基于PIC单片机的风光互补路灯照明控制器
基于PIC单片机的风光互补路灯照明控制器薛林,等基于PC单片机的风光互补路灯照明控制器成对蓄电池的充电。当光照较弱时,由于此时光DC-DC电路、实时时钟电路、充放电保护电路、伏板先将电能储存在电容,当电容的电压达到最路灯开关电路等组成;从控制器由液晶显示以及大功率点时再将电能转到蓄电池上,即只要光伏键盘组成(图3)。两个单片机之间通过RS232板产生电能,无论其电流多小都可以对蓄电池进DB9接口进行异步串行通信,即通过从控制器的行充电,最大限度地提取光伏板中的电流,充分键盘设置相关系统信息(主要包括日期设置、时利用光伏板。间设置、平均开灯时间设置、平均关灯时间设置3硬件电路时差设置、节能管理时数设置、蓄电池过充电压本文设计了一种新型的路灯控制器,其微处设置、蓄电池过放电压设置),然后传给主控制理器芯片均采用的是PC16F877。控制器包含主器。同时,在两个控制器相连时,主控制器的时间控制器和从控制器两个部分:主控制器主要由信息在从控制器的液晶上显示。NL ELtasRM4IAAnAAARWNF-I7 noa图3时钟及PWM产生电路Fig 3 Clock and the PWM generation circuit主控制器能够实现对蓄电池的充放电管理,DS12C887能够自动产生世纪、年、月、日、时、防止过充、过放。它有两路脉宽调制器(PWM)通分、秒等时间信息。DS12C887中自带有锂电道和8路可编程AD转换器通道,通过AD输池,外部掉电时,其内部时间信息还能够保持入口实现对蓄电池的采样测量,实现蓄电池的过10a。对于一天内的时间记录,有12h制和充、过放保护以及路灯光控开关。充电开关电路24h制两种模式,在12h制模式中,用AM和由两根控制线(光伏充电电路的PWM信号和风PM区分上午和下午。时间的表示方法有两机的PWM信号)与微处理器的PWM端口相连种:一种用二进制数表示,一种是用BCD码表接,实现PwM控制脉冲充电,能够极大地提高示。DS12C887中带有128字节RAM,其中有系统充电效率。放电开关电路也由两根控制线与11字节RAM用来存储时间信息,4个字节微处理器相连,控制开关动作,它能够实现光源RAM用来存储DS12C887的控制信息(称为控的开关和功耗调节。本控制器采用的节能管理方制寄存器),113字节通用RAM便于用户使式是在一个灯杆上安装两个灯,从天黑时到晚上用。另外,用户还可对DS12C887进行编程以节能管理时间之前两盏灯同时点亮,系统全功率实现多种方波输出,并可对其内部的3路中运行;到节能管理时数之后关掉其中一盏灯,系断,通过软件进行屏蔽。统半功率输出;为了延长路灯的使用寿命,采用基于时钟芯片Ds12C887,本文所设计的控两盏灯循环利用方式,即日期为偶数,在节能管制器是采用时空方式进行开关灯控制的,一年四理时间关掉A灯,日期为奇数,在节能管理时间季的开关灯时间变化如图4所示。可以通过在从关掉B灯。控制器上对当地的平均开关灯时间(即春分和秋本控制器采用的时钟芯片是 DALLAS公分时的开关灯时间)和时差进行设置,利用软件司生产的实时日历时钟芯片DS12C887,计算出当天的开关灯时间。可耳能骠2011,29(1)外,用户通过键盘对系统信息进行修改后,由从开灯时间控制器发送给主控制器进行处理。5结语本文介绍了一种用于风光互补路灯照明系关灯时间统的新型智能控制器。控制器由主控制器和从控制器组成,微处理器均采用PC16F877芯片。主控制器主要由DC-DC电路、实时时钟电路、充放春分夏至秋分冬至电保护电路、路灯开关电路等组成,从控制器由节气液晶显示以及键盘组成。两个单片机之间通过图4开关灯时间变化图RS232DB9接口进行异步串行通信,即通过从控Fig4 Turnon and turn off time variation制器的键盘设置相关的系统信息(主要包括:日从控制器主要由液晶显示和键盘组成。显示期设置时间设置、平均开灯时间设置、平均关灯部分是人机对话的窗口,具有重要作用。根据用时间设置时差设置、节能管理时数设置蓄电池户需求,控制器要实现的显示功能有日期设置、过充电压设置、蓄电池过放电压设置),然后传给时间设置、平均开灯时间设置、平均关灯时间设主控制器。同时,在两个控制器相连时,将主控制置、时差设置、节能管理时数设置、蓄电池过充电器的时间信息在从控制器的液晶上显示。试验和压设置、蓄电池过放电压设置。从控制器使用运行结果表明,应用此智能控制器的照明系统,LCD12864-12液晶显示模块,这种字符型液晶模具有效率高、稳定性好的优点,并能长期自动运块是一种带汉字库的液晶显示模块,可以进行4行在免维护状态下,具有广阔的应用前景。行字符显示。模块允许单片机随时访问显示参考文献RAM并可进行位操作。用户通过键盘模块对充昊理博,赵争鸣刘建政用于太阳能照明系统的智放电各种参数进行设置,本控制器采用中断的方能控制器[J清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43式进行按键处理。由于PIC单片机的 PORTB各(9):1195-1198端口具有弱上拉功能,只要通过软件设置相应的[2]谢小英,阴文平黄成德,阀控式铅酸电池的研究现控制位即可。并且 PORTB端口的高四位,即状与展望[电池,2009,39(1):47-48RB4~RB7引脚的电平发生变化时会产生中断。 KirCHEV A, DELAILLE A, KAROUI F,etat, Studies用电平变化产生中断的方式可以大大提高效率。of the pulse charge of lead-acid batteries for PV applications (I), Factors influencing the mechanism of the4软件设计pulse charge of the positive plate[J]. J Power Sources,主控制器和从控制器之间会实时地进行通2008,177(1):217-225信,主控制器通过异步通信方式把从时钟芯片凹张月滨,王星博,任永乐,等,延长铅酸电池寿命保护DS12C877读取的时钟信息传送到从控制器,从装置的设计门电池,2007,37(3):226-228控制器将其在液晶模块12864上进行显示。另DOI】CNKI:21-1469/TK201101261721006一++十“+“m+m“+“太阳能产业将成新兴能源支柱产业太阳能是目前最具发展前景的新能源。