贝叶斯网络学习、推理与应用
专门讲贝叶斯网络学习的书籍，很经典，需要学习的可以下载图书在版编目(CIP)数据贝叶斯网络学习推理与应用王双成著.一上海:立信会计出版社,20102lsBN978-754292470-4I.①贝…Ⅱ.①王….①贝叶斯推断Ⅳ①0212中国版本图书馆CP数据核字(2010)第07142号责任编辑赵志梅封面设计周祟文贝叶斯网络学习、推理与应用出版发行立信会计出版社地址上海市中山西路2230号邮政编码20035电话(021)64411389传真(021)644125网址www.lirinaph.comE-mail kaph@ sh163 net网上书店www.shl-.netTel:(021)6411071经销各地新华书店印刷上海申松立信印刷有限责任公司开本890毫米X1240毫米/32印张9375字数254千字版次2010年2月第1版印次2010年2月第1次书号IsBN978-7-54292470-4/0定价20.00元如有印订差错,请与本社联系调换内容简介贝叶斯网络是概率理论与图形理论的结合,围绕的一个基本问题是联合概率计算。基于贝叶斯网络可进行联合概率的条件和边缘分解从而有效降低运算复杂性并解决与联合概率计算有关的一系列向题。贝叶斯网络已在许多领域得到了广泛的应用,是不确定性知识表示和推理的有力工具。本书按照贝叶斯网络基础、学习、推理、集成和应用的框架介绍贝叶斯网络的相关理论、方法和算法,有助于读者对贝叶斯网络理论体系的认识和理解,可供相关专业的高年级本科生、研究生和科研人员学习与参考贝叶斯网络( Bayesian networks)是描述随机变量之间依赖关系的图形模式,被广泛用于不确定性问题的智能化求解。它具有多功能性、有效性和开放性(是一个能够集成其它智能技术与数据处理方法的平台)等特征,能够有效地转化数据为知识(具有形象直观的知识表示形式),并利用这些知识进行推理(具有类似于人类思维的推理方式),以解决分析、预测和控制等方面的问题。其有效性已在风险管理、信息融合、医疗诊断、系统控制和生物信息分析等许多领域得到验证。自从20世纪80年代后期加利福尼亚大学计算机科学系 Pearl(1988)给出贝叶斯网络的严格定义并创建贝叶斯网络基础理论体系以来,贝叶斯网络获得了长足的发展。这些研究主要从贝叶斯网络学习推理、集成和应用四个方面展开,出现了许多经典的方法和算法,也解决了大量的实际问题。本书共分五个部分。第一部分是贝叶斯网络基础,包插第1、第2、第3章。第1章介绍在贝叶斯网络研究中经常使用的一些概率公式和方法。第2章从概率模式、图形模式和它们之间联系的视角简要阐述贝叶斯网络的基础理论。第3章绐出贝叶斯网络学习和推理中可能用到的一些量化方法和标准第二部分是贝叶斯网络学习,包括第4章至第10章。这儿章分别从具有完整数据、丢失数据、隐藏变量、连续变量、噪声和小数据集等情况给出了一系列贝叶斯网络学习方法,以及随环境变化的贝叶斯网络更新算法。第三部分是贝叶斯网络推理,包括第11、第12章。第11章从贝叶斯网络信念更新和信念修正两个方面简要介绍经典的准确和近似推贝叶斯劂络学习、推瑰与应用理方法。第12章给出一系列贝叶斯网络分类器(分类预测推理)。第四部分是贝叶斯网络集成,包括第13章至第16章。这几章介绍将贝叶斯网络与因果理论、决策理论、可能理论和时序过程相结合而得到的因果贝叶斯网络、决策贝叶斯网络(影响图)、可能贝叶斯网络(可能网)和动态贝叶斯网络。第五部分是贝叶斯网络应用,包括第17、笫18章。第17章介绍基于贝叶斯网络的聚类分析方法。第18章给出贝叶斯网络在预警和评估等方面的应用。本书是作者在多年从事贝叶斯网络研究基础上整理而成的,其撰写和出版得到国家自然科学基金(60675036)、上海市教委重点学科基金(51702)和上海市教委科研创新重点项目(09z202)的资助。王双成2009年11月于上海立信会计学院录第一部分贝叶斯网络基础第1章概率论基础1.1概率计算公式1.2贝叶斯方法33561.3贝叶斯概率音要鲁要是音音吾辛音晋晋费音省普辛音萨自即鲁音普鲁香备善鲁曹普辛鲁曹曹鲁鲁第2章贝叶斯网络基础理论…2.1概率模式中的条件独立性2.2图形模式中的d- separation性102.3条件独立性与d- separation性之间的联系…2.4贝叶斯网络基本定理……122.5贝叶斯网络模型…………………………122.6变量之间基本依赖关系和结点之间基本结构……………14第3章常用的检验方法和评价标准153.1变量之间依赖关系检验…153.2贝叶斯网络结构常用打分标准…183.3分类准确性评价标准…………243.4贝叶斯网络学习可靠性评价标准…28第二部分贝叶斯网络学习第4章具有完整数据的贝叶斯网络学习314.1基于打分搜索的贝叶斯网络结构学习……………………312贝叶斯网络学习、推理与应用4.2基于依赖分析的贝叶斯网络结构学习36第5章具有丢失数据的贝叶斯网络学习…………455.1基于近似打分搜索的结构学习………455.2基于 Gibbs sampling和依赖分析的贝叶斯网络结构学习…音非垂48第6章具有隐藏变量的贝叶斯网络学习是·音音曹面喜鼻口要音·面鲁要普鲁看豪556.1不考虑隐藏变量的贝叶斯网络结构和道德图学习………556.2发现隐藏变量6.3确定隐藏变量取值和维数…………………………………586.4确定局部结构……606.5实验与分析………………………………………60第7章具有连续变量的贝叶斯网络学习D看口637.1不离散化连续变量的贝叶斯网络学习……637.2离散化连续变量的贝叶斯网络学习…66第8章具有噪声的贝叶斯网络学习…………788.1噪声平滑方法……798.2噪声平滑过程………………………808.3实验与分析82第9章小数据集贝叶斯网络学习…………………879.1小数据集贝叶斯网络结构学习……889.2小数据集贝叶斯网络多父结点参数的修复……96第10章贝叶斯网络更新学习看看dt10.1贝叶斯网络增量学习…●鲁···。靳鲁鲁毒●毒。鲁鲁■。音啬·最番着着鲁音音·自啬10310.2贝叶斯网络适应性学习………1410第三部分贝叶斯网络推理第11章贝叶斯网络基本推理11711.1统计推断……………………11711.2贝叶斯网络中的信念更新………………………11911.3贝叶斯网络中的信念修正………132第12章贝叶斯网络分类推理p由要中。;中叠鲁量。自·申中··画电·13612.1贝叶斯分类器…13712.2朴素贝叶斯分类器…14012.3广义朴素贝叶斯分类器……s14412.4TAN分类器………14612.5贝叶斯网络分类器…15312.6基于类约束的贝叶斯网络分类器………15612.7基于贝叶斯网络的特征子集选择要鲁费鲁量要鲁卧电香曹15812.8分类器的训练与泛化………………………………17212.9基于贝叶斯网络的联合预测………………………174第四部分贝叶斯网络集成第13章因果贝叶斯网络;音p即曹看最看晋看看看面画哥垂晶最音是看语音西卣垂17713.1单连通因果网学习s…………17813.2基于依赖分析的因果贝叶斯网络结构学习番备普最看啬■曹音音番春17813.3基于结点排序和局部打分-搜索的因果贝叶斯网络结构学习18513.4因果贝叶斯网络参数学习……18813.5基于贝叶斯网络的因果知识表示………………18913.6因果量化分析189第14章决策贝叶斯网络l914贝叶斯网络学习、箍理与应用14.1影响图的构成19114.2影响图的基本变换和最优决策…画·垂画画……19214.3影响图举例…………………………193第15章可能贝叶斯网络…19815.1可能网的概念鲁非鲁中·中鲁鲁·普西·鲁善鲁鲁善善申善鲁曹鲁鲁善善@·售鲁善鲁鲁登要19815.2可能网结构学习……202第16章动态贝叶斯网络……………………………20416.1一般动态贝叶斯网络20416.2具有平稳性和马尔可夫性假设约束的动态贝叶斯网络…20516.3几种特殊的动态贝叶斯网络………………………………21016.4动态贝叶斯网络分类器…………………………211第五部分贝叶斯网络应用第17章贝叶斯网络用于聚类分析………………21717.1离散数据聚类………………21717.2自动混合数据聚类— AutoClass…22217.3基于 Gibbs sampling的混合数据聚类225第18章贝叶斯网络用于预测23518.1经济周期波动转折点预测…23518.2风险预警23618.3风险评估…244附录常用贝叶斯网络…………………………………………250参考文献270
