过程控制锅炉汽包水位模糊PID控制的LabVIEW仿真
锅炉汽包水位模糊PID控制的LabVIEW仿真ScientificResearchSystem Simulation Technology Application (Volume 13)Table 1. Rule list of fuzzy control of Kp据、结果显示。当运行程序时,只有前面板出现在计表1.K模糊控制规则表算机的屏幕上,作为虚拟仪器和用户的接口。与其他E仿真语言相比,除了能在 Labview软件中方便地使ECNB NM NS ZO PS PM PB用PID工具包进行模糊PID控制器设计外,在仿真过NB PBPB PMPM PS Z0 ZO程中还能实现对仿真参数的动态修改,只要按照要求NMPB PM PSPS ZO NS在前面板上写入相应的控制参数,便可以进行参数动Ns PPs ZO态修改,相应的更新结果可由前面板以多种方式显小ZO PM PM PS ZO NS NM N出来并可以数据文件形式保存。使仿真过程变得更加PSPSPS ZO NSNS NMNM灵活、便捷。本文所用的前面板如图4所示。PM PS ZO NS NM NⅥNMNBPB ZO ZO NMNM NM NBNB4基于LabⅤIEW的模糊PID控制系统设计美国NI( National Instruments)公司的LabⅤILW口回6,A·逦是基于数据流的图形化编程语言G的开发环境,是仪器控制与数据采集的编程平台,能快速构建实现交互控制系统的图形用户界面,并且它与测量、自动化硬 Figure3. Flow chart of drum water level control system件紧密的结合,具冇完善的数据采集、信号分析和信图3.汽包水位控制系统仿真流程图息显示的解决方案。 LabVIEW中的PD工具包(PIDToolkit提供∫一个完整的模糊控制设计系统,包括:汽包水裨制实验·模糊逻辑控制器设计子程序( Fuzzy Logic Con-roller Design):提供一个友好的图形用户界面(GUI),可以直观地设计和修改模糊控制器的水过低圣汽流量Fe的艰属函数、规则库、推理规则和去模糊方法等等。●」售定设计的结果保存在一个以结尾的文件中,应用冷水入口当诞0程序就谴用此文件。主PTD模糊控制器子程序( Fuzzy Controller.ⅵ):作为程在■a2序的个功能模块(函数),用于在应用程序中实现模糊控制算法。调入控制器子程序( Load Fuzzy Controller.ⅵ)E四常数56将fs文件调入应用稈序功能模块,将指定文件的Figure 4.The front panel of drum level control systemPID参数加载到应用程序的模糊控制器中。图4.汽包水位控制系统前面板框图软件设计由两部分组成,即前面板和流程图。在前面板,用输入控件( Contro)来实现参数的输入,参为了说明该控制策略相对其他控制方法的优越数的显示和程序运行的结果由输出控件( ndicator来性生,同时作了锅炉汽包水位系统常规串级PD控制的完成。流程图是完成程序功能的图形化源代码,通过仿真研究,其外回路和内国路均采用PD控制器,其对控件设置合适的参数和连线建立控制系统。采用模PID控制器的算法为糊PID控制的带前馈的串级三冲量控制系统的流程图u(t)=k,,(e+T Gedt+ la dr)如图3所示。式中:ε为设定值与探制过程返回量之间的偏差,基于 LabView开发的程序面板具有良好的人机K为比例增益,T为积分时间常数,Ta为微分时间常互动的风格,使用简单。前面板提供了丰富的图形控数,u(为控制器输出量。根据图3,设置PID控制器件,可以模拟传统仪器工作方式,在前面板上放置所的参数为K=3、T=150以及a4。两种控制方式的控需要的控件和指示器,实现仪器控制以及较直观的数制效果如图5所示。978-1-935068-81-5c2011 SirEs40o1994-2012cHinaAcademicJournalElectronicpUblishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.netScientifieSystem Simulation Technology Application( Volume 13)° Researcl从图5(a)可以看出,在无扰动情况下,采用普通差,而普通PID则在扰动过大的时候则无法做到这PID进行控制超调量约有30%,而采用模糊PID控制点。在汽包水位的控制过程中,通过在不同时刻施加则将超调量控制在10%以内,并且模糊PD控制更能不同扰动,其阶跃响应图显示岀模糊PD控制都要优有效地减少上升时间与调节时间;在初始状态有扰动于普通的PID控制,对锅炉汽包所存在的“虚假水位的情况下如图5(b)和5(c),模糊PID均比普通PID控控制得更好,达到更令人满意的效果。因此,采用模制具有更小的超调量及更短的调节时间;在第一次稳糊Pυ控制策略比常规P控制策略具有较好的调节定后施加两种扰动时如图5(d所示,模糊PID相比普品质以及较强的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力,而且能在对象通PID不仅响应快,超调小,更有效地消除了稳态误模型失配的情况下表现出较强的适应能力。设定值直世D(a)无扰动(b)加入10%蒸汽扰动(c)加入20给水扰动(d第一次稳定后施加两种扰动Figure 5. Curve: Unit step response of different disturbance图5.不同扰动下的单位阶跃响应曲线5结束语Steam Generator[],Journal of System Simulation, 2004, 16(10)P450-453.提出了使用 Labview构建模糊控制器进行锅炉刘红军,韩璞,工东风,锅炉汽包水位系统 DMC-PID串级控制仿真研究[,系统仿真学报,204,16(10),P450-453汽包八位控制的仿真研究,通过比较两种控制方式,[41 XU Chun-mci, ZHANG Haol, YANG Ping, Nonlincar pid-Pcascade control for boiler drum level [J]. East China Electric可以看出对于锅炉汽包水位,采用模糊PID控制在上Power:2009,37(5),P838~84升时间、超调量、调节时间等控制性能都要优于普通凃春梅,张浩,杨平汽包水位串级二冲量非线性PID控制系统[,华东电力,2009,37(5):838~84PⅠD控制。