近几年我国全国能源工作会议上表示,下一步将加强太阳能行业规t太阳能产业发展势头迅猛,2010年全国光伏发电装机规划和准入管理,引导产业健康发展,把它培养成为我国模约达到60万kW。但光伏行业也承受着产能过剩、高先进的装备制造产业和新兴能源支柱产业。在具体落实牦能、高污染的质疑。上,要继续推广利用太阳能热水器,加大对太阳能发电经过多年发展,我国已形成了比较完整的太阳能光技术研发的支持。建设国家级太阳能研发试验中心,增伏产业链,对国内太阳能光伏发电市场的评价是:启动加财政和企业的研发投入。要在太阳能资源丰富、具有有序,起步良好。当前的主要问题是太阳能光伏发电转荒漠和荒芜土地资源的地区,建设一批大型并网光伏示化效率较低,发电成本较高。范电站。在内蒙古、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏的适宜地区,国家发展改革委副主任、国家能源局局长张国宝在开展太阳能热发电试点〈来源中国经济网〉·110
- 2020-11-02下载
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使用CC2591作为CC2530的功放
使用CC2591作为CC2530的功放, CC2591 PAThe absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions listed in the CC2530 datasheet [1]and the CC2591 datasheet [4] must be followed at all times. Stress exceeding one or more ofthese limiting values may cause permanent damage to any of the devicesNote that these characteristics are only valid when using the recommended register settingspresented in Section 4.6 and in Chapter 8, and the CC2530 - EM reference designOperating Frequency240524835MHzOperating Supply Voltage2036VOperating Temperature-40CTC=25C, VDD=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated. All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-Cc2591EM reference design [11] with a 50 Q2 loadReceive CurrentWait for sync, -90 dBm input levelWait for sync, -50 dBm input level24mATXPOWER OXE5166mATXPOWER OXD5149mATXPOWER OXC5138mATXPOWER OXB5127mATransmit currentTXPOWER OXA5115ATXPOWER = 0X95100mATXPOWER = 0X8594ATXPOWE=0×75mATXPOWE=0×6579APower Down Current PM2UAISTRUMENTSPage 3 of 19SWRA308ATC=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f= 2440 MHz if nothing else is stated. All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591 EM reference design with a 50 Q2 loadReceive Sensitivity HGM 1 %PER, IEEE 802. 15.4[6] requires -85 dBm-988dBmReceive Sensitivity LGM1 PER, IEEE 802. 15.4 [6] requires -85 dBm-90.4dBmSaturationlEEE 802.15. 4 [6] requires-20 dBm10dBmWanted signal 3 db above the sensitivity levelIEEE 802.15.4 modulated interferer at ieee 802.15.4 channelsInterferer Rejection+5 MHz from wanted signal, IEEE 802. 15. 4 [6] requires 0 dBdB+10 MHz from wanted signal, IEEE 802. 15. 4 [6] requires 30 dB49dB+20 MHz from wanted signal wanted signal at- 82d BmdBdue to in the external lna and the offset in cc2530 the rssi readouts from cc2530CC2591 is different from rssi offset values for a standalone cc2530 design the offsetvalues are shown in table 4.4High Gain Mode79LoW Gain mode67Real rssi Register value-Rssl offsetISTRUMENTSPage 4 of 19SWRA308ATc=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591 EM reference design with a 50 Q2 load Radiated measurements aredone with the kit antennaRadiated Emissionwith TXPOWer Oxe5Conducted 2. RF (FCC restricted band)-462|dBmConducted 3. RF(FCC restricted band46.5 dBmComplies withFCC 15.247. SeeChapter 7 for moredetails about regulatoryRadiated 2.RF(FCC restricted band)42.2dBmrequirements andcomplianceIEEE 802.15.4[6]requires max.35%%Measured as defined by IEEE 802.15. 