ZEMAX官方中文手册
ZEMAX官方中文使用手册2010年2月版 有700多页。光学必备光研科学荣誉出品声明ZEMAX是 ZEMAX Development corporation(ZDC)的注册商标。所有商标权益皆受相关法律保护。涉及到的所有其它产品名称和商标分别为它们的拥有者所有。本手册屮所提及的软件和参考资料都获相关许可,只有在符合使用许可的条件下才能被使用或复制。本书内容受著作权法保护,本书的简伾中文版由ZDC授权光硏科学有限公司翻译并发行。光研科学有限公司禁止任何未经本公司授权的以任何形式传播、复制、引用与保存本书及其内容的行为。本书内容是ZEMAⅩ光学设计软件的官方指导用书,仅用于软件使用的指导。本书不得用作最终设计、生产与加工的依据。仁何由于未经验证而将设计投入生产和加工而导致的损失不得要求ZDC以及光研科学有限公司负责。任何修改和错误修F将不会另行通知,请用户自行询问光研科学荣誉出品光研科学荣誉出品目录第一章绪论关于本于册的说明( About this document)∠EMAX能做什么?( What does Zemax do)?ZEMAX不能做什么?( What doesn’ t zemax do?)学习如何使用 ZEMAX( Learning to use ZEMAX)多处理器的计算机( Multiple processor computers)"…系统要求( System reguirements)申,·鲁鲁··,36安装过程( Installation procedure密钥政策( Policy on the key).支持的定义( Definition of support)36获得技术支持( Getting technical support)错误修正的政策( Policy on bug fixes)第二章用户界面引言( Introduction)··39窗口的类型( Types of windows)主窗口的操作( Main window operations)图形窗口操作( Graphic windows operations).编辑窗∏操作( Editor windows Operations)9900使用注释功能( Using the annotation feature)··使用移动和缩放功能( Using pan and zoom)43文本窗口操作( Text windows opoerations)43取消长时间的计算( Aborting long computations∴…………对话操作( Dialog operations)常用快捷键综述( Summary Of useful shortcuts)45使用 Windows剪贴板( Using the Windows clipboard)申申非46ZEMAX的文件扩展名(文件名后缀)( ZEMAX file types by extension第三章约定与定义言( introduction引言当前组态( Active configuration).·鲁···申·鲁申非49角放大率( Angular magnification)49光瞳分布( Apodization)49后焦距( Back focal length)49某面( Cardinal planes).19主光线( Chief rav)坐标轴( Coordinate axes)..50衍射极限( Diffration limited)...50边缘厚度( Edge thickness)有效焦距( Effective focal length)∵…5051入瞳直径( Entrance pupil diameter)51入瞳位置( Entrance pupil position)51出瞳直径( Exit pupil diameter)51出瞳位置( Exit pupil position)51附加数据( Extra data)视场角与物高( Field heights)51随光阑尺寸漂移(∏ loat by stop size)51鬼像反射( Ghost reflections)52目录光研科学荣誉出品玻璃( Glasses)六边环( Hexapolar rings)像空问F/#( Image space f/#).像空间数值孔径( Image space numerical aperture.NA)透镜(镜头)单位( Lens units)52边缘光线( Marginal ray)··.·······.····52最大视场( Maximum field),,52非近轴系统(Non- paraxial systems)非序列光线追迹(Non- sequential ray tracing)归一化视场坐标( Normalized field coordinates).....圆形视场归一化( Radial field normalization)矩形视场归一化( Rectangular field normalization).54归一化光瞳坐标( Normalized pupil coordinates).55物空间数值孔径( object space numerical aperture)参数数据( Parameter data)近轴和傍轴光线( Paraxial and parabasal rays)近轴像高( Paraxial image height)近轴放大率( Paraxial magnification)··+.··近轴工作F/#( Paraxial working F/#)主波长( Primary wavelength)鲁着56半径(Radi).56真实传播( Real propagation)弧矢与子午( Sagittal and tangentia1)57半直径(Semi- diameters)序列光线追迹( Sequential ray trac in)特殊字符( Special characters)斯特利尔数( Strehl ratio).表面孔径( Surface apertures)58系统孔径( System aperture).全反射( Total internal reflection:TIR)、…子午面( Tangential)厚度( Thickness)总长度( Total track)单( Units)渐晕因子( Vignetting factors)59虚传播( Virtual propagation)波长数据( Waveleng th data)工作F/井( Working t/#)第四章文件菜单新建(NEW)打开(Upen).63保存(Save)保存为( Save as)使用场景文件( Use Session files)备份存档文件( Backup To archive file)恢复存档文件( Restore from Archive file)∴…·,.64程序模式( Program Mode).插入透镜( Insert lens)属性( Preferences)地址( Address)文件夹( Folders).目录光研科学荣誉出品图形( Graphics)67杂项( Miscellaneous)编辑( Editors)打印( Printing)颜色1-12,颜色13-24( Colors1-12, Colors13-24)按钮1-16,按钮17-32,按钮33-48( Button1-16, Button17-32, Button33-48).......71状态栏( Status bar).··,,71退出(Exit)72最近用的文件( Recently used files)..