基于 LabVIew语言采用流程图形式开发的51Chul-lIwan Jung, et al. A real-time self-tuning fuzzy controller应用程序,具有良好的人机交互界面,形象直观的控through scaling factor adjustment for the steam generator of NPl574:53-60制界面,更强的数据处理功能及简便实用的参数显示(6] SONG Zhi-gang; YU Qi-xiang; WANG Yi-ming;ctl, Devclop功能。比使用其他仿真语言(如Maab/ Simulink工具ment of fuzzy controller for parameters adaptation of PID con-troller based on L abvIEW[1, Machinery Design manufacture箱)更容易实现各个模块之间传递数据,仿真过程还2003(4):P11~12.能动态修改仿真参数并实时更新,可以更好地配置控宋智罡,郁其祥,王益明等,基于 LabVIew的PID参数自适应模糊控制器设计山J,机械设计与制造,2003(4:11~12制器参数以达到最优,大大缩短没计周期,提高开发[7] Jin Yihui, Process Control [m, Beijing: TSinghua universily效率,具有较大的工程实用价值。press. 1988金以慧,过程控制[M,北京:清华大学出版社,1998[8 ZHAO Baochun, LUO Zon-gan, LIu Xianghua, Design andReferences(参考文献simulation of fuzzy logic controller based on LabVIEW], Control Engineering of China, 2006, 13(S1 ): 49-52[1] CHEN Hong-wei, XU Zhen-yu, YANG Bo, et al, Analysis of the赵宝纯,骆宗安,刘相华,基于LabⅤIEW的模糊控’器设计Influential Factors to Boiler Drum Level [], Power System En与仿真[,控制工程,2006,13:4952neering,2007,23(02):32-33[9] JiN Zhiqiang, Biao Qiliang, A method of design of PID controller陈鸿伟,许振宇,杨博,等锅炉汽包水位影响因素分析[电based on I abvIEW[], Control Automation, 2005, 21(6): 1-2站系统工程,2007,23(02):32-33金志强,包启亮,一种基于LabⅤIEW的PID控制器设计的[2 ZHOU Jia, CAO Xiao-ling, LIU Yong-wen, Controlling Strategy方法[,微计算机信息,2005,21(6):1-2Analysis of Drum Level in Boiler [J]. Boiler Technology, 2005, [10] National Instrument, Lab VIEW simulation moduler user manual36(03):5~10.IM, Austin: National Instruments, 2004周佳,曹小玲,刘永文,锅炉汽包水位控制策略的现状分炘[11 LI Guo-yng, A New Fu∠ y PID Controller[ J Journal of Sys-「J,锅炒技术,2005,36(03),P5-10tem simulation,2003,15(10):1492-1496[3 IIU Hongjun, HAN Pul, WANG Dongfeng, Simulation Research李国勇,一和新型的模糊PID控制器[J,系统仿頁学报,of DMC-PID Cascade for Water Level System of a Drum boile2003,15(10),P1492-1496978-1-935068-81-502011 Scares.o1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalelEctronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.ner
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88E1116R_Datasheet
88E1116R_Datasheet，marvell以太网phy芯片手册，全本88E1116RM A RV E LL. Alaska Gigabit Ethernet TransceiverOVERVIEWFEATURESThe Alaska 88E1116R Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver is10/100/1000BASE-TIEEE 802.3 complianta physical layer device containing a single GigabitSupports reduced pin count GMII(RGMID)interfaceEthernet transceiver. The transceiver implements theFour RGMii timing modesEthernet physical layer portion of the 1000BASE-T,100BASE-TX. and 10base-t standards. t is manufacIntegrated mdi interface termination resistors thateliminate twelve passive componentstured using standard digital CMOS process and con-tains all the active circuitry required to implement theEnergy Detect and Energy Detect+ low powerphysical layer functions to transmit and receive data onmodesstandard Cat 5 unshielded twisted pairThree loopback modes for diagnosticsThe 88E1116R device has two regulators to generateDownshift"mode for two-pair cable installationsall required voltages. The 88E1116R device can beFully integrated digital adaptive equalizers, echopowered by a single 1.8V, 2.5V, or 3. 