NGSIM使用手册（1）
美国NGSIM系统的使用手册，方便读者高效的利用NGSIM进行数据下载，完成交通领域的研究Technical Report Documentation Page1. Report No2. Government Accession no3. Recipients Catalog NoFHWA-HOP-06-0124. Title and subtitle5. Report DateNext Generation Simulation(NGSIM) Data Format Planly20046. Performing Organization Code7. Author(s8. Performing Organization report noVijay Kovvali, richard margiotta, Robert franc, vassiliAlexiadis9. Performing Organization Name and Address10. Work Unit NoCAMBRIDGE SYSTEMATIC INC150 CAMBRIDGE PARK DRIVE SUITE 400011. Contract or grant noCAMBRIDGE MA 02140DTFH61-02-C-0003612. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address13. Type of Report and Period CoveredDepartment of transportationFinal reportFederal Highway AdministrationJuly 2003-july 2004Office of Acquisition Management14. Sponsoring Agency Code400 Seventh Street SW, RM 4410Washington, DC 2059015. Supplementary notesFHWA COTR: John Halkias, Office of Operations, and James Colyar, Office of Operations r&d16. AbstractThe Next Generation Simulation Program(NGSIM) Data Format Plan was developed to define thestructure, documentation, and transfer requirements for data that will be collected for estimationcalibration, and validation of core behavioral algorithms. The development of the data Format Plan isbased on existing formats that are relevant to ngsim and augmented to fill in gaps. to this end, a reviewof existing data formats was undertaken and their relevance to NGSiM was assessed. The review includeddata standards developed for intelligent transportation systems(ITS), data formats developed specificallyfor traffic simulation models, and data formats developed for broader transportation applications. Thespecified data formats were developed with the objective of promoting efficient research by maintainingonsistency between data collection and research, and providing consistent storage and transmittalprotocols. On the other hand, this plan intentionally avoids over specification of data formats, so as tominimize unnecessary limitations to research. This document specifies the conceptual data model by meansof Unified Modeling Language UMl class diagrams; the data dictionary in the data standard prescribed bP1489-1999 format developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE); the dataexchange structure for data transfer from user to user or from the database/repository to users; and theNGSIM metadata17. Key words1 8. Distribution StatementNext generation simulation, NGSIM, trafficNo restrictions. This document is available to thesimulation, high-level plan, traffic data collection, public through the National Technical Informationvehicle trajectory dataService, Springfield, VA2216119. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No of Pages22. PriceUnclassifiedUnclassifiedForm dot e1700.7(8-72)Reproduction of completed pages authorizedTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1High- Level plan context……垂垂垂垂·着垂垂垂垂非垂·非垂垂看垂音非非;·垂垂音看垂看垂1.2 Background1.3 Data Collection Types……1344581. 4 Data Conversion1.5 Data Formats·····.···············.··.···.·;···..·.··..·.