4 6TXPOWER OxE5. f= EEE 802.15. 4 channels13TXPOWER= OXD5. f= EEE 802.15.4 channelsTXPOWER= OXC5 f= EEE 802.15.4 channelsMax error∨ ectorTXPOWER OxB5 f= IEEE 802.15. 4 channelsMagnitude(EVM)TXPOWER OxA5. f= IEEE 802.15.4 channelsTXPOWER 0X95. f= IEEE 802. 15.4 channels643333%%%%%%%TXPOWER= 0x85. f= iEEE 802. 15.4 channelsTXPOWER =0x75 f= IEEE 802. 15.4 channels%TXPOWER= 065. f= iEEE 802. 15.4 channelsThe RF output power of the CC2530- CC2591 EM is controlled by the 7-bit value in theCC2530 TXPOWER register. Table 4.6 shows the typical output power and currentconsumption for the recommended power settings The results are given for Tc= 25 C, Vdd3.0V and f= 2440 MHz, and are measured on the cC2530-CC2591 EM reference designwith a 50 Q2 load. For recommendations for the remaining CC2530 registers, see Chapter 8 oruse the settings given by SmartRF StudioOXE520166OxD519149OxC18138OxB517127OxA5161150x95141000x8513940X75860x651079Note that the recommended power settings given in Table 4.6 are a subset of all the possibleTXPOWER register settings. However, using other settings than those recommended mightINSTRUMENTSPage 5 of 19SWRA308Aresult in suboptimal performance in areas like current consumption, EVM, and spuriousemissionTc=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591EM reference design with a 50 32 load2221-2V201918171611121314151617181920212223242526251510OxE5OxC5OxA50X850x65540-30-20-1001020304050607080ISTRUMENTSPage 6 of 19SWRA308A98Avg 3.6VAva 3vAvg 2V110111213141516171819202122232425261023.6V-1062V-110-40-30-20-100102030405060708070604020-Wanted signal at:-82 dBm10ISTRUMENTSPage 7 of 19SWRA308ACC2530-CC2591EM High Gain ModeC C2530-CC2591EM Low Gain Mode- CC2530EM40000-100110100908070-60-50-40-30-20-100The IEEE standard 802.15. 4 [8] requires the transmitted spectral power to be less than thelimits specified in table 4.7If-fc>3.5 MHz-20 dB-30 dBmThe results below are given for Tc=25 C, Vdd=3.0V and f= 2440 MHz, and are measuredon the CC2530-CC259 1EM reference design with a 50 Q loadIEEE absoluteChannel 182432.52435243752442524452447.5ISTRUMENTSPage 8 of 19SWRA308AOnly a few external components are required for the CC2530-CC2591 reference design. Atypical application circuit is shown below in Figure 5.1. Note that the application circuit figuredoes not show how the board layout should be done. The board layout will greatly influencethe RF performance of the CC2530-CC2591EM. TI provides a compact CC2530CC2591 EM reference design that it is highly recommended