IOI2014解题报告
信息学奥赛的重要资料。对于爱好信息学奥赛的青少年而言,此报告十分难得。Chapter 1Day 11.1 Day 1 rail11.1题目大意有两条平行的单向铁路(上方的从右到左,下方的从左到右),分为m段有η个车站,每个车站为C类型(只能从上往下)或D类型(只能从下往上),分布在某些段中,每个段最多一个车站。已知0号车站是C类型,并给出0号车站的位置,最多可以询问两车站之间的距离3(n-1)次(距离指经过段与段连接处的次数,例如上图0号车站到2号车站的距离为5),要求确定每个车站的位置和类型。保证车站两两可达11.2算法讨论先询问得到0号车站到其他车站的距离,而最近的一个,就是0号车站右侧第一个D类型的(称之为j号车站)然后询问得到号车站到其他车站的距离,其中最近的一个,可能是0号车站,也可能是其他车站(都称之为k号车站),显然和k之间不会冉有其他车IOI2014解题报告Day 1 Wall站,而0和k之间也不会有其他的D类型的车站,所有k号车站到其他车站的距离可直接算出有了和k到其他车站的距离,那就可以轻松分出左右了(离j号近,就在k的左侧,否则在j的右侧)。但分出左右后还是不能确定具体位置,而这时对于每个车站我们还留下次询问的机会。接下来称当前车站为号车站而这次询问一定是留给特殊位置的车站,假设当前车站在左侧,则考虑当前确定的最左侧的车站(称之为L号)。按离(或k)号车站的距离从近到远的顺序处理剩下的车站,那么只有这两和情况:L k j以及(注意下面这种L和之间还会有C类型的车站)L i k两者都会有以下关系式:dst(j,L)+|0s;-pos|=dist(j.)+x(x≥0)第一种情况多出来的是L到它右侧第一个D类型车站的距离×2,而第二种情况多出来的是L到它右侧第一个C类型车站的距离×2。所以,算出x之后,只要到L右侧的c/2的距离处看下车站的类型就可以确定位置了。这样问题就解决了如果当前车站在右侧,那么询问与已确定的最右侧车站的距离,类似讨论即可。1.2 Day 1 Wall21题目大意维护一个长度为的整数序列,一开始每个元素均为0,支持以下两种操作将连续一段中小于k的元素修改为k将连续段中大于k的元素修改为k问所有m个操作进行完之后序列各元素的值。3IOI2014解题报告Day 1 Game1.22算法讨论不难发现对某一个元素的操作是可加的,即说对于某一个元素来说,应用在其上的每一个操作可以都表示为“如果它的初值小于L,那么最终它等于l;如果它的初值大于γ,那么最终它等于η;否则它最终等于初值”这样的形式,并且多个这样的形式是可以合并的。于是我们可以把每个操作都看成一个值,这样原问题就转化成“维护一个序列,每次对一段区间加上一个值,问最后每个元素的值”。这是可以用带标记的线段树直接维护的。该算法的时间复杂度为O(m+ m log n)对于“维护一个序列,每次对一段区间加上一个值,问最后每个元素的值”这个问题,我们也可以使用扫描线进行维护。但本题中的值是不可减也不满足交换律的,因此在扫描过程中我们需要使用一个线段树来维护覆盖到当前点的值并将它们按时间顺序依次求和。该算法的时间复杂度为O(m+ m log m)1.3 Day 1 game131题目大意有一张n个点的无向图,小B每次会询问某两个点之间是否有边相连,小A每次回答yes或no。如果在小B把所有(条边间完之前,小B就能确定这整张图是否联選,小A就输了。现在让你当小A,依次对每个询问回答yes或no求一种获胜方案。1
- 2020-12-09下载
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ansoft Maxwell 3d教程.pdf
ansoft Maxwell 3d 向导式的用户界面、精度驱动的自适应剖分技术和强大的后处理器时的Maxwell 3D成为业界最佳的高性能三维电磁设计软件。可以分析涡流、位移电流、集肤效应和邻近效应具有不可忽视作用的系统,得到电机、母线、变压器、线圈等电磁部件的整体特性。功率损耗、线圈损耗、某一频率下的阻抗(R和L)、力、转矩、电感、储能等参数可以自动计算。同时也可以给出整个相位的磁力线、B和H分布图、能量密度、温度分布等图形结果。本文件是软件使用教程.希望能帮助大家·Printing HistorNew editions of this manual include material up dated since theprevious edition. The manual printing date, indicating the manualscurrent edition, changes w hen a ncw edition is printed. Minorcorrections and updates incorporated al reprint do not cause the daleto changeUpdate packages may be issued betw een editions and containadditional and/ or rep lacement pages to be merged into the manualby the user Pages which are rearranged because of changes on aprevious page are not considered to be revised.EditionDateSoftwareRevisionFebruary 1991April 199212December 1993October 19964.1September 19995.06December 20006.0WWW⊥nmTypeface ConventionsComputerCter type is used fon promptsand messages, for field names, and for keyboard entries that must be ty ped in theirentirety exactly as shown. For example, thenstruction"copy filel"means to type the w ordcopy, to type a space. and then to type filelMenu/Command Computer type is also used to display the commands that are needed to perform a specifictask Menu levels are separated by forwardslashes (/) For example, the instructionhoose File/Open"means to choose the Opencommand under the file menuItalicsItalic type is used for emphasis and for thetitles of manuals and other publications. Italictype is also used for key board entries when aname or a variable must be typed in place ofthe words in italics. For example, the instruc-rion“ copy filename” means to type the wordcopy, to type a space, and then to type then amc of a filc. such as filelKeysHelvetica type is used for labeled keys on thecomputer