···2.0 NGSIM DATA REQUIREMENTS22 Microsimulation Software Data format,…………172.1 NGSIM Data…192.3 Rcquirements for NgsiM data Collection..................193.0 RECOMMENDED NGSIM DATA FORMATS..m. 233.1 NGSIM Data model233.2 NGSIM Data Dictionary……………243.3 NGSIM Metadata.............................253.4 NGSIM Data Exchange Format273.5 File and Directory Naming Convention……293.6 Summary30REFERENCES31APPENDIX A-REVIEW OF EXISTING TRANSPORTATION DATA FORMATS3APPENDIX B-ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS FOR NGSIM DATACOLLECTION,45APPENDIX C-DATA MODEL∴….,,53APPENdIXD-DATA DICTIONARY.APPENDIX E-METADATA. ...........................................................................................99APPENdIX F-SYSTEM-STATE DATA看香音看音香n117List of FiguresFigure 1 Diagram. NGSIM task interdependencies4Figure2. Diagran. Data format classification relevant to ngsim1………Figure 3. Diagram. Top level data model of general traffic simulation55Figure4. Diagram. Influencing factors database packages………………56Figure 5. Diagram. Behavioral models packages57Figure6. Diagran. Facility type generalization…………18Figure 7. Diagram. Traffic management systems generalization......59Figure 8. Diagram. Transit management systems generalizationFigure9. Diagran. nvironment generalization.………………………0Figure 10. Diagram NTCIP Controller class diagram61Figure 11 Diagram Actuated traffic signal controller generalization2Figure12 Diagram. Generalized microsimulation data model………………63Figure 13 Diagram Data concept components and constructs(IEEE Std 1489-1999)66List of tablesTable 1. Example validation data by algorithm categoryTable 2. Summary of NGSiM categorizations for data formatsTable 3. Accuracy requirements for vehicle trajectory data. ..45Table 4. Accuracy requirements for instrumented vehicle data.........46Table 5. Accuracy requirements for wide-area detector data......... 47Table 6. Accuracy requirements for nctwork-rclated data48Table 7. Accuracy requirements for representative transportation managementsystems data52Table 8. Terminology for UMLmodeler54Table 9. Data dictionary for NgSim.67Table 10 processing documentation metadata for ngsimwwwwwm116Table1l. Requisite vehicle trajectory data…………………………117Table 12. requisite wide-area detector data requirements……118EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Next Generation Simulation Program(NGsim) Data Format plan was developed todefine the structure, documentation, and transfer requirements for data that will be col-lected for estimation, calibration, and validation of core behavioral algorithms. Thedevelopment of the data format plan is based on existing formats that are relevant toNGSIM and augmented to fill in gaps. To this end, a review of existing data formats wasundertaken and their relevance to ngsim was assessed. The review included data standards developed for intelligent transportation systems (ITS), data formats developed spe-cifically for traffic simulation models and data formats developed for broader transporta-tion applications. The specified data formats were developed with the objective of pro-moting efficient research by maintaining consistency between data collection andresearch, and providing consistent storage and transmittal protocols. On the other handthis plan intentionally avoids overspecification of data formats, so as to minimize unnecessary limitations to researchFour data format components were specified in this document, including: 1)data model,2)data dictionary, 3 )metadata, and 4) data exchange formatNGSIM Data Model- The conceptual data model for NGSIM data formats is pre-sented by means of Unified Modeling Language() class diagrams. Used in con-junction with the data dictionary, the data model allows for construction of a formaldatabase/repository for NGSIM validation dataNGSIM Data Dictionary This provides definition of individual data elementsrequired by NGsim. It