TOPSIS--R

在R中如何导入数据，主要是txt，csv，excel等数据格式的导入(how to imput data in R)

结合案例来描述每一种统计学模型，解释如何开展数据分析，讨论采用模拟手段来检验模型，这是模型开发与评估中的重要方面，给出多层回归模型（如多层ANOVA、多层线性回归和广义多层模型），指导如何用R语言采实现诸多方法，在线提供书中所用到的数据集和R语言脚本。(Combined with the case to describe each kind of statistical model, how to carry out data analysis and interpretation, discusses the use of simulation to test the model, this is an important aspect of the development and evaluation of the model, given the multi regression model (such as multilayer ANOVA, multi linear regression and generalized multi model), how to achieve a lot of mining method with the R language guide online provide the data set and the R script used in the book.)

说明：  The source code of data analysis using R language does not contain data sets. If you need to contact us

说明：  R语言对数据进行Garch-M-Copula建模并利用EM算法估计相应的参数(Garch-m-copula is used to model the data in R language and EM algorithm is used to estimate the corresponding parameters)

利用R语言进行两个变量的空间自相关分析，从而进行克里金插值(The spatial autocorrelation analysis of two variables is carried out by using R language.)

说明：  本书提供了快速绘制高质量图形的150多种技巧，每个技巧用来解决一个特定的绘图需求。读者可以通过目录快速定位到自己遇到的问题，查询相应的解决方案。(This book provides more than 150 techniques for quickly drawing high quality graphics, each of which addresses a specific drawing requirement. Readers can quickly locate their own problems through the directory, query the corresponding solution.)

用R语言进行TOPSIS算法，TOPSIS方法是层次分析中一个较为常用的方法，这里给出其一个R语言实现(Using R language for TOPSIS method)

双重差分估计 双重差分模型（difference-in-difference，DID）近年来多用于计量经济学中对于公共政策或项目实施效果 的定量评估。 通常大范围的公共政策有别于普通科研性研究，难以保证对于政策实施组和对照组在样本分配上的完全随机。非随机分配政策实施组和对照组的试验称为自然试验（naturaltrial），此类试验存在较显著的特点，即不同组间样本在政策实施前可能存在事前差异，仅通过单一前后对比或横向对比的分析方法会忽略这种差异，继而导致对政策实施效果的有偏估计。(Quantitative evaluation of policy or project implementation effect. Generally, a wide range of public policies is different from general scientific research, and it is difficult to ensure that the sample allocation for the policy implementation group and the control group is completely random. The non-randomly assigned policy implementation group and the control group are called natural trials, which have significant characteristics, i.e. there may be prior differences between the different groups of samples before the implementation of the policy, and this difference will be ignored only through a single pre-and post-comparison or horizontal comparison analysis method, which leads to the policy. Biased estimation of implementation)

copula R语言，编程学习。享受copula学习的乐趣。R语言编程，copula代码(R copula)

说明：  通过本书，读者不仅能掌握使用R及相关算法包来快速解决实际问题的方法，而且能从实际问题分析入手，到利用R进行求解，以及对挖掘结果进行分析的全面训练(Through this book, readers can not only master the method of using R and relevant algorithm packages to quickly solve practical problems, but also start from the analysis of practical problems to the comprehensive training of using R to solve problems and analyzing mining results)