sort

约瑟夫环（约瑟夫问题）是一个数学的应用问题：已知n个人（以编号1，2，3...n分别表示）围坐在一张圆桌周围。从编号为k的人开始报数，数到m的那个人出列；他的下一个人又从1开始报数，数到m的那个人又出列；依此规律重复下去，直到圆桌周围的人全部出列。通常解决这类问题时我们把编号从0~n-1，最后结果+1即为原问题的解。 (Josephus (Josephus problem) is the application of a mathematical problem: Given n individuals (with numbers 1,2,3 ... n respectively) sitting around a round table. From the number of people gettin k, number of the m man out of the line he s the next person and a number of gettin number to m the man was out of the line and so the law is repeated until the round table were all out of the column. We numbered 0 ~ n-1, the final result is the original problem solution+1 usually solve these problems.)

实验内容： 建立一个包含图书（书号，书名，定价）信息的的链表，并具有如下功能： (1) 根据指定图书个数，逐个输入图书信息； (2) 根据书名进行查找，返回此书的书号和定价； (3) 根据指定的位置可返回相应的图书信息（书号，书名，定价）； (4) 给定一个图书信息，插入到表中指定的位置； (5) 删除指定位置的图书记录； (6) 统计表中图书个数。 (It is a good c++.)

蜂群算法C语言实现，附带中文注释，简单易懂(ABC algorithm coded using C programming language)

说明：  ACM及各类基本算法模板，包括数据结构，计算几何，字符串，图论，数学，高精度等许多常用模板(ACM basic algorithm and various templates, including data structures, computational geometry, string, graph theory, mathematics, high-precision, and many other commonly used templates)

二叉树的C++实现，成员可以自己调整，实现了各种修剪此树的方法：初始化，增加节点，删去节点，复制树，读取节点，遍历树(Binary tree in C++, members can make their own adjustments to achieve a variety of pruning this tree methods: initialize, add nodes, delete nodes, copy the tree, read the node, traverse the tree)

说明：  从最后一个非叶子结点开始从后往前进行调整，保证了根下的所有子树都是最大堆，最后对根进行调整，使整棵二叉树为最大堆，保证了根结点为整棵数的最大值点，完成了建堆的过程，再将根结点跟最后一个结点进行交换，如此反复操作，则堆排序就完成了，其中堆排序的过程采用了满二叉树的概念。(From the final of a non-leaf node after the move began to be adjusted to ensure that the root of all sub-tree are the biggest pile, and finally adjusted to the root, so that the largest heap binary tree整棵to ensure that the root node for整棵the maximum number of points, completed the process of building reactors, and then the last root node with a node to be exchanged, and so repeated the operation, then HEAPSORT completed, of which the process of HEAPSORT a full binary tree concept.)

一．问题描述 对2006年度全国80多个城市的每天空气质量状况进行查询、排序等操作。 空气质量状况对象包括城市代码、城市名称、首要污染物、污染指数、污染物级别、空气状况、年、月、日 二、实验要求 1． 普通查询：输入城市名称和城市代码，分别查询该城市每天、每周、每月、每季度和全年的空气质量状况 例子：查询太原市2006年第8周的空气质量状况 2．统计查询： （1）输入城市名称和城市代码，分别查询该城市每周、每月、每季度和全年的空气质量为优、良、轻微污染、轻度污染、重污染的天数 例子：查询石家庄市2006年第2季度空气质量为轻微污染的总天数 （2）根据时间查询空气质量状况：输入周编号、月编号、季度编号或年编号，以及空气质量为优、良、轻微污染、轻度污染、重污染的天数，查找相应的城市名称 例子：查询2006年5月，空气被轻度污染3天以上的城市有哪些？ 3．排序查询 （1）输入周编号、月编号、季度编号或年编号，查询城市空气质量的排行榜 例子：查询2006年第6周，全国空气平均质量最好的前20个城市为哪些？ 三、数据文件 Data.txt(one. Problem Description of the air quality day in 2006 more than 80 cities nationwide query, sorting and other operations. Air Quality objects include city code, city name, the primary pollutant, pollution index, contaminant level, air condition, year, month, day two, experimental requirements 1. General Queries: Enter a city name and city codes, each query in the city daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly example air quality and full year: Queries air quality in Taiyuan first eight weeks of 2006 2. Statistical inquiry: (1) enter a city name and city codes, each query in the city weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual air quality as excellent, good, slight pollution, light pollution, heavy pollution days example: inquiry Shijiazhuang City in 2006 second quarter, the air quality is the total number of days a slight pollution (2) according to time of the query air quality conditions: enter the week number, month number, quarter number or in number, and the air quality is excellent, good, sli)

冒泡优化： 如果一个序列是int n[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} , 用正常的冒泡排序需要排8次才行，优化之后1次就好，也就是说序列越接近于正常序列，改进之后的冒泡排序的次数就越少，这样会给一个冒泡排序算法带了很大的效率。 思想：添加一个boolean变量用来判断冒泡是否是已经排好了顺序，如果boolean的值为false，说明是已经排好了，如果boolean的值true，说明没有排好，继续排。(If a sequence is int n [] = {, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} need to row 8 times the job after optimization times like normal bubble sort, but alsomeans that the sequence is more close to the normal sequence, improved bubble sort, the less the number, which would give a bubble sort algorithm with a great deal of efficiency. Idea: add a boolean variable used to determine the bubble whether it is already lined up the order, if the boolean is false, indicating already lined up, if the boolean value of true, did not line up, continue to row.)

说明：  离散随机线性系统的卡尔曼滤波。 其中13lman.c是卡尔曼滤波函数，4rinv.c是滤波函数中用到的矩阵求逆函数，13lman0.c是主程序。(discrete stochastic linear Kalman filtering system. 13lman.c which is the Kalman filter function, 4rinv.c filtering function is used in the matrix inversion function, is the main program 13lman0.c.)

假设要在足够多的会场里安排一批活动，并希望使用尽可能少的会场。设计一个有效的贪心算法进行安排。（这个问题实际上是著名的图着色问题。若将每一个活动作为图的一个顶点，不相容活动间用边相连。使相邻顶点着有不同颜色的最小着色数，相应于要找的最小会场数。） 对于给定的k 个待安排的活动，编程计算使用最少会场的时间表。 (Suppose you want to arrange a number of activities in the hall more than enough, and want to use as little as possible venue. Design an effective greedy algorithm arrangements. (This problem is actually well-known graph coloring problem. If each activity as a vertex map, with the side connected between incompatible activities. Makes coloring adjacent vertices with minimum number of different colors, corresponding to looking The minimum number of venue.) K to be arranged for a given activity, calculated using a minimum of venue programming schedule.)