keyboard. For example, the instruc-tion"Press Return?"means to press the key onthe com puter that is lahcled Returnwww.docin.coInstallationBefore you use Maxwell 3D, you must1. Set up your systems graphical windowing systerm2. Install the Maxwell softw are, using the directions in theAnsell PC or UNIX Installation guideIf you have not yet done these steps, refer to the ansoft installetionguides and the documentation that came w ith your computer systemor ask your system administrator for helpsing a Graphical User InterfaceIf you are familiar with the concepts of using a mouse, menus, andother graphical user interface(GUn)tools, skip to Chapter 1“ IntroductionIf you have not used GuI systems before, this section will help youunderstand some of the terminology used in this guide. Since GUIare basically visual, the best way to learn to use them is by practicingon your systemMost gui systcms usc a mouseas a poinTing device, with whichyou can select areas on the screenfor command execution andmoving from one program toanother. Your mouse may have 2www.door 3 buttons; Maxwell 3D ignoresthe middle button on 3-buttondelsAnsoft products donot usc this button. You canprogram mouse buttons to work in non-standard ways, as you mightwant to if you are left-handed. For simplicity, the left-hand hutton(under your forefinger if you are right-handed) is called the leftbutton, and the one on far right is the right mouse button. You willprobably find the terms intuitive once you use these buttons a fewtimesPoint and click; Right clickTo choose an item with the mouse, first move it on your desk until thearrow cursor is on that item; you are now pointing" at the item. Next,ress and release the left bu tton thlled"clicking " Point-andclick is the most common action you will make with your mouseally, click" refers to a lefise button clickYou can sometimes use your right mouse button to access or entercommands. In the 3d Modeler for instance, a right mouse buttonclick causes a short menu of commands to appear at the moustcursor. Generally, right click "refers to a right mouse button clickDouble-ClickOccasionally you may want to sclect all of thc text in a box,orperform a special lask(such as indicating the end of drawing a linewhile you are using Maxwell 3D. You can do this efficiently byquickly clicking twice with your left mouse button -a doubleDragging objects; Click and HoldWhen you are drawing in the 3D Modeler, you can often use yourmouse to enter objects and move around the screen. Frequently, youwill click the mouse button and hold it down until the next part of thecommand is reached (the object is oved, the next point is enteredand so forth). If you click and hold on the edge of a w indow, you canposition, or drag, the window on your screen. You can often dragobjects in Maxwell; experiment to see w hat will moveTool BarsTool bars are shortcut methods for entering commands. There is atool bar in the 3d Modeler and most of the setup modules for severalcommand s. To use a tool bar. click the mouse cursor on the buttonyou want to use. Here is an example of a tool bar囗。