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Principles of Mobile Communication Third Edition
Gordon L. Stüber著，为英文原文第三版。其第二版已经翻译成中文，即为移动通信原理（第二版），由电子工业出版社出版，但翻译水平很差。Gordon L. StuberPrinciples of mobileCommunicationThird edition② SpringerGordon L. StuberGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta gaUSAstuber @ece gatech. eduISBN978-1-4614-0363-0e-ISBN978-1-46140364-7DOI10.1007/978-1-46140364-7Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg londonLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2011934683C Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2002, 2011All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the writtenpermission of the publisher(Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use inconnection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer softwareor by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbiddenThe use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they arenot identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subjectto proprietary rightsPrinted on acid-free paperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+businessMedia(www.springer.com)To Alana, our son nickolasmy father lothar Stuiberand my late mother Beatrice stiiberPrefacePrinciples of Mobile Communication, third edition, is a major revision of thesecond edition. Like its earlier editions, this book provides a mathematicallyrigorous overview of physical layer wireless communications. The basic pedagogicmethodology is to include fully detailed derivations from first principles. The text isintended to provide enough principle material to guide the novice student, whilit the same time having plenty of detailed material to satisfy graduate studentsinclined to pursue research in the area. The book is intended to stress the principlesof wireless communications that are applicable to a wide array of wireless standardsIt is intended to serve as a textbook and reference for graduate students, and a usefulreference for practicing engineersOrganization of the bookChapter 1 begins with an overview that is intended to introduce a broad array ofissues relating to wireless communications. Included is a brief description of theevolution of various wireless standards, the basic concepts of cellular frequencyreuse, the land mobile radio propagation environment, link budgets, and coverageand capacity of cellular radio systemsChapter 2 provides an extensive treatment of radio propagation, since goodunderstanding of the physical wireless channel is essential for the developmentand deployment of wireless systems. The chapter begins with a treatment ofthe narrow-band faded envelope for conventional fixed-to-mobile channels foundin cellular radio systems, mobile-to-mobile channels found in mobile ad henetworks, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels where multipleantennas are used at both the transmitter and receiver to achieve high capacity afterconsidering the narrow-band channel, we consider the statistical treatment of wide-band channels. The emulation of wireless channels is essential for the developmentand testing of wireless systems, and the chapter provides a detailed discussion ofchannel simulation techniques. