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  Optical flow or optic flow is the pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces, and edges in a visual scene caused by the relative motion between an observer (an eye or a camera) and the scene.[2][3] The concept of optical flow was first studied in the 1940s and ultimately published by American psychologist James J. Gibson[4] as part of his theory of affordance. Optical flow techniques such as motion detection, object segmentation, time-to-collision and focus of expansion calculations, motion compensated encoding, and stereo disparity measurement utilize this motion of the objects surfaces and edges.[5][6]