fam

说明：  This code is related to the course Digital Communications. It reproduce the error probability as a function of the SNR per bit for 16-QAM. Enjoy it!

Simpson integration method(1/3)

risk Granger 因果关系检验模型(risk Granger)

粒子群优化算法(PSO)是一种进化计算技术(evolutionary computation)，有Eberhart博士和kennedy博士发明。源于对鸟群捕食的行为研究 PSO同遗传算法类似，是一种基于叠代的优化工具。系统初始化为一组随机解，通过叠代搜寻最优值。但是并没有遗传算法用的交叉(crossover)以及变异(mutation)。而是粒子在解空间追随最优的粒子进行搜索。详细的步骤以后的章节介绍 同遗传算法比较，PSO的优势在于简单容易实现并且没有许多参数需要调整。目前已广泛应用于函数优化，神经网络训练，模糊系统控制以及其他遗传算法的应用领域(Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary computation technique (evolutionary computation), has Dr. Eberhart and Dr. kennedy invention. Deriving from the behavior of birds of prey PSO with genetic algorithm is similar to an iterative optimization-based tools. System initialization for a group of random solutions, through the iterative search for optimal values. But there is no cross-genetic algorithm used (crossover) and mutation (mutation). But the particles in the solution space of the particles to follow the optimal search. In detail the steps after the introduction sections compared with the genetic algorithm, PSO has the advantage of being simple and easy and did not realize many of the parameters need to be adjusted. Has been widely applied to function optimization, neural network training, fuzzy system control, as well as other genetic algorithm applications)

说明：  这是一个小巧的指针类.在这里提供了两个主类CountedPtr和BackPtr,可以使用在任何环境中(This is a small target category. Here the two main categories CountedPtr BackPtr and can be used in any environment)

Harmony Search Algorithm

datafit kriging toolbox

ecg dection component P QRST wave.

this code is for learning

This M Code simulate the effects of clipping and filtering on PAPR PAPR reduction in OFDM-based wireless standard.Also the performance of BER versus SNR of original OFDM signals with PAPR reduction based on clipping and filtering schemes over AWGN channel is evaluated. The simplest and most widely used technique of PAPR reduction is to basically clip the part of signals that are outside the allowed region.Clipping methode introduces both in band distortion and out of band radiation into OFDM signals which degrades the performance including the BER and spectral efficiency.Filtering can reduce out of band radiation after clipping although it can not reduce in-band radiation distortion.However, clipping may cause some peak regrowth so that the signal after clipping and filtering will exceed the clipping level at some point.To reduce peak regrowth a repeated filtering and clipping operation can be used to obtain a desirable PAPR at a cost of computational complexity increase.