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion ofshadowing and path loss models for land mobile radio environmentsPreraceChapter 3 provides a detailed treatment of co-channel interference which is therimary impairment in spectrally efficient cellular frequency reuse systems. Veryoften the receivers in such systems are affected by multiple co-channel interferersand the probability distribution of the total interfering power is considered. Thchapter also considers the link outage performance due to co-channel interferencein a variety of wireless environmentsChapter 4 covers the various types of modulation schemes that are used in mobilecommunication systems along with their spectral characteristics. The chapter beginswith the mathematical representation of bandpass modulated signals, along withNyquist pulse shaping. Later, a large variety of modulation schemes used in wirelesssystems are considered, including both single-carrier and multi-carrier modulation,and both linear and nonlinear modulation techniques This is followed by a treatmentof the power density spectrum of modulated signals. Although quite mathematicalin nature, power spectrum is an important topic, since wireless systems are requiredto operate within a specified out-of-band emission maskChapter 5 discusses the error probability performance of various digital modulation schemes on narrow-band fat fading channels. The performance is evaluatedwith a variety of receiver structures, including coherent detectors, differentialcoherent detectors and noncoherent detectorsChapter 6 includes a treatment of multi-antenna techniques for combatingenvelope fading. The chapter includes a discussion of various diversity combiningtechniques for coherent, differentially coherent, and noncoherent receiver detectionof signals on fading channels with additive white gaussian noise. also consideredis optimal combining which is effective when the primary additive impairment isco-channel interference rather than noise. Finally, the chapter considers the use ofmultiple antennas at the transmitter in the context of classical beam-forming andtransmit diversityChapter 7 provides an extensive treatment of digital signaling on intersymbolinterference(ISI) channels that are typical of broadband land mobile radio systemsThe chapter begins with the characterization of Isi channels and goes on todiscuss techniques for combating ISI based on symbol-by-symbol equalization andsequence estimation. Later, error probability for maximum likelihood sequenceestimation is considered. The chapter concludes with a discussion of co-channeldemodulation for the purpose of mitigating co-channel interference on Isi channelsChapter 8 covers error control coding techniques for wireless systems. Thechapter begins with a discussion of basic block coding including space-time blockcodes Convolutional coding is considered next along with the Viterbi and BCJRalgorithms for decoding convolutional codes, followed by trellis coded modulationThe chapter then provides a detailed discussion on the design and performanceanalysis of convolutional and trellis codes for awgn channels, and interleaved fatfading channels, and fading isi channels. Later, space-time trellis codes are treatedand the chapter concludes with Turbo codinChapter 9 is devoted to spread spectrum techniques The chapter begins with