3V supply Alternacancellers, and crosstalk cancellerstively, if the regulators are not used, then the 88E1116RAdvanced digital baseline wander correctiondevice can be powered by a 1. 8v and 1.2V supplyAutomatic MDi/MDIX crossover at all speeds ofThe 88E1116R device incorporates the Marvell@ VirtualoperationCable Tester (VCTTM)feature, which uses TimeAutomatic polarity correctionDomain Reflectometry(TDR)technology for the remotelEEE 802. 3u compliant Auto-Negotiationidentification of potential cable malfunctions, thusSoftware programmable LEd modes including LEDreducing equipment returns and service calls. UsingtestingVCT, the alaska 88E1116R device detects and reportspotential cabling issues such as pair swaps, pair polar-Supports IEEE 1149.1 JTAGity and excessive pair skew. The device will also detectMDC/MDIO Management Interfacecable opens, shorts or any impedance mismatch in theCRC checker, packet countercable and reporting accurately within one meter the disPacket generationtance to the faultVirtual Cable Tester(VCT)The 88E1116R device integrates MDI interface terminaAuto-Calibration for MAc Interface outputstion resistors into the Phy. this resistor integrationComa Mode supportfacilitates board layout and reduces board cost byRequires a single 1.8v supplyreducing the number of extenal components. The new10 pads can be supplied with 1.8V, 2.5V, or 3. 3VMarvell calibrated resistor scheme will achieve andexceed the accuracy requirements of the IEEE 802.3Two regulators generate all required voltagesRegulator can be supplied with 1.8V,2.5V or 3.3Vreturn loss specificationsCommercial gradeThe 88E1116R device supports the reduced gmll64-Pin QFN package(RGMI)for direct connection to a MAC/Switch portThe 88E1116R device uses advanced mixed-signal processing to perform equalization, echo and crosstalkcancellation, data recovery, and error correction at agigabit per second data rate. The device achievesrobust performance in noisy environments with very lowpower dissipationThe 88E 1116R device is offered in a 64-pin QFn pack-The 88E1116R device is footprint compatible with the88E1116 device As the 88E 1116R device employs integrated MDi interface terminations, all external mDIinterface termination resistors and capacitors must beremoved when migrating from the 88E1116 to88E1116R. See 88E1116 to 88E1116R Migration Appli-cation note for more detailsCopyright o 2007 MarvellCONFIDENTIALDoC. No. MV-S104224-00. Rev.March 1. 2007. AdvanceDocument Classification: Proprietary InformationPage 388E1116RMARVELLo Alaska Gigabit Ethernet TransceiverMagnMedia Types10/1001000Mbps88E1116R|a盖10BASEEthernet macRJ-45Device100BASE-TX1000BASE-TMAC InterfaceRGMII88E1116R Device used in Copper ApplicationDoc. No. MV-S104224-00. Rev.CONFIDENTIALCopyright o 2007 MarvellPage 4Document Classification: Proprietary InformationMarch 1. 