerCreate a Project directoryCreate a New project··,···············,·,,,,,,,,,,2-6Enter notes2-73. Draw the model3-1Open the project3-2Start. the 3D Modeler3-3Side window........................snaps3-6Define the problem region: Coordinates and Units ..,...... 3-7Absolute and relative coordinates3-7Grids3-7Zooming in and out of the view window3-9Create the electromagnet3-10Draw the Coil...,,.,..,3-10Draw thc Circlc........,..,...,,,......,..........3-10Create the Cylinder,,3-11Create the hole for the Core3-12Draw the Core·中··············3-13SavingP3-14Create the magnel翻...3-15Draw the magnet3-15Move the magnet3-15Toggle Off the Background..................3-16Create a termini..........,,,,,..,,,,......,,,..3-17Create the Coil terminal..........,,......,,,.,..3-18Define the Problem Region;..,;;“;##.3-20Define the Problem Region .................. 3-21Shading and rendering . ......................................3-22Exit the 3d modeler3-234 Define The problemAccess the Material Manager4-2Exclude the background·····+···,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.4-2Assign Steel to the CoreAssign Copper to the Coil4-3Assign vacuum to the problem Region.......4.......4-3Assign NdFe35 to the Magnet4-3Access the 3D Boundary/Source Manager45assign a current to the coil.....4-6Define the sourceAssigning the Source lo the Termina.........,..,,,,∴4-64-7Check the Direction of the CurrentExit the 3D Boundary/Source Manager4-85. Generate a Solution5-1Setup executive Parameters······5-2Create a Force Setup for the Magnet.5-3Create a Force Setup for the Coil and Core5-3Create a Force Setup for the entire model·········Exiting the Executive Parameters moduleSpecifying Solution Criteria·非5-5Solver type11翻自。■非非首·····:.··.·Magnetic Field SolveResidualSolve for Field and Parameters+++++++++++++++++++++;,+“++Adaptive analysisContents-2
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基于ABAQUS的高速切削切屑形成过程的有限元模拟
基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS的Johnson-Cook材料模型以及断裂准则模拟高速切削淬硬钢锯齿状切屑形态,并讨论刀具前角和锯齿状切屑形态对切削力的影响。研究表明仿真结果和试验结果是一致的,文中介绍的有限元模拟方法可以准确地模拟并预测高速切削淬硬钢时的切屑形成过程。刀4有限元模拟及试验结果将有限元模拟仿真预测的切屑形态与试验结果进行比较,如图2、图3、图4所示。预测的切屑形态结果以积分点处等效塑性应变( equivalent plastic strain,PEEQ)的形式显示。由图中可以看出,有限元预测的切屑形态与试验结果非常接近。图中PEEQ的最大值随刀具前角从-10°改变到10而逐渐减小,说明主剪切(a)锯齿状切屑显微照片(b)锯齿状切屑形态有限元模拟结果区内的切屑变形也随刀具前角的增大而减小。刀具前(a) A micrograph of(b) fe simulation result of serrated角对切屑形态有重要影响,当使用负前角时容易形成serrated chipchip morphology锯齿状切屑。