anintroduction to direct sequence and frequency hop spread spectrum. This is followedy a detailed treatment of spreading sequences. Also included is a discussionPrefaceof the effects of tone interference on direct sequence spread spectrum, and theRAKE receiver performance on wide-band channels. The chapter wraps up witha discussion of cdma multiuser detectionChapter 10 is devoted to multi-carrier techniques. It considers the performanceof ofdm on frequency-selective channels and considers the effect of residualISI and problem of residual ISI cancellation. Later, the chapter examines singlecarrier frequency-domain equalization(SC-FDE)techniques. This is followed by atreatment of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)on both theforward and reverse links. The chapter concludes with a discussion of single-carrierfrequency division multiple acceSs (SC-FDMA)Chapter 11 considers frequency planning techniques for cellular systems. Thechapter begins with a discussion of cell sectoring, cell splitting, and reuse partition-ing. Later, the chapter considers radio planning for OFDMa cellular systems. Thisis followed by hierarchical overlay/underlay architectures based on cluster planningFinally, the chapter wraps up with macrodiversity TDMA cellular architecturesChapter 12 considers CDMa considers CDMA cellular systems, consideringtopics such as capacity and power control This is followed by a discussion ofhierarchical macrodiversity CDMa architectures and their performanceChapter 13 is devoted to cellular radio resource management. The chapter beginswith an introduction to basic hard and soft handoff. Later, the chapter considers theimportant problem of link quality evaluation, including signal strength averaging,velocity estimation, and velocity adaptive hard handoff algorithms later, a detailedanalysis of hard and soft handoff is provided. Finally, the chapter wraps up withmethods for estimating received carrier-to-interference plus noise ratio(CINR)The Appendix includes a brief and focused tutorial discussion of probabilityand random processes. A good understanding of the material in the Appendix isessential, since the concepts are widely used throughout the textUSing This Book for InstructionThe book has been developed from a graduate-level course on physical wirelesscommunications that I have taught at Georgia Tech since 1993. Normally, I prefera graduate-level course in digital communications as a prerequisite for this courseHowever, such a prerequisite may be waived to the extent that there is extensivebackground material in each chapter. A course may cover the introductory materialin each chapter and skip the more specialized material. In my own classes, I alwaystry to judge the mathematical level of the students early and adapt accordinglyThe book obviously contains far too much material to be taught in a onesemester course. However, i believe that it can serve as a suitable text in mostsituations through the appropriate instructor selection of background sections. Myown preference for a one semester course is to include the following material inorder: Chap. 1, Chap 2(skipping the more advanced material), and the first twosections of Chap 3. In moving to modulation waveforms in Chap. 4, an instructormay have to treat/assume basic signal-space representation. However, most students
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