第五章编辑菜单镜头数据( Lens data)73插入和删除表面( Inserting and deleting surfaces)血序号显小( The surface number display)·鲁剪切、复制、粘贴衣面数据( Cutting, Copying, and Pasting surface data)输入表面注释( Entering surface comments)74输入半径数据( ntering radii data)..着··鲁71输入厚度数据( Entering thickness data)74输入玻璃数据( Entering glass data).74输入半口径数据( Entering semi- diameter)··74表面特性类型标签( Surface Properties type tab oX)米输入二次曲血数据( Entering conic data)..74输入参数数据( Entering parameter data)74表面特性对话框( The Surface properties dialog b74着75表面类型( Surface Type)表面DLL( Surface dll)表面颜色( Surface color)··:··表面的不透明化( Surface0 pacity)行颜色( Row color).使该面变为光阑( Make Surface Stop)..着·曹,,,,,,,,,,75使该血变为全域坐标参考面( Make surface global coordinate reference)75衣面不能为超半球面( Surface cannot Be Hyperhemi spheric)75忽略此表面( Ignore This Surface)76表面特性画图标签( Surface properties draw tab)鲁··76隐减表面的入射光线和出射光线( Hiding ray to surfaces)..光线跳过此面( Skip rays to this Surface)76不画出此面( Do not draw this surface)76不画出始于此血的边缘( Do Not draw Edges From This Surface).,,,,76画出局部轴( Draw local axis)/6将边缘画作( Draw edge as)76镜面基底和厚度( Mirror substrate and thickness)衣面特性孔径标签( Surface properties aperture tab)孔径类型和其它孔径控制( Aperture type and other aperture controls孔径类型代码和参数( Aperture type codes and parameters)··着非平面上的孔径投影( Aperture projection on non-plan surfaces)78孔径偏心和跟随( Aperture decanters and pickups)78用户定义孔径/遮阑( User defined apertures and obscurations)78UDA文件格式( The uda file format)79UDA例了( UDA Examples)80表面特性散射标签( Surface properties scattering tab)表面散射设置( Surface scattering settings)表面倾斜/偏心标签( Sur face tilt/ decenter tab)目录光研科学荣誉出品使用坐标返回( Using the Coordinate return)表面物理光学标签( Surface physical optics tab)84表面镀膜标签( Surface coating tab)申·鲁,,84设置和移除解( Setting and removing Solves)·····设置和移除变量( Setting and removing variables).84菜单选项( Menu options).·.:··:·;:···;:··84编辑(Edit)解(S·“视图(View)86帮助(Help),·鲁评价函数( Merit function)..86菜单选项( Menu options)∵编辑(Edit).+·非·,非·;···.:·:·工具(Too1)视图(View)87帮助(Help)87多重结构( Multi- Configuration)87菜单选项( Menu options)···.87编辑(Edit)..·,,解( Solves)..工具( Tools)·····视图(VieW)榘助(Help).公差数据( Tolerance data).,,90菜单选项( Menu options)编辑(Edit)工具(Tool)视图(View)91帮助(Help)91附加数据( Extra data)..91菜单选项(Menu0 ptions).91编辑(Edit)解( Sloves)..91工具(lool)91视图(View)帮助(Help)92非序列元件(Non- Sequential components).菜单选项(Menu0 ptions)...92编辑(Edit)解( Solves)误差( Errors)探测器( Detectors)...93数据库( Database),91工具OUIS94视图(View)94帮助(Help)··鲁94撤消、亘做、恢复(Undo、Redo、 Recover).····:·········::··,,,94撤销:无(Undo:None)94撤销:一步记忆撤销(Undo: Memory1step)撤销:多步存盘撤销(Undo: Disk Multi step)目录光研科学荣誉出品第六章系统菜单更新( Update)97全部史新( Update a1l).通用(G孔径( Aperture).97孔径类型( Aperture type)孔径值( Aperture value)分布类型( Apodization type)均匀分布( Uniform apodization高斯分布( Gaussian apodization)余弦立体分布( Cosine cubed apodization)用户定义分布( User defined apodization),,,,,99分布因子( Apodization factor)远心物空间( Telecentricω bject Space)无焦像空间( Afocal i mage space)优化时重设求解( Iterate Solves When Updating),,,单位( Units100透镜单位( Lens units)..,..100光源单位( Source units),,,,,,,,,,,,,,101分析单位( Analysis Units)101无焦模式的单位( Afocal Mode units)..,,,,......101MTF单位( MTF Units)标题/注释( Title/ Notes)·售·售镜头标题( Lens title)注释( Notes).102玻璃库( Glass catalogs).,102光线校准( Ray aiming),102光线校准( Ray aiming).102使用光线校准缓存( Use Ray aiming cache)103加强型光线校准(慢)( Robust Ray aiming(Slow))103光瞳偏移:X,Y,z( Pupil shift:X,Y,andZ)环境( Environment)..104棖据环境调整折射牽数据( Ad just Index data To environment)摄氏温度( Temperature in degree C),,,,,,104AT压力( Pressure in atm)104偏振(仅E支持)( Polarization( ZEMAX- EE only)).,,,,,,,,104非偏振( Unpolarized).,,,,,,,,,,,,,,105Jx, Jy,X