to follow. The layout, stack-upand schematic for the CC2591 need to be copied exactly to obtain good performance. Notethat the reference design also includes bill of materials with manufacturers and part numbersL102 L10=TI INF inductorVDD13cc2530LA 1RF PANTCC2591 RF NFNPA EN(P1 1)i工工I NA FNP:1HGM ENPO 7)T:1Proper power supply decoupling must be used for optimum performance. In Figure 5.1, onlythe decoupling components for the CC2591 are shown. This is because, in addition todecoupling, the parallel capacitors C11, C101, and C131 together with, L101, L102, TL11TL101 and TL131 also work as RF loads. These therefore ensure the optimal performancefrom the CC2591. C161 decouples the AvDD blAs power.The placement and size of the decoupling components, the power supply filtering and thePCB transmission lines are very important to achieve the best performance Details about theimportance of copying the CC2530-CC2591EM reference design exactly and potentialconsequences of changes are explained in chapter 6The RF input/output of CC2530 is high impedance and differential. The CC2591 includes abalun and a matching network in addition to the PA, LNa and RF switches which makes theinterface to the CC2530 seamless. Only a few components between the CC2530 andCC2591 necessary for RF matching For situation with extreme mismatch(VSWR 6: 1 till 12: 1out-of-band as shown in Figure 6.2) it is recommended to include all the components asshown in Figure 5.1ISTRUMENTSPage 9 of 19SWRA308ANote that the PCB transmission lines that connect the two devices also are part of the RFmatching. It is therefore important to copy the distance between the devices, the transmissionlines and the stack-up of the PCB according to the reference design to ensure optimumperformanceThe network between the CC2591 and the antenna(L111, C112, C111 C113 and L112matches the CC2591 to a 50 2 load and provides filtering to pass regulatory demands. C111also works as a dc-blockR151 is a bias resistor the bias resistor is used to set an accurate bias current for internaluse in the cc2591The TI reference design contains two antenna options. As default, the Sma connector isconnected to the output of CC2591 through a 0 Q2 resistor. This resistor can be soldered offand rotated 90 clockwise in order to connect to the PCB antenna, which is a planar invertedF antenna(PIFA). Note that all testing and characterization has been done using the SMAconnector. The PCB antenna has only been functionally tested by establishing a link betweentwo EMs. Please refer to the antenna selection guide [6] and the Inverted F antenna designnote [7 for further details on the antenna solutionsISTRUMENTSPage 10 of 19SWRA308A
- 2020-11-30下载
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