2007. AdvanceTable of contentsSECTION 1. SIGNAL DESCRIPTION1.1 Pin Description101.1.1 Pin Type Definitions1264 Pin QFN Pin Assignment List- Alphabetical by Signal Name.……,…,,…,161.3 O State at Various Test or reset modes .mmm.,17SECtION 2. FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS2.1 Copper Media Interface..国面画192.2 MAC Interface(RGMII)4192.2.1 10/100 Mbps Functionality2.2.2 TX ER and RX ER Codingaaaaaiiaia t23Lo。 pback……………,….….….,.,…….…,…,….….……,…….……………212.3.1 MAC Interface Loopback212.3.2 Line Loopback.222.3.3 EXternal Loopback24 Synchronizing F|FQ….…,,…,…,,,,,,…,,,,,…,,,…,,,,…,……242.5 Copper Media Transmit and receive Function.man..m日a252.5.1 Transmit side Network Interface252.5.2 Encoder2.5.3 Receive Side Network Interface2.5. 4 Decoder2.6 Regulators and Power Supplies282.6.1 AVDD2.6.2 AVDDC282.6.3 AVDDR292.6.4 AVDDX2.6.5DVDD…292.6.6 VDDO26.7 VDDOR.292.7 Power Management302.7.1 Low Power Modes2.72 Low Power Operating Modes……2.7.3 RGMl Effect on Low Power modes3228Auto- Negotiation.........……33Copyright o 2007 MarvellCONFIDENTIALDoC. No. MV-S104224-00. Rev.March 1. 2007. AdvanceDocument Classification: Proprietary InformationPage 588E1116RMARVELL Alaska Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver2.9 Downshift Feature…352.10 Advanced virtual Cable Tester362.10.1 Maximum Pe2.10.2 First Peak372.10.3 Offsetp2. 10. 4 Sample Poin2.10.5 Pulse Amplitude and Pulse Width392. 10.6 Drop Link...392.10.7 VCTTM With Link Up392.11 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)Detect........2.12 CRC Error Counter and frame Counter412.12. 1 Enabling the crc error counter and frame counter.412.13 Packet generator412.14 MDI/MDIX Crossover422.15P。 olarity Correction..…432.16LED,,,,,,,,,,,…,…,,442.16.1 LED Polarity452.16.2 Pulse Stretching and Blinking.462. 16.3 Bi-Color LED Mixing472.16.4 Modes of Operation482.17 EEE 1149.1 Controller522.17.1 BYPASS Instruction522.17.2 SAMPLE/PRELOAD Instruction.52217.3 EXTEST Instruction552,17.4 The clamP Instruction552,17.5 The high-z Instruction552.17.6 ID CODE Instruction552.18 Interrupt.552.19 Automatic and Manual Impedance Calibration.……,…,…,…,…,…,…,……562. 19. MAC Interface calibration circuit562.19.2 MAC Interface Calibration Register Definitions2. 19.3 Changing Auto Calibration Targets2. 19. 4 Manual Settings to The Calibration Registers“““582.20 Configuring the 88E1116R Device..2.20. 1 Hardware Configuration612.20.2 Software Configuration-Management Interface632.21 Temperature sensor64Doc. No. MV-S104224-00. Rev.CONFIDENTIALCopyright o 2007 MarvellDocument Classification: Proprietary InformationMarch 1. 2007. AdvanceSECTION 3 REGISTER DESCRIPTION65SECTION 4, ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS1104.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings,…,…,…,…,,…,…,…,…,…,…,,…,…,……,1104.2. Recommended Operating Conditions..,,.,……,,……1114.3. Package Thermal Information.………….……….