follows the data standard prescribed by P1489-1999 formatdeveloped by the Institutc of Elcctrical and Electronics Engineers(ieee)NGSIM Data Exchange Format- The data cxchange structure dcfincs how datashould be transferred from user to user or from the database /repository to users. Thisdocument specifies the framework for developing data exchange formats by providingthe data model and the data dictionary; it also provides clear guidance on the formatstandards with which the data exchange format should conform Currently it doesnot provide specific schema for the data exchange formatsNGSIM Metadata- This includes both traditional metadata(definitions, specificationsand valid value lists for data elements and general information about the dataset andits availability); and processing metadata(what has happened to the data from data col-lection to data archival). Administrative metadata formats were adapted fromContent Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata(FGDC-STD-001-1998), developedby the Federal Geographic Data Committee(FGDC). Recommendations for NGSiMprocessing metadata are based on the guidance provided in ASTM E2259-03, devel-oped by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTm)1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe objectives of the NGsim program include the followingDevelopment of a core set of open behavioral algorithms in support of traffic simulation with a primary focus on microscopic modelingCollection of extensive data that will be used for estimation calibration and validationof the core behavioral algorithms; and storing the data in a repository that can be uni-versally accessedThe High-Level Plan for DatasetsTask E3)identified different kinds of traffic data col-lection methods and technologies and recommended three kinds of data collection effortsfor ngsim, including vehicle trajectory data wide area detector data and instrumentedvehicle dataThis report Task F)presents the documentation, format structure, and transfer requirements for the ngsim data formats for these data collection efforts identified in task e3This report is organized as followsExecutive Summary -Provides an executive summary of this documentSection1.0-Provides an overview and introduction to this report, including the con-text of the data format plan within NGsIM, information on NGsim data collection anddata types, information on data conversion, general information on data formats, anda summary of available transportation data formats and their relevance for ngsimSection 2.0-Presents definitions and categorization for different data types, and pro-vides ngsim data requirementsSection 3.0-Presents data format recommendations for the NGsim program,including a data model, data elements for the data dictionary, metadata to describe thedata collection effort and data exchange formatsReferences-Presents references used in developing this data format planAppendix a-Presents a review of existing transportation data formatsAppendix B-Presents accuracy requirements for NGSiM data collectionAppendix C- Presents a UML representation of the ngsim data modelAppendix D-Presents a high-level NGSIM data dictionaryAppendix E- Presents metadata categories, dictionary, and recommended metadataformats for ngsim1.1 HIGH-LEVEL PLAN CONTEXTInterdependencies among NGSIM tasks are shown in figure 1. The High-Level Plan forDatasets(Task E. 3) presents an assessment of existing datasets of potential use for NGSIM,and makes recommendations on the focus