Phase. Y Phase将膜层相位转换成等效光线( convert thin film phase to ray equivalent)∴·..105105方法( Method).,105文件( Files),105镀膜文件( coating files)..105散射表面文件( scatter profile).,105ABG数据文件( ABg data file)105梯度特性文件( GRADIUM Profile)杂项( Miscellaneous)光程差参考( Referece opd).106近轴光线( Paraxialray106半口径余量(用透镜单位表示)( Semi diameter margin( lens units))全局坐标参考面( Global Coordinate Reference Surface)"∴∴半口径余量%( Semi diameter Margin in%)107目录光研科学荣誉出品计算F/#的方法( Method To Compute f/#)108快速球面追迹( Fast Asphere trace)108半口径的快速计算法( Fast semi- Diameters)..,,,,,,,,108检査(RIN孔径( Check GRIN Aperture)关闭线程( Turn off Threading),,,,,,,,109不要打印坐标转折数据(Don’ t Print coordinate break data),,109OP横( OPD Modulo)..,109非序列(Non- Sequentia1)..109每条光线的最大交点数( Maximum intersections per ray)每条光线最大区段数( Maximum Segments Per ray109最大嵌套/密接物体( Maximum nested/ Touching0 ojects)最小相对光线强度( Minimum relative ray intensity),,,,,,,110最小绝对光线强度( Minimum absolute Ray intensity).·.··用透镜单位表示的胶合距离( Glue distance in lens units)透镜单位下错过光线的画出长度( Missed ray draw distance In lens units)内存中的最大文件型光源的光线数( Maximum Source file rays In Memory)111简单的光线分束( Simple ray Splitting)..,,,111文件打开时重新追迹光源的光线( Retrace Source rays Upon File Open)l11视场( Fields)….,,,,111保存及导入视场数据( Saving and loading field data)……渐晕因子( Vignetting Factors)波长( Wavelengths保存和载入波长数据( Saving and loading wavelength Data)112下组态( Next Configuration)112最后组态( Last Confi guration).112第七章分析菜单前言( Introduction)视图( Layout).e·,113二维视图(2 Layout).·······,,,,,,,,,,,,,113维视图(3 Layout)114方向指示器( The orientation indicator)115光线乒常( Ray errors)115组态数据( Configuration da ta)116光线列表文件格式( Raylist file format)116阴影模型( Shaded model).,,,,,,,,,,,,116ZEMAX元件图( ZEMAX Element drawing).···...117特殊字符( Special characters..119IS0元件图(IS0 Element Drawing)画IS010110符号和代号概述( Summary of Is010110 symbols and codes),,,,,,,,,120直径和斜角( Diameters and bevels)121公差数据( Tolerance data).121NSC三维视图(NsC3 D Layout)..121非序列阴影模式( NSC Shaded Mode l,,,,,122NSC物体察看器( NSC Object Viewer).122扇形图(Fans),,.,,,,123光线像差( Ray aberration),,123在中间衣面上评估结果( Evaluating results at intermediate Surfaces),,,.,124光程( Optical path)光瞳像差( Pupil aberration)点列图( Spot Diagram)··125目录
- 2020-07-04下载
- 积分：1
Vehicle Dynamics Theory and Application
不错的汽车动力学教材，是参与汽车底盘电子开发的动力学基础。Reza n. jazarVehicle DynamicsTheory and ApplicationsSpringerReza n. jazarDept of Mechanical EngineeringManhattan collegeRiverdale. NY 10471ISBN:978-0-387-74243-4e-ISBN:978-0-387-74244-1Library of Congress Control Number: 200794219c 2008 Springer Science+ Business Media, LLCAll rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without thewritten permission of the publisher(Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 SpringStreet, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews orscholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrievalelectronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now knownor hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarksservice marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as anexpression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rightsPrinted on acid-free paper987654321springer. comKavoshmy daughter, Vazan,and my wife, MojganHappiness is when you win a race against yourselfPrefaceThis text is for engineering students. It introduces the fundamental knowledge used in vehicle dymamics. This knowledge can be utilized to developcomputer