…………1124.3.1 Thermal Conditions for 64-pin QFn Package1124. 4. Current Consumption...........面量量…1134.4.1 Current Consumption AVDD..1134.4.2 Current Consumption AVDDC..1134.4.3 Current Consumption AVDDR1144.4.4 Current Consumption AVDDX1144.4.5 Current Consumption DVDD4.4.6 Current Consumption VDDo1154.4.7 Current Consumption VDDOR1154.4.8 Current Consumption Center Tap1154.5. DC Operating Conditions1164.5.1 Non-RGMlI Digital Pins1164.5.2 Internal resistor Description4.5.3 Stub-Series Transceiver LogIc (55/.21174.5 4 EEE DC Transceiver Parameters1194.6. AC Electrical Specifications1204.6.1 Reset Timing ..1204.6.2 XTAL IN/XTAL OUT Timing1214.6.3 LED to CONFIG Timing1214.7 RGMII Interface Timing……,,…1224.7.1 RGMl AC Characteristics4.7.2 RGMII Delay Timing for different RGMiI Modes1234.8. MDC/MDIO Timing…12549. JTAG Timing…,,…1264.10.EEE AC Transceiver parameters1274.11. Latency Timing........….…1284.11.1 RGMII to 1000BASE-T Transmit Latency Timingaa“aa1284.11.2 RGMII to 100BASE-TX Transmit Latency Timing1284.11.3 RGMiI to 10BASE-T Transmit Latency Timing4. 11. 4 1000BASE-T to RGMll Receive Latency Timing1304. 11.5 100BASE-TX to RGMII Receive Latency Timing.1304.11.610 BASE-T to RGMll Receive Latency Timing……….….…………,130SECTION 5. PACKAGE MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS1315.1 64-Pin QFN Package...131Copyright o 2007 MarvellCONFIDENTIALDoC. No. MV-S104224-00. Rev.March 1. 2007. AdvanceDocument Classification: Proprietary InformationPage 788E1116RMARVELL Alaska Gigabit Ethernet TransceiverSECTION 6. ORDER INFORMATION1336.1 Ordering Part Numbers and Package Markings1336.1.1 RoHS 5/6 Marking Example1346.1.2 RoHS 6/6 Marking Example135Doc. No. MV-S104224-00. Rev.CONFIDENTIALCopyright o 2007 MarvellPage 8Document Classification: Proprietary InformationMarch 1. 2007. AdvanceSignal DescriptionSection 1. Signal DescriptionThe 88E1116R device is a 10/100/1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet transceiverFigure 1: 88E1116R Device 64-Pin QFN Package(Top view)文gg9廿廿廿廿廿廿凵廿廿廿凵廿守令导好寸守哥导$85#將RX CTRL4932TSTPTRXDIO5031MDIPIORXD[51EPAD-VSS30d MDIN[O]VDDOR52290 AVDDRX CLK5328叫NCRXD[2]54AVDDRXD]5526MD|P[1VDDOR56VREF57MARVEL L③24E MDIP[2TXD0]□5823MDIN[2TXD[1]B5988E1116R22AVDDTX_CLK F6021AVDDTXD[2Top ViewMDIP[3TXD3]□62190 MDIN[3]TⅩCTRL6318□NCCONFIG[O]64CTRL18三s回口cc×O百口口艺艺安安Copyright o 2007 MarvellCONFIDENTIALDoc. No. MV-S104224-00 RevMarch1.2007. AdvanceDocument Classification: Proprietary InformationPage 988E1116RMARVELL. Alaska Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver1.1 Pin Description1.1.1 Pin Type DefinitionsPin Ty peDefinitionHInput with hysteresisVOInput and outputInput onlOutput onlPUIntemal pullPDInternal pull downOpen drain outputTri-state outputADC sink capabilityDoC. No. MV-S104224-00 RevCONFIDENTIALCopyright o 2007 MarvellPage 10Document Classification: Proprietary InformationMarch.2007. Advance
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