for nGsim data collection methodologies. Thisreport on the data Format Plan task f) provides recommendations on the data exchangeformat(s) for NGSIM data collection efforts. The data formats are also influenced by theHigh-Level Verification and Validation Plan(task e 2)Task E 1-1Core algorithmAssessmentTask e,3Task e.1-2Task e2High-LevelCore AlgorithmHigh-Level Verificationlan for DatasetsPlanandⅤ alidation planTask eData format planFigure 1 Diagram. NGSIM task interdependencies.1.2 BACKGROUNDThe NGSiM field data collection effort pursues data required for developing, estimating,calibrating and validating traffic behavioral algorithms. Tactical route execution, opera-tional driving, and en-route strategic traveler behaviors were identified as the focus of theNGSIM core behavioral algorithm research in the identification and prioritization of coreAlgorithms Task D)report. The High-Level Verification and Validation Plan(task e2)provides an example of the data collection datasets for each algorithm category as shownin table 1. the table illustrates the extent over which data must be collected for each levelof algorithm. For example, for operational driving algorithms, a single stretch of roadwayon a freeway will likely be sufficient, while, for development of tactical driving algo-rithms, the data collection effort should be expanded to include the freeway section andmultiple entry and exit ramps that feed the freeway. The data formats developed in thisplan address the data, both static and dynamic, that are pertinent to the data collectionefforts necessary for developing and validating all three categories of driver behavioralalgorithms4
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Mimics17中文培训手册.pdf
这本培训手册是为了帮助用户顺利地开始Mimics软件的使用而编写的，并不能够代替Materialise公司提 供的培训。 这本培训手册在不同的练习中使用了 Mimics 17.0 的模块，如果没有相关模块的使用权无法完成练习。 请注意: 这本培训手册的使用以熟悉Windows系统操作技能为前提Materialise software目录Mmcs培训手册公告BBBB暑 NeAA日品EB园 8NaNANOEN冒品 RaRE曹BB总BBBB即总 98D6NNENnAMms0筒介Mimics模块导入图像5练1.导人如imap图像6练习2:导入DCOM图像…导航&项目管理器,77是BBB品B日BB日B品 0n00EDdD自2B日出BBBB自BBB目B自BBB国BBB即D日BBD国国练习,导航2仟务1.一键导航、放大缩小、平移…12任务2.快捷键的使用…13任务3帮助文档练习2.项日管理器,…14任务1.熟悉项目管理器的使用.14任务2.视窗操作.14任务3.体渲染15/测量工具9练习1.测量工只20任务1.距离测量.20任务2.角度测量任务3.测量的导出着国面21任务4.密度测量.21练习2.剖面线练习3.评注22基本阈值分割&三维模型操作,,25练习1.能部的分割.26任务1阈值分割(使用剖面线任务2.计算三维模型27任务3.区城增长28练习2.分离动脉…网值法任务1.阙值分割(使用剖面线)和区域增长30任务3.计算三维模型.…练习3.分离动脉∥33动态区域增长法33任务1.动态区域增长…33练习4.三维导航团道任务1.一键导航、敖大缩小、移、旋转……35任务2.使用快捷方式进行导疽.36练↓5.从骨盆上分离脊推37练习6.三维工具……40练习7.提取膝关#443D性套索功能任务1:使用3D磁性套索提取胫骨导出功能www.materialise.comMaterialise China- 1803, No 800, DongfangRoad-Shanghai-Chinamimics@materialise.com.cnMaterialisedriving your innovations米Materialise software练习1.导出切层50任务1.导出DCOM任务2.导出BMP.50任务3.导出电影.50练习2.导出S752高级分割53练习1.分离脑组织…任务1.修剪感兴趣的区域…….54任务2.形态学操作:消蚀.….55任务3.在三维视下编辑mask.57任务4.形态学操作:膨胀…57仟务5.千动编辑59任务6.多层编辑…60MedcADB即即BB身总BDB即原总自D即国B国即即DBB即 anDOng90且BBBD63练习1.通过多义线拟合球体练习2.通过多义线拟合表面66任务1.拟合股骨主干的表面任务2.拟合大转了的表面67练习3动脉中心线69任务1计算中心线9任务2.中心线测量70仟务3.中心线末端切面∴71任务4.分支分组仟务5.对控制点的操作…72于术模拟…74练习1.使用多义下面切割练习2.植入体评价练习3调整入体的位练习4评价骨量179FEA…,,n,,,n,n82练习1.股骨的网格优化83任务1.打开网格优化器…83任务2.股骨的几何简化83任务3.检查网格.……,85任务4优化三均片质量任冬5.生成体网格……∴88练小2.赋材质……90练3.并流形装配.97任务1.创建非流形装配91仟务2.优化网格93任务3.创建体K格.95仟务4.分离非流型装配以及导出网格文件恭喜您98Mimics nnovation Suite用户俱乐部98www.materialise.comMaterialise China- 1803, No 800, DongfangRoad-Shanghai-Chinamimics@materialise.com.cnMaterialisedriving your innovations米Materialise softwareMmis简介Mimics是一个迕接二维图像数据(CT,MRl,工业扫描数据.)和三维工程学应用的图像处理工具。应用领域包括:解剖学测量、三维分析、有限元分析(FEA)、客制化植入体或装置设计、加法制造(也被称为维打印)以及手术计划和模拟通过使用 Mimics的图像分割方法,用户能够从医学数据中选择特点的感兴趣区域,将结果计算成精确的三维模型。