programs for analyzing the ride, handling, and optimization ofroad vehiclesVehicle dynamics has been in the engineering curriculum for more thana hundred years. Books on the subject are available, but most of themare written for specialists and are not suitable for a classroom applicationA new student, engineer, or researcher would not know where and howto start learning vehicle dynamics. So, there is a need for a textbook forbeginners. This textbook presents the fundamentals with a perspective onfuture trendsThe study of classical vehicle dynamics has its roots in the work ofgreat scientists of the past four centuries and creative engineers in thepast century who established the methodology of dynamic systems. Thedevelopment of vehicle dynamics has moved toward modeling, analysisand optimization of multi-body dynamics supported by some compliantmembers. Therefore, merging dynamics with optimization theory was anexpected development. The fast-growing capability of accurate positioninsensing, and calculations, along with intelligent computer programming arethe other important developments in vehicle dynamics. So, a textbook helpthe reader to make a computer model of vehicles, which this book doesLevel of the bookThis book has evolved from nearly a decade of research in nonlineardynamic systems and teaching courses in vehicle dynamics. It is addressedprimarily to the last year of undergraduate study and the first year graduatestudent in engineering. Hence, it is an intermediate textbook. It providesboth fundamental and advanced topics. The whole book can be coveredin two successive courses, however, it is possible to jump over some sections and cover the book in one course. Students are required to know thefundamentals of kinematics and dynamics, as well as a basic knowledge ofnumerical methodsThe contents of the book have been kept at a fairly theoretical-practicallevel. Many concepts are deeply explained and their application empha-sized, and most of the related theories and formal proofs have been explained. The book places a strong emphasis on the physical meaning andapplications of the concepts. Topics that have been selected are of highinterest in the field. An attempt has been made to expose students to aPrefacebroad range of topics and approachese There are four special chapters that are indirectly related to vehicle dy-amics: Applied Kinematics, Applied Mechanisms, Applied dynamics, andApplied vibrations. These chapters provide the related background to understand vehicle dynamics and its subsystemsOrganization of the bookThe text is organized so it can be used for teaching or for self-studyChapter 1"Fundamentals, "contains general preliminaries about tire andrim with a brief review of road vehicle classificationsPart I"One Dimensional Vehicle Dynamics, " presents forward vehicledynamics, tire dynamics, and driveline dynamics. Forward dynamics refersto weight transfer, accelerating braking, engine performance, and gear ratiodesignPart II"Vehicle Kinematics, presents a detailed discussion of vehiclemechanical subsystems such as steering and suspensionsPart IIT"Vehicle Dynamics, employs Newton and Lagrange methodsto develop the maneuvering dynamics of vehiclesPart Iv "Vehicle Vibrations, presents a detailed discussion of vehi-cle vibrations. An attempt is made to review the basic approaches