圖哦良风≌固函MenusWithin each screen of maxwell 3d are areas w hich list subsets ormenus,of commands. You can access a menu by clicking your mouseon the word or button that indicates the menu. The menu is pulleddown, listing the commands available on that menu. (For examplethc New command is availablc on the File mcnu. Usually, thc mcnuwill remain displayed until you choose a command, or click on thedesktop to exit. If the menu does not remain displayed, click and holdthe mouse button, then release the button to make your choiceFile Edit viewNewopenCloseSavectrl+SSave AsImportExportExitctrl+QAn arrow on the right side of a command indicates that there is asubmenu for that command. An ellipsis (. )indicates that a pop-upwindow appears aftcr choosing this commandWhen you are asked to use a menu command, each level is separatedby a"/". Thus, to zoom in on a drawing, you would choose the viewLoom In menu command To open a new file, you would choose File/There are also pop-up menus, which appear when you righL-click ona maxwell modeler window. choose commands from thcsc menus inthe same way as from menu barsFor more information on using GUIs, refer to"User Interface"in theMaxwell Control Panel,s online help systemOther ReferencesFor detailed information on Maxwell 3d commands refer to theonline documentation for the maxwell 3d field simulatorTo start maxwell 3d, you must first access the maxwell controlPanel. for more detailed inform ation on the maxwell control panelcommands, refer to the Maxwell Control Panels online help systemwww.docin.comTable of Contents1. Introduction1-1General Procedure.1-2The Sample Problem1-4Meshes.....,,,,,,,,面2. Create aAccess the maxwell Control Panel·:.·:·甲,,,,,,,,,,2-2Start the Project managerCreate a Project directoryCreate a New project··,···············,·,,,,,,,,,,2-6Enter notes2-73. Draw the model3-1Open the project3-2Start. the 3D Modeler3-3Side window........................snaps3-6Define the problem region: Coordinates and Units ..,...... 3-7Absolute and relative coordinates3-7Grids3-7Zooming in and out of the view window3-9Create the electromagnet3-10Draw the Coil...,,.,..,3-10Draw thc Circlc........,..,...,,,......,..........3-10Create the Cylinder,,3-11Create the hole for the Core3-12Draw the Core·中··············3-13SavingP3-14Create the magnel翻...3-15Draw the magnet3-15Move the magnet3-15Toggle Off the Background..................3-16Create a termini..........,,,,,..,,,,......,,,..3-17Create the Coil terminal..........,,......,,,.,..3-18Define the Problem Region;..,;;“;##.3-20Define the Problem Region .................. 3-21Shading and rendering . ......................................3-22Exit the 3d modeler3-234 Define The problemAccess the Material Manager4-2Exclude the background·····+···,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.4-2Assign Steel to the CoreAssign Copper to the Coil4-3Assign vacuum to the problem Region.......4.......4-3Assign NdFe35 to the Magnet4-3Access the 3D Boundary/Source Manager45assign a current to the coil.....4-6Define the sourceAssigning the Source lo the Termina.........,..,,,,∴4-64-7Check the Direction of the CurrentExit the 3D Boundary/Source Manager4-85. Generate a Solution5-1Setup executive Parameters······5-2Create a Force Setup for the Magnet.5-3Create a Force Setup for the Coil and Core5-3Create a Force Setup for the entire model·········Exiting the Executive Parameters moduleSpecifying Solution Criteria·非5-5Solver type11翻自。■非非首·····:.··.·Magnetic Field SolveResidualSolve for Field and Parameters+++++++++++++++++++++;,+“++Adaptive analysisContents-2
- 2020-11-27下载
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