Mimics的功能模垬为用户提供了其它应用领域的接口。这意味着 Mimics的功能可以方便的根据用户的需要进行组合。另外, Mimics是 Mimics innovation suite的一部分,这一套装也包括了3mabc0。在套装中, Mimics被用来生成精确的三维模型,之后3-ma加被用来在解剖学模型的基础上进行设计和网格操作。因比3-ma极大稈度的扩展了 Mimics在基于解剖数据的工程学方面的应用的可能性Mimics被广泛的应用在骨科、颌面外科以及心血管行业的学术及商业硏究领域Mimics的主要优势:Mimics界面友好容易掌握。快遮的分割工具(基于阈值和轮廓)和精确的三维计算保证了快捷的取道精细的三维模型Mimics在|sO环境下开发,只有CE和FDA市场认证Mimics基于市场要求持续开发,每年有两个版本的更新。当 Mimics和3- matic被联合应用时,用户可以直接在STL文件的基础上进行设计和网格操作尤需逆向工程。这使用户可以:基于解剖数据改进植入体o设计客制化的植入体和手术导板● Mimics的开发商 Materialise是创新软件和加法制造技术的世界领跑者。www.materialise.comMaterialise China- 1803, No 800, DongfangRoad-Shanghai-Chinamimics@materialise.com.cnMaterialisedriving your innovations米Materialise softwarem/模块Mimics包括多个模块。下方的图片给出了基础模块与功能模块之间的链接,以及)要的应用领域。ImportMimics @Innovation SuiteExportMimicsFEAMedCADSurgicalRP-sliceSimulationCAD3- matic②MATLAB BImpartsStatisticestanPoint cloudAnalysisEngineeringPoint cloudManufacturing(RP/CAMywww.materialise.comMaterialise China- 1803, No 800, DongfangRoad-Shanghai-Chinamimics@materialise.com.cnMaterialisedriving your innovations米Materialise software导入图像这一章的练习公帮助您了解如何导入bmp图像以夂对图像尺寸进行修改如何自动导入D|COM数据■确认图像方向注意Mimics不仅支持 Dicom格式数据,而且能够直接导入扫描原始数据。这些数据可以通过硬盈、光盘或磁盘导入。 Mimics也支持BMP,JPEG以及TFF格式文件的导入。源文件可以通过在 importwizard的第一步选择, force manual import"的方式手动导入在开始之前保证您已经安装了培训数据 Training Data2011.eXe、头影测量数据库以及牵引器数据库。您可以在培训光盘中找到这些安装程序。www.materialise.comMaterialise China- 1803, No 800, DongfangRoad-Shanghai-Chinamimics@materialise.com.cnMaterialisedriving your innovations米Materialise software练习1.导入bma图像从主工具栏中选择 new project wizardSelet the media or files tha contain the images x irpotDICOM Input Application (D-AFavoritesDriversIrldyeRuuLaMedDataA.UDotascts山 extra datasetsImportTEST. RTTMAPD DICOM簧 Add : o feveritearget folder: 3: SUpportRobert Atwooda mercer aw inport show Import logCarTEl2.浏览 Training Data文件夹( CMed DataTraining Data),选择 BITMAP文件夹。点击Mex3.在 Image properties窗口标示出扫描分辨率。像素大小为256μm,层距为4mm。然后选择Mexwww.materialise.comMaterialise China- 1803, No 800, DongfangRoad-Shanghai-Chinamimics@materialise.com.cnMaterialisedriving your innovations米Materialise softwareNew project w zardMcnary ncad=d (conmprc33cc/uncomprcaacd): 128 Mb/256 Mb Mcrory availzbc: 20E2 Mbv7023277sia+S vL_/62341/b_akIa +000.8(-J00 bmpv70234770ad+00160-00v76234776axi+00200-00.mv76237681+002C00bm画7.8C- 00.hmnv762]4768i5+00360-00.brpv/6234baxa+004-.mpv7624776ai+048C-hrmnvi70234770ad+002C-00uv76234776ai110056C00.bmv7623763x8+0060000mp76)3x776xia+0-0mp画w70234770did+008C-00Jmp烟v762]4768+00720-00mp1A1,∩ nTEr nn LSorting orde- custom-15775sh?informatonK701∞Y7z40mnkmPatent name n/a□ Forcc sotropi: samplingrebate n/o4.在下个窗口 Edit images,您可以涠过调节图像周围的线框的大小来对该项目进行修剪。dit imag esf vol maco/caac #l ixel mappingMin X 30x MaK< X 51Min Y 115MinZ o px Msx Z 511 psInput: 512* 512 x :12 Output 182x 213x 51?100, JUUUOUPlxel sze:1.fUlllt:1Skip mages: JInput: 402? Outut: 402x 21Jx512www.materialise.comMaterialise China- 1803, No 800, DongfangRoad-Shanghai-Chinamimics@materialise.com.cnMaterialisedriving your innovations米Materialise software5.在这个窗口,您也可以编辑像素映射图的属性。完成编辑后,点击Mex6.在方向窗口标示出图像的方向。点击OK打开 Mimics项目,您就可以开始进行图像分割了!Check orientationverify if the proposed or entatior is correctDizor mage orien ation: xXXCurrent orientationR吕T0BA□Risht-dick on an orientation character to chance it.OK Cancel Hepwww.materialise.comMaterialise China- 1803, No 800, DongfangRoad-Shanghai-Chinamimics@materialise.com.cnMaterialisedriving your innovations米
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