anddemonstrate how a vehicle can be modeled as a vibrating multiple degreeof-freedom system. The concepts of the Newton-Euler dynamics and La-grangian method are used equally for derivation of equations of motionThe RMS optimization technique for suspension design of vehicles is intro-duced and applied to vehicle suspensions. The outcome of the optimizationtechnique is the optimal stiffness and damping for a car or suspended equipmentMethod of presentationThis book uses a fact-reason-application"structure. The "fact"is themain subject we introduce in each section. Then the reason is given as a" proof. The application of the fact is examined in some examples. Theexamplesare a very important part of the book because they show howto implement the facts. They also cover some other facts that are neededto expand the subjectPrerequisitesSince the book is written for senior undergraduate and first-year graduatelevel students of engineering, the assumption is that users are familiar withmatrix algebra as well as basic dynamics. Prerequisites are the fundamentals of kinematics, dynamics, vector analysis, and matrix theory. Thesebasics are usually taught in the first three undergraduate yearsPrefaceUnit SystemThe system of units adopted in this book is, unless otherwise stated, theinternational system of units(SI). The units of degree(deg)or radian(rad)are utilized for variables representing angular quantitiesSymbolse Lowercase bold letters indicate a vector. Vectors may be expressed inan n dimensional Euclidian space. ExamplerCUppercase bold letters indicate a dynamic vector or a dynamic matrix, such as force and moment. ExampleFo Lowercase letters with a hat indicate a unit vector. Unit vectors arenot bolded. ExampleLowercase letters with a tilde indicate a 3 x 3 skew symmetric matrixassociated to a vector. Examplea3211An arrow above two uppercase letters indicates the start and endpoints of a position vector. ExampleON = a position vector from point o to point Ne The length of a vector is indicated by a non-bold lowercase letterExampleCapital letter B is utilized to denote a body coordinate frame. ExampleB(ocgB(Oxyz)B1(o1x19121)ⅹ11PrefaceCapital letter G is utilized to denote a global, inertial, or fixed coordinate frame. ExampleG(XYZG(OXYZRight subscript on a transformation matrix indicates the departureframes. ExampleRB= transformation matrix from frame B(oxyz)Left superscript on a transformation matrix indicates the destinationframe. ExampleRBtransformation matrix from frame B(o cgz)to frame G(OxYZ)Capital letter R indicates rotation or a transformation matrix, if itshows the beginning and destination coordinate frames. Example0BSIn a0Whenever there is no sub or superscript, the matrices are shown in abracket. ExampleCOS asin a osIn aCOs O0e Left superscript on a vector denotes the frame in which the vectoris expressed. That superscript indicates the frame that the vectorbelongs to; so the vector is expressed using the unit vectors of thatEr= position vector expressed in frame G(OXYZ)Right subscript on a vector denotes the tip point that the vector isreferred to. ExamplePsition vector ofexpressed in coordinate frame G(OXYZ)Right subscript on an angular velocity vector indicates the frame thatthe angular vector is referred to. ExampleB= angularof the body coordinate frame B(oxyz)
- 2020-12-12下载
- 积分：1