图4锯齿状切屑形态有限元模拟仿真与试验结果的对比(Fig 4 Comparison between experimentally and numerically obtained80.70.6hI号0.5H总0.4(a)锯齿状切屑显微照片(b)锯齿状切屑形态有限元模拟结果(a)a micrograph of(b)fe simulation result of serrated肥0.2●试验结果 Experimental resulserrated chipch0:→摸拟结果 Simulation result图2锯齿状切屑形态有限元模拟仿真与试验结果的对比(yo=-10)1010Fig 2 Comparison between experimentally and numerically obtained刀具前角 Tool rake angle(°)chip morphology (Yo =-10)图5不同刀具前角条件下的锯齿化程度Fig 5 Sawtooth degree under different tool rake angles4000003600320.l6000012000(a)锯齿状切屑显微照片(b)锯齿状切屑形态有限元模拟结果4000(a)A microgram(b)FE simulation result of serrated0.000.050.100.150.20serrated chchip morphology时间Time×103/s图3锯齿状切屑形态有限元模拟仿真与图6锯齿状切屑形成时的切削力波动(y6=-10)试验结果的对比(y0=0)Fig 6 Efect of tool angle on the cutting force(%o =-10Fig 3 Comparison between experimentally and numerically obtained加而逐渐降低。刀具前角对切削力也有很大影响,如图6、图7和图8所示,平均切削力F的值随着刀具刀前通常使用锯齿化程度C9表示锯齿状切屑变形和角的增加而逐渐降低。切屑形态。Gs的定义如下Gs =(H-h,)/h(4)5结论Gs的测量方法如图2所示,Gs与刀具前角之间的关系本文的目的在于预测高速切削过程中的切屑形如图5图5说明模拟结果与试验结果符合很好,当切态。使用适合高速变形条件的 Johnson-Cook材料模削速度和进给量一定时,锯齿化程度随刀具前角的增型、断裂准则和 ABAQUS有限元软件,模拟并测量高速0.80LIU Zhan Qiang, WAN Yi, AI Xing. Cutting forces in High Speed Milling[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2003, 14(9): 734-737( In Chix0.60[2]Kishawy H A. An experimental evaluation of cutting temperature duringhigh speed machining of hardened D2 tool steel[ J]. Machining Science0.40and Technology, 2002, 6(1): 67-79[3]刘战强,艾兴.高速切削刀具磨损表面形态研究[门摩擦学学〓0.20报,2002,22(6):468-471RLIU Zhan Qiang, Al Xing. Wear characteristics of cutting tools in high尽0speed machining[J]. Tribology, 2002, 22(6): 468-471( In Chinese)0.000.050.100.150.20[4]赵文祥,龙震海,王西彬,等.高速切削超高强度钢时次表面层时间 Time x103/s的组织特性研究[J.航空材料学报,200,25(4):2025图7锯齿状切屑形成时的切削力波动(y0=0)ZHAO Wen Xiang, LONG ZhenHai, WANG XiBin, et al. Study on theFig7 Effect of tool angle on the cutting force(yo =00)metallurgical structure characters of sub-surface layer of ultra-high strength0.80alloy steel in high speed milling condition[J]. Joumal of Aeronautical MEterials, 2005, 25(4): 20-25( In Chinese)[5] Sung H R, Soo-Ik 0. Prediction of serrated chip formation in metal cutting0.60process with new flow stress model for AISI 1045 steellJ]. Joumal of Ma-terials Processing Technology, 2006,171: 417-4220.40[6】赵军,孟辉,王素玉,等.高速切削锯齿状切屑的有限元模拟[.工具技术,2005,39(1):29-310.20ZHAO Jun, MENG Hui, WANG SuYu, et al. Finite element simulatinganalysis of serrated chip formation in high speed cutting[J]. Tool Engi-0ing,2005,39(1):29-31( In Chinese)早0.000050.100.150.20时间 Time x103/s[7]Christian H, Svendsen B. Simmlation of chip formation during high-speed图8锯齿状切屑形成时的切削力波动(=10)cutting[ J]. Joumal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007, 186: 66Fig8 Effect of tool angle on the cutting force(%o = 100)[8] Klocke F, Raedt H W, Hoppe S. 2D-deform simulation of the orthogonal切削AISI4340钢过程中不同刀具前角条件下的切屑high speed cutting process[]. Machining Science and Technology, 2001形态和切削力,讨论刀具前角和切屑形态对切削力的5(3):323-340.影响。研究结果表明,模拟结果与试验结果能很好地9)]shkH,AbeE, Sahm a. Material aspects of chip formation in HSC相符。因此,本文使用的有限元模拟方法可以准确预machining[ J]. Amals of the CIRP- Manufacturing Technology, 2001, 50(1)测高速切削淬硬钢时切屑形成过程。参考文献( References)[1]刘战强,万熠,艾兴.高速铣削中切削力的研究[J.